Cleveland Orchestra |

ʻO Cleveland Orchestra

ʻO ka Cleveland Orchestra kahi hui mele mele ʻAmelika i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Cleveland, Ohio. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka orchestra i ka makahiki 1918. ʻO ka Severance Hall ka hale ʻaha mele home o ka orchestra. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka hoʻohewa mele ʻAmelika, aia ka Cleveland Orchestra i nā ʻelima kiʻekiʻe o ka US symphony orchestras (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Big Five"), a ʻo ia wale nō ka orchestra mai kēia ʻelima mai kahi kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Cleveland Orchestra ma 1918 e ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Adella Prentice Hughes. Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, aia ka orchestra ma lalo o ke kākoʻo kūikawā o ka Association for the Arts in Music. ʻO Nikolai Sokolov ka luna hoʻokele kiʻi mua o ka Cleveland Orchestra. Mai nā makahiki mua o kona ola ʻana, ua mākaʻikaʻi ka orchestra i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua komo i nā hoʻolaha lekiō. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana hoʻopaʻa leo, hoʻomaka ka orchestra e hoʻopaʻa mau.

Mai ka makahiki 1931, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ka Severence Hall, i kūkulu ʻia ma ka uku o ka mea aloha mele ʻo Cleveland a me ka mea philanthropist ʻo John Severance. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia keʻena ʻaha mele he 1900 mau noho ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka makahiki 1938, ua pani ʻia ʻo Nikolai Sokolov ma ke kahua o ke alakaʻi e Artur Rodzinsky, ka mea i hana pū me ka orchestra no 10 mau makahiki. Ma hope ona, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka orchestra e Erich Leinsdorf no ʻekolu makahiki.

Ua hoʻomaka ka lā nui o ka Cleveland Orchestra i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o kona alakaʻi, ʻo George Sell. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ma kēia pou i ka makahiki 1946 me kahi hoʻonohonoho hou o ka orchestra. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau mea mele, ʻo kekahi, ʻaʻole makemake e hana me kahi alakaʻi hou, haʻalele lākou i ka orchestra. I nā makahiki 1960, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻokani pila ma mua o 100 i waena o nā mea kani maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai o kēlā me kēia o lākou, ua kākau nā mea hoʻohewa ʻo Cleveland Orchestra "hoʻokani e like me ka mea mele nui loa." No nā makahiki he iwakālua o ke alakaʻi ʻana a George Sell, ua loaʻa i ka orchestra, e like me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ua loaʻa i kāna kanaka kūʻokoʻa "leo ʻEulopa".

I ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Sell, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻaha mele ma nā ʻaha mele a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, hiki i ka helu makahiki o nā ʻahamele i 150 i kēlā me kēia kau. Ma lalo o George Sell, ua hoʻomaka ka orkestra e kaʻapuni i nā ʻāina ʻē. I loko o ka makahiki 1965, ua hele kāna huakaʻi i ka USSR. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻaha mele ma Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi a me Yerevan.

Ma hope o ka make ʻana o George Sell i ka makahiki 1970, ua alakaʻi ʻo Pierre Boulez i ka Cleveland Orchestra ma ke ʻano he kākāʻōlelo mele no 2 mau makahiki. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo nā alakaʻi alakaʻi Kelemania kaulana ʻo Lorin Maazel lāua ʻo Christoph von Dohnanyi nā alakaʻi noʻeau o ka orchestra. ʻO Franz Welser-Möst ka mea alakaʻi nui o ka orchestra mai 2002. Ma lalo o nā ʻōlelo o ka ʻaelike, e noho ʻo ia ma ke poʻo o ka Cleveland Orchestra a hiki i 2018.

Nā alakaʻi mele:

Nikolai Sokolov (1918—1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972—1982)1984 Christoph-2002 von2002na Franz Welser-Möst (mai ka makahiki XNUMX)