ʻO Valentin Vasilievich Silvestrov (Valentin Silvestrov) |
ʻO Valentin Silvestrov
ʻO ke mele wale nō ka mea e mau ai ke mele…
Me he mea lā i kēia manawa, he ʻano maʻamau kēia mau ʻōlelo no ka haku mele. Akā ua haʻi ʻia lākou e kahi mea hoʻokani mele nona ka inoa no ka manawa lōʻihi i kapa ʻia he avant-gardist (ma ke ʻano pejorative), he subverter, mea luku. Ua lawelawe ʻo V. Silvestrov i nā mele no kahi kokoke i 30 mau makahiki a, ma muli paha o ka haku mele nui, hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo: "ʻAʻole i hāʻawi mai ke Akua iaʻu i ka makana o ka makapō!" (M. Tsvetaeva). No kona ala holoʻokoʻa - ma ke ola a me ka hoʻomohala - aia i kahi neʻe paʻa i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ma waho aʻe, ʻike ʻia i pani ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio, ʻo Sylvestrov maoli e hoʻāʻo e lohe ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia i kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana. Lohe - i ka 'imi 'ana i ka pane i na ninau mau loa o ka noho 'ana, i ka hoao ana e komo i na mea huna o ka Cosmos (ma ke ano he kanaka noho) a me ke kanaka (ma ke ano he mea lawe i ka Cosmos i loko o ia iho).
ʻO ke ala o V. Silvestrov i ke mele he mamao loa ia mai ka maʻalahi, a i kekahi manawa keaka. Ua hoʻomakaʻo ia e aʻo i ka mele ma ka makahiki 15. I ka makahiki 1956 ua liloʻo ia i haumāna ma ka Kyiv Civil Engineering Institute, a ma 1958 ua komoʻo ia i ka Kyiv Conservatory ma ka papa o B. Lyatoshinsky.
I kēia mau makahiki, ua hoʻomaka ka haku mau ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, nā ʻenehana haku mele, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna mau lima ponoʻī, a ma hope i lilo i mea kākau lima ʻike ʻia. Aia i loko o nā haku mele mua, kokoke i nā mea a pau o ka haku mele o Silvestrov i ho'oholo'ia, e like me ka mea e ulu hou ai kāna hana.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana he ʻano neoclassicism, kahi o ka mea nui ʻaʻole nā formulas a me ka stylization, akā ʻo ka empathy, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe, ka māmā, ka ʻuhane i lawe ʻia e ke mele o ka baroque kiʻekiʻe, classicism a me ka romanticism mua ("Sonatina", "Classical. Sonata" no ka piano, a ma hope aku "Music in the old style", etc.). ʻO ka manaʻo nui i kāna mau haku mele mua i uku ʻia i nā ʻano loea hou (dodecaphony, aleatoric, pointillism, sonoristics), ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana maʻamau ma nā mea kani kahiko, a me ka hoʻopaʻa kiʻi kiʻi hou. Loaʻa nā ʻāina ʻo Triad no ka piano (1962), Mystery for alto flute and percussion (1964), Monody for piano and orchestra (1965), Symphony No. 1966 (Eschatophony - 1971), Drama no ka violin, cello a me ka piano me kāna mau hanana, nā hana. (60). ʻAʻohe o kēia mau hana a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 70 a me ka 2 mua o ka ʻenehana i ka hopena iā ia iho. He ala wale nō ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoliʻoli a me ka ʻike maopopo. ʻAʻole ia he coincidence i loko o nā hana avant-garde loa mai ka ʻike loea, ua hōʻike ʻia ka lyricism ʻoiaʻiʻo loa (i ka palupalu, "nāwaliwali", i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele ponoʻī, nā mele ma o ka serial XNUMX mau ʻāpana o ka First Symphony), a ua hānau ʻia nā manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao hohonu e alakaʻi i ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻUhane ma ka ʻehā a me ka ʻelima Symphonies. ʻO kēia kahi i kū mai ai kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hana a Silvestrov - meditativeness.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o kahi ʻano hou - "maʻalahi, melodic" - hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo "Meditation" no cello a me ke keʻena orchestra (1972). Mai laila e hoʻomaka ai ka noʻonoʻo mau e pili ana i ka manawa, e pili ana i ke ʻano, e pili ana i ka Cosmos. Aia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā mele mele a Silvestrov ma hope (ka ʻehā (1976) a me ka ʻelima (1982) symphonies, "Quiet Songs" (1977), Cantata no ka papa mele a cappella ma ke kahua ʻo T. Shevchenko (1976), "Forest Music" ma ke kahua. G. Aigi (1978), “Simple Songs” (1981), ʻEhā mele ma ke kahua o O. Mandelstam Hoʻolohe lōʻihi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka manawa, ka nānā ʻana i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa, e ulu mau ana, me he mea lā e hāʻule ana kekahi ma luna o kekahi, e hana i kahi macroform, lawe i ka mele ma mua o ke kani, e hoʻohuli iā ia i hoʻokahi spatio-temporal holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka cadence pau ʻole kekahi o nā ala e hoʻokumu ai i ke mele "kali", ke hūnā ʻia kahi haʻalulu nui i loko o ke ʻano monotonous, undulating static. Ma kēia manaʻo, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Fifth Symphony me nā hana a Andrei Tarkovsky, kahi e hana ai nā kiʻi kūwaho i waho i ka mana o loko super-tense, e hoʻāla i ka ʻuhane kanaka. E like me nā lipine a Tarkovsky, ʻo ke mele a Sylvestrov ke kamaʻilio ʻia i ka poʻe elite o ke kanaka, inā ma ka elitism e hoʻomaopopo maoli ai kekahi i ka mea maikaʻi loa o ke kanaka - ka hiki ke manaʻo hohonu a pane i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha o ke kanaka a me ke kanaka.
He ākea loa ke ʻano spectrum o ka hana a Silvestrov. Hoʻopili mau ʻia ʻo ia e ka huaʻōlelo, ka poetry kiʻekiʻe loa, e koi ana i ka ʻike maikaʻi loa o ka puʻuwai no kāna leʻaleʻa mele kūpono: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, T. Shevchenko, E. Baratynsky, P. Shelley, J. Keats, O. Mandelstam. Aia i loko o nā ʻano leo i hōʻike ʻia ka makana a Sylvestrov ka melodist me ka ikaika nui loa.
Aia kahi hana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i kahi kūlana kūikawā ma ka hana a ka mea haku mele, akā naʻe, ʻike ʻia kāna manaʻo hana. ʻO kēia ka "Kitch Music" no ka piano (1977). Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, wehewehe ka mea kākau i ke ʻano o ka inoa ma ke ʻano he "nāwaliwali, hoʻolei ʻia, kūleʻa ʻole" (ʻo ia hoʻi, kokoke i ka wehewehe wehewehe o ka manaʻo). Ua hoole koke mai nae oia i keia wehewehe ana, me ka haawi ana mai i ka manao nostalgic: _E hookani i ka leo akahai, pili pono, me he mea la e hoopa malie ana i ka hoomanao ana o ka mea hoolohe, i kani ai ke mele iloko o ka noonoo, me he mea la e mele ana ka hoomanao o ka mea hoolohe i keia mele_. A ʻo nā honua o Schumann a me Chopin, Brahms a me Mahler, nā kānaka make ʻole o Time, ka mea a Valentin Silvestrov i manaʻo nui ai, hoʻi maoli i ka hoʻomanaʻo.
He akamai ka manawa. Ma hope a ma hope paha, e hoʻihoʻi i nā mea a pau i ka mea e pono ai lākou. Nui nā mea i loko o ke ola o Silvestrov: ʻo ka maopopo ʻole o nā kiʻi "kokoke-moʻomeheu", a me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā hale paʻi, a me ka kipaku ʻana mai ka Union of Composers o ka USSR. Akā aia kekahi mea ʻē aʻe - ka ʻike ʻia o nā mea hoʻokani a me nā mea hoʻolohe i ko mākou ʻāina a i waho. ʻO Silvestrov - ka mea lanakila o ka makana. S. Koussevitzky (USA, 1967) and the International Competition for Young Composers "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970). ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻole, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo akaka, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka maʻemaʻe, hoʻonui ʻia e nā talena kiʻekiʻe a me kahi moʻomeheu i loko - ʻo kēia mau mea āpau ke kumu e manaʻo ai i nā hana koʻikoʻi a naʻauao i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
S. Filstein
