Pehea e ʻike koke ai i nā tonalities pili o ka lua a me ke kolu degere?

I kēia lā e hana mākou i kahi mea hoihoi - e aʻo mākou e ʻimi i nā tonalities e pili ana i kahi mamao, a e hana i kēia me ka wikiwiki e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā "ʻohana" ma ke kēkelē mua.

ʻO ka mea mua, e wehewehe kākou i kekahi mea nui. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake kekahi poʻe e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana Rimsky-Korsakov, e like me ka hiki ke ʻekolu degere o ka pilina ma waena o nā tonalities, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, e like me ia ʻaʻole ʻekolu, akā ʻehā o kēia mau degere. No laila, e lawe mākou i ka ʻōnaehana pili ʻohana a Rimsky-Korsakov ma ke ʻano he kumu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, akā ʻaʻole mākou e haʻalele i ka ʻōnaehana ʻelua a e kūkākūkā kaʻawale i kēia kumuhana ma ka hopena.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana 3- a me 4-level o ka pilina pili ʻana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā pūʻulu o nā tonalities, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lua, ua māhele wale ʻia i ʻelua a i ʻole, inā makemake ʻoe, e komo i ʻelua, ʻo ia ka 2nd a me ke 3th degere i loko. ka ʻōnaehana 4-degere. E ho'āʻo kākou e noʻonoʻo i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia:

Pehea e ʻimi ai i nā tonality pili o ke kēkelē lua?

Maanei pono mākou e ʻimi i nā kī he 12. ʻO ke kumu nui o kahi i hele mai ai lākou e kūkākūkā nui ʻia ma ka ʻatikala "Degrees of relatedness of key," a i kēia manawa e aʻo wale mākou pehea e ʻike ai iā lākou ma ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi.

Nā kī o ka degere ʻelua o ka pilina no ka mea nui

Ma ka pālākiō nui, mai loko mai o nā kī he 12, he 8 ka nui, ʻo ke koena he 4 he mea liʻiliʻi. Me ka ʻole ado hou aku, e nānā mākou i nā ʻanuʻu o ke kī kumu. Malia paha e ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka huli ʻana ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā manawa mai ka tonic, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā tonalities hou i nā ʻanuʻu o ka mea mua.

No laila, e hoʻomaka, aia nā kī liʻiliʻi 4, no laila e hoʻomanaʻo wale mākou i nā degere: I (minor of the same name), V (minor dominant), VII (hoʻomanaʻo wale - ʻo ka hiku), VIIb (hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hiku).

No ka laʻana, no ke kī o C-dur (ka inoa leka o nā kī), he c-moll, g-moll, h-moll a me b-moll.

I kēia manawa aia nā kī nui 8 a ua hui pū ʻia lākou, i kēia manawa e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "paired". Hoʻopili mākou iā lākou i kēia mau ʻanuʻu: II, III, VI a me VII. A ma nā wahi āpau e like me kēia: kahi pae kūlohelohe a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua kī nui no kēlā me kēia degere (hoʻokahi ʻaʻohe leo palahalaha, ʻo kekahi me kahi leo pālahalaha).

No ka laʻana, no ka nui C like ʻo ia: D-dur a me Des-dur, E-dur a me Es-dur, A-dur a me As-dur, H-dur a me B-dur. He mea maʻalahi loa nā mea a pau, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo kaʻaha kilokilo - 2367 (i haku ʻia me nā helu ʻanuʻu).

Nā kī o ka degere ʻelua o ka pilina no ka mea ʻuʻuku

Inā he liʻiliʻi kā mākou tonality mua (e like me ka C minor), a laila e puʻunaue ʻia nā tonality 12 e pili ana i ke degere ʻelua e like me kēia: akā, ʻo 4 wale nō ka mea nui a ʻo ke koena 8 he liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā tonics o nā kī nui e kū like me nā degere aʻe (hoʻomanaʻo): I (major of the same name), II (simple second), IIb (second lowered), IV (major subdominant). No ka laʻana, no C minor, ʻo ia nā "cousins" penei: C-dur, D-dur, Des-dur a me F-dur.

ʻEwalu mau kī liʻiliʻi a, e hoʻolohe, he mea hoihoi loa nā mea āpau ma ʻaneʻi: noho like kā lākou tonics i nā ʻanuʻu like me ka 8 tonics nui no ka mea nui: II, III, VI a me VII ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe a hoʻemi ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, pili i ka C minor nā tonalities e like me d-moll a me des-moll (kahi kī ʻole, akā ʻo nā mea āpau e like me ia), e-moll a me es-moll, a-moll a me as-moll, h- moll a me ka b-moll.

ʻIke hoihoi (hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia)

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio maʻamau e pili ana i nā hoahānau no ka mea nui a me ka liʻiliʻi, a laila e puka mai kekahi mau mea hoihoi ma aneʻi:

• mai loko mai o 24 (12+12) tonics no kēlā me kēia hihia aia he 9+9 (18) mau ʻāpana i kūlike i ka tonally a ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka manaʻo modal (me 8+8, i pili pū me "code 2367" a me ka 1+1 like. );
• ʻO nā leo o ka inoa hoʻokahi he mau hoahānau ia o ke kēkelē lua o kēia ʻōnaehana, a ma ka ʻōnaehana 4-degree ma ke ʻano he "mau hoahānau lua";
• ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā tonality o ka lua o ka pilina pili pili me nā degere hoʻomaka (ma VII - 4 tonalities no ka mea nui, ma II - 4 tonalities no ka mea liʻiliʻi), me nā pae i kūkulu ʻia ai nā triad i hoʻemi ʻia i ka tonality mua i ka ʻano kūlohelohe o kona ʻano, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau tonics i ka pōʻai o nā ʻohana o ke degere mua (kahi ʻano o ka uku - hoʻonui ʻia e ʻelua i kahi degere ma hope);
• ʻO nā tonality pili o ke kēkelē lua: no ka mea nui - ka tonality o ka mea nui, a no ka mea liʻiliʻi - ke kani o kahi subdominant nui (a hoʻomanaʻo mākou e pili ana i nā hihia kūikawā i ka pōʻai o nā tonality o ka degere mua - kahi subdominant liʻiliʻi ma he mea nui harmonic a he mana koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi keiki harmonic?).

Pono, ua lawa, ua hiki i ka manawa e neʻe aku a neʻe i ka aʻe, ke kolu degere o ka pilina, i characterizes ka pilina ma waena o ka loa mamao tonalities (aole lakou i hookahi triad maʻamau).

Degere kolu o ka pilina

Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole like me ka pilikia o ka pae mua, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i ka ʻelepani, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i ka helu helu a i ʻole ke kaʻa. Uaʻikeʻia nā mea a pau no ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻohana pono nā mea a pau. E haʻi aku nō wau iā ʻoe!

Ka huina ʻelima kī. Ma ke ala like, e noʻonoʻo mua mākou i ka hihia inā nui kā mākou kī mua, a laila ka hihia inā mākou e ʻimi nei i nā ʻohana nalo no kahi kī liʻiliʻi.

ʻAe, ma ke ala, aia kekahi mau mea maʻamau ma waena o kēia mau hihia, aia kekahi mau leo ​​maʻamau (ʻelua o lākou). ʻO ka mea maʻamau o kēia, ʻo ia ka tonic o nā tonalities maʻamau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka mamao triton mai ka tonic kumu. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana mākou i kēia tonic ʻelua - no nā kī nui a me nā kī liʻiliʻi.

No laila, inā nui kā mākou kī mua (ʻo ia ka C major, no ka laʻana), a laila aia ka memo F-sharp ma kahi mamao o kahi tritone mai kona tonic. Me ka F-sharp hana mākou i nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia, ʻelua o nā kī ʻelima ʻo Fis-dur a me fis-moll.

A laila he mau hana mana wale nō! Mai ka hopena o ke kī tritone liʻiliʻi e neʻe ana i luna ma nā hapalima kūpono. Ma ka huina, pono mākou e hana i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu - e loaʻa iā mākou nā kī ʻekolu i koe: cis-moll, gis-moll a me dis-moll.

Inā he mea liʻiliʻi ke kī mua (C minor no ka laʻana), a laila hana like mākou: kūkulu mākou i kahi tritone, a loaʻa koke i ʻelua kī (Fis-dur a me fis-moll). A i kēia manawa, e nānā, mai ke kī tritone nui (ʻo ia hoʻi, mai Fis-dur) e iho i lalo ekolu hapalima! Loaʻa iā mākou: H-dur, E-dur a me A-dur.

No ka poʻe e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana 4-degere

Ke hoʻomau nei e noʻonoʻo pehea e ʻike ai i nā tonalities pili no ka poʻe makemake e hoʻokaʻawale i ʻehā degere ma mua o ʻekolu. E haʻi koke aku au ʻo ke kēkelē ʻehā ke kolu like ʻole me ka loli ʻole. ʻAʻohe pilikia me kēia.

Akā, e like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻo ka lua "e ʻekolu" e komo i ka lua a me ke kolu "e ʻehā". A ʻo ka lua o ka degere he 4 mau tonality wale nō, a ʻo ke kolu - 8. No ʻoe iho, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i 12 tonalities i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā tonalities 4 o ke degere ʻelua mai lākou, i waiho ʻia ʻoe me 8 tonalities o ke kolu. degere.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka tonality o ke degere ʻelua "e ʻehā"?

ʻO kēia ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka Moscow system of tonal kinship. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mea a pau ma aneʻi he logical a maʻalahi. Pono e loaʻa nā mana ʻelua a me nā subdominant pālua (ʻaʻole pili i ke kapa pololei ʻana iā lākou).

Ma ka nui, ke ʻimi nei mākou i ke tonality o ka mana ʻelua (II degere me kahi triad nui ma luna) a me kona ʻano like, a me ke tonality o ka subdominant pālua (VII haʻahaʻa me kahi triad nui ma luna) a me kona ʻano like. ʻO nā laʻana no C nui ʻo D-dur||h-moll a me B-dur||g-moll. ʻO nā mea a pau!

Ma ka liʻiliʻi, hana mākou i ka mea like, waiho wale mākou i nā mea āpau a mākou e ʻike ai i ka liʻiliʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole like ka mana pālua - DD, akā e like me dd - kūlohelohe, e pili ana i ka subdominant - like). Hoʻohui mākou i nā mea like me nā mea a mākou i loaʻa ai a loaʻa nā tonalities o ka degere ʻelua o ka pilina no C minor: d-moll||F-dur a me b-moll||Des-dur. He mea maʻalahi nā mea akamai a pau!