George Solti |

ʻO Georg soli

ʻO wai o nā alakaʻi o kēia wā ka mea nona ka helu nui loa o nā makana a me nā makana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma nā moʻolelo? ʻOiai ʻaʻole i helu ʻia kēia helu, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe hoʻohewa he poʻokela ma kēia kahua ka luna hoʻokele a me ke alakaʻi nui o London's Covent Garden Theatre, ʻo Georg (George) Solti. Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻohanohano nā hui honua like ʻole, nā hui, nā ʻoihana a me nā makasina i ke alakaʻi me nā hanohano kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ia ka mea lanakila o ka Edison Prize i hāʻawi ʻia ma Netherlands, ka American Critics Prize, ka French Charles Cross Prize no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Mahler's Second Symphonies (1967); ʻO kāna mau moʻolelo o Wagner opera i loaʻa i ka Grand Prix o ka French Record Academy ʻehā mau manawa: Rhine Gold (1959), Tristan und Isolde (1962), Siegfried (1964), Valkyrie (1966); i ka makahiki 1963, ua loaʻa i kāna Salome ka makana like.

ʻO ka mea huna o ia kūleʻa ʻaʻole wale ʻo Solti i hoʻopaʻa i ka nui, a pinepine pū me nā poʻe solo e like me B. Nilsson, J. Sutherland, V. Windgassen, X. Hotter a me nā mea pena kiʻi honua. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ka hale kūʻai o ke kālena a ka mea pena, kahi e hoʻokō pono ai kāna mau mele. E like me ka ʻike ʻana o kekahi mea hoʻohewa, kākau ʻo Solti ma ka "hoʻonui ʻana i kāna mau hana i ʻelua haneli pakeneka e loaʻa ai ka haneli e pono ai." Makemake ʻo ia e hana hou i nā ʻāpana pākahi, loaʻa ka hōʻoluʻolu no kēlā me kēia kumumanaʻo, elasticity a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kani, pololei rhythmic; makemake ʻo ia e hana me nā ʻokiʻoki a me ke kāpili ʻana ma ka lipine, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia ʻāpana o kāna hana he kaʻina hana hoʻomohala a loaʻa i ka mea hoʻolohe ke loaʻa kahi moʻolelo kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā "seams". ʻO ka orchestra i ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa leo ʻike ʻia i ka mea alakaʻi ma ke ʻano he mea paʻakikī e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻokō i kāna mau manaʻo āpau.

Eia nō naʻe, pili ka mea hope i ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā a ka mea pena, nona ka hana nui o ka hale opera.

ʻO ka ikaika nui o Solti ka hana a Wagner, R. Strauss, Mahler a me nā mea kākau o kēia wā. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo he mea ʻē ka honua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, nā kiʻi kani ʻē aʻe i ke alakaʻi. Ua hōʻoia ʻo ia i kāna versatility i nā makahiki o kahi hana hoʻolālā lōʻihi.

Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Solti ma kona kūlanakauhale hānau ʻo Budapest, ua puka ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi i ka makahiki 1930 mai ka Academy of Music ma ka papa 3. ʻO Kodai ma ke ʻano he haku mele a ʻo E. Donany ma ke ʻano he piano. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna diploma i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāwalu, ua hele ʻo ia e hana ma ka Budapest Opera House a ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi o ke alakaʻi ma laila i ka makahiki 1933. Ua kaulana ka honua i ka mea pena ma hope o ka hui ʻana me Toscanini. Ua hana ʻia ma Salzburg, kahi i loaʻa ai iā Solti, ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi, e hana i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka male ʻana o Figaro. Ma ka manawa kūpono, aia ʻo Toscanini i loko o nā hale kūʻai, nāna i hoʻolohe pono i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holoʻokoʻa. I ka pau ana o Solti, ua hamau make, a hoʻokahi wale nō huaʻōlelo i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka haku: “Bene!” - "Maikaʻi loa!". ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua ʻike nā mea a pau e pili ana iā ia, a ua wehe ʻia kahi wā e hiki mai ana i mua o ke alakaʻi ʻōpio. Akā ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai i ka mana o nā Nazis i koi iā Solti e neʻe i Switzerland. No ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e alakaʻi ai a hoʻoholo e hoʻokani ma ke ʻano he piano. A laila hiki koke mai ka lanakila: i ka makahiki 1942 ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka makana mua ma ka hoʻokūkū ma Geneva, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele. I ka makahiki 1944, ma ke kono a Ansermet, ua mālama ʻo ia i kekahi mau ʻahamele me ka Swiss Radio Orchestra, a ma hope o ke kaua ua hoʻi ʻo ia e alakaʻi.

I ka makahiki 1947, lilo ʻo Solti i poʻo o ka Hale ʻOpera Munich, i ka makahiki 1952 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi alakaʻi nui ma Frankfurt am Main. Mai ia manawa, ua huakaʻi ʻo Solti i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa a ua hana mau ʻo ia ma US mai 1953; akā naʻe, ʻoiai nā hāʻawi kālā, hōʻole ʻo ia e neʻe i waho. Mai ka makahiki 1961, aia ʻo Solti ma ke poʻo o kekahi o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa - ʻo London's Covent Garden, kahi i hoʻokumu ai ʻo ia i kekahi mau mea hana nani. ʻO ka ikehu, ke aloha puʻupuʻu i ke mele i hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Solti ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa: aloha nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻEnelani, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka super-wizard of the conductor's baton."

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969