Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

People's Artist o ka USSR (1972). Ua hoʻopuni ka lewa mele i ka mea pena e hiki mai ana mai ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO kona mau mākua he mau mea hoʻokani pila a hoʻokani ʻo ia ma nā ʻano hoʻokani pila. (He mea kupanaha ka makuahine o Kondrashin, ʻo A. Tanina, ka wahine mua i hoʻokūkū ma ka Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra ma 1918.) I ka wā mua ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka piano (kula mele, VV Stasov technical school), akā i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku. ua hoʻoholo e lilo i alakaʻi a komo i ka Conservatory Moscow. Elima makahiki ma hope mai, ua puka 'o ia mai ka papa Conservatory ma ka papa o B. Khaikin. ʻOiai ma mua, ua hoʻoikaika nuiʻia ka uluʻana o kāna mau mele mele e nā papa i ka lokahi, polyphony a me ka nānāʻana i nāʻano me N. Zhilyaev.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻanuʻu kūʻokoʻa mua o ka mea ʻōpio me ka Musical Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope o VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. I ka wā mua ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā mea kani ma ka orkestra, a i ka makahiki 1934 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi - ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana ʻo ka operetta "Corneville Bells" na Plunket, a ma hope iki ʻo "Cio-Cio-san" na Puccini.

Ma hope koke iho o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory, ua kono 'ia 'o Kondrashin i ka Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), i alaka'i 'ia e kona kumu, B. Khaikin. Maanei ua hoʻomau ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kiʻi hoʻomohala o ke alakaʻi. Ua lanakila ʻo ia me nā hana paʻakikī. Ma hope o ka hana kūʻokoʻa mua ma ka opera "Pompadours" a A. Pashchenko, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i nā hana he nui o ka papa mele kahiko a me ka repertoire hou: "The Wedding of Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "The Bartered Bride", "Tosca", " Kaikamahine mai ke Komohana", "Quiet Don".

I ka makahiki 1938, ua komo ʻo Kondrashin i ka Competition Conducting All-Union. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi diploma o ke kēkelē lua. He kūleʻa kānalua ʻole kēia no ka mea pena kiʻi he iwakāluakūmāhā makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe lanakila o ka hoʻokūkū he mau mea hoʻokani pila.

I ka makahiki 1943, ua komo 'o Kondrashin i ka hale keaka Bolshoi o ka USSR. Ke hoʻonui nui nei ka papa hana keaka o ka mea alakaʻi. E hoʻomaka ana ma ʻaneʻi me "The Snow Maiden" na Rimsky-Korsakov, a laila kau ʻo ia i ka "The Bartered Bride" na Smetana, "Pebble" na Monyushko, "The Force of the Enemy" na Serov, "Bela" na An. Alexandrova. Eia naʻe, i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kondrashin e hoʻoikaika nui i ke alakaʻi symphonic. Alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, i lanakila i ka Grand Prix ma ka Budapest Festival i ka makahiki 1949.

Mai ka makahiki 1956, ua hāʻawi piha ʻo Kondrashin iā ia iho i ka hana ʻaha mele. A laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia kāna orkestra mau. Ma ka huakaʻi makahiki o ka ʻāina, pono ia e hoʻokani me nā hui like ʻole; me kekahi e hana mau ana. Mahalo i kāna hana koʻikoʻi, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui nā orchestras e like me Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh i ko lākou pae ʻoihana. ʻO ka hana hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o Kondrashin me ka Pyongyang Orchestra ma DPRK i lawe mai i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.

I kēia manawa, ua makemake nā mea kani Soviet koʻikoʻi i kahi hui me Kondrashin ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, hāʻawi ʻo D. Oistrakh iā ia i ka pōʻai "Development of the Violin Concerto", a hoʻokani ʻo E. Gilels i nā ʻelima o nā concerto a Beethoven. Ua hele pū ʻo Kondrashin i ka pōʻai hope loa o ka First International Tchaikovsky Competition (1958). ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lohe ʻia kāna "duet" me ka mea lanakila o ka hoʻokūkū piano ʻo Van Cliburn ma USA a me ʻEnelani. No laila ua lilo ʻo Kondrashin i mea alakaʻi Soviet mua e hoʻokani ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Mai ia manawa, pono ʻo ia e hoʻokani pinepine ma nā kahua ʻaha mele a puni ka honua.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hana hou a koʻikoʻi loa o ka hana noʻeau a Kondrashin i ka makahiki 1960, i kona alakaʻi ʻana i ka Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. I loko o ka manawa pōkole, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka lawe ʻana i kēia hui i mua o nā palena kiʻi. Pili kēia i nā ʻano hana ʻelua a me ka laulā repertoire. Ma ke kamaʻilio pinepine ʻana me nā papahana maʻamau, ua kālele ʻo Kondrashin i kona manaʻo i nā mele o kēia wā. Ua "ʻike" ʻo D. Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony, i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki kanakolu. Ma hope o kēlā, hāʻawi ka mea haku mele iā ia i nā hana mua o ka Symphony ʻumikumamākolu a me ka hoʻokō ʻana iā Stepan Razin. I ka makahiki 60, ua hōʻike ʻo Kondrashin i ka lehulehu me nā hana a G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky a me nā mea kākau Soviet ʻē aʻe.

"Pono mākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wiwo ʻole a me ka hoʻomanawanui o Kondrashin, nā loina, ke ʻano mele a me ka ʻono," i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa ʻo M. Sokolsky. "Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe, ākea a me ka manaʻo nui o ka Soviet, ma ke ʻano he propagandist makemake nui o ka hana Soviet. A i loko o kēia hoʻokolohua hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka wiwo ʻole o kāna, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kākoʻo o ka orchestra, nona ka inoa ʻo Moscow Philharmonic… Eia, ma ka Philharmonic Orchestra, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia a hōʻike nui ʻia ke kālena nui o Kondrashin. Makemake au e kapa aku i keia talena he mea ino. Impulsiveness, impetuous emotionality, addiction to sharpened dramatic explosions and climaxes, to intens expressiveness, which were inherent in the young Kondrashin, ua mau i mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o Kondrashin arts i kēia mau lā. I kēia lā wale nō ua hiki mai ka manawa nona i kahi oʻo nui maoli.

E hoʻomaopopo ': R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. “SM”, 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., “K. 'Ōleloʻo Kondrashin e pili ana i ke mele a me ke ola", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969