Rodolphe Kreutzer |
ʻO Rodolphe Kreutzer
ʻElua mau mea akamai o ke kanaka, kēlā me kēia ma ko lākou ʻano ponoʻī, i make i ka inoa ʻo Rodolphe Kreutzer - Beethoven lāua ʻo Tolstoy. ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻolaʻa i kāna sonata violin maikaʻi loa iā ia, ʻo ka lua, i hoʻoulu ʻia e kēia sonata, i hana i ka moʻolelo kaulana. I kona wā e ola ana, ua hauʻoli ʻo Kreuzer i ka kaulana o ka honua ma ke ʻano he ʻelele nui loa o ke kula violin classic French.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Rodolphe Kreuzer ma Versailles i ka lā 16 o Nowemapa, 1766. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna hoʻonaʻauao mua ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kona makuakāne, nāna i hala ke keiki, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hana. holomua wikiwiki, i Antonin Stamits. ʻO kēia kumu kupaianaha, ka mea i neʻe mai Mannheim a i Paris i ka makahiki 1772, he hoa hana ia no Father Rodolphe ma ka hale pule ʻo Marie Antoinette.
ʻO nā hanana haunaele a pau o ka manawa i noho ai ʻo Kreuzer i hala i ka maikaʻi no kona hopena pilikino. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāono, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia a mahalo nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila; Ua kono ʻo Marie Antoinette iā ia i ka Trianon no kahi ʻahamele ma kāna keʻena a hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna pāʻani. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua kaumaha nui ʻo Kreutzer - i loko o ʻelua mau lā ua nalowale kona makuakāne a me kona makuahine a waiho ʻia ʻo ia i ke kaumaha me ʻehā mau kaikunāne a me nā kaikuahine, ʻo ia ka hiapo. Ua koi ʻia ke kanaka ʻōpio e lawe iā lākou i kāna mālama piha a hele mai ʻo Marie Antoinette e kōkua iā ia, e hāʻawi ana i kahi o kona makuakāne ma kāna Hale Hoʻokolokolo.
I kona wā kamaliʻi, i ka makahiki 13, hoʻomaka ʻo Kreutzer e haku, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe aʻo kūikawā. I ka 19 o kona mau makahiki, ua kākau ʻo ia i ka First Violin Concerto a me ʻelua mau opera, i kaulana loa ma ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo a ua hoʻolilo ʻo Marie Antoinette iā ia i mea hoʻokani pila a me ka mea hoʻokani solo. ʻO nā lā haunaele o ke kipi bourgeois Farani ʻo Kreutzer i hoʻomaha ʻole ma Paris a loaʻa i ka kaulana nui ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o nā hana operatic, a he kūleʻa nui. Ma ka mōʻaukala, ʻo Kreutzer no kēlā galaxy o nā mea haku mele Farani e pili ana kāna hana me ka hana ʻana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "opera of salvation". I loko o nā opera o kēia ʻano, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu hoʻomāinoino, nā kumuhana o ka hakakā ʻana i ka hana ʻino, ka heroism, a me ke kamaʻāina. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā "operas hoʻopakele" ʻo ia nā kumu aloha kūʻokoʻa i kaupalena pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hana keaka ʻohana. Ua kākau pū ʻo Kreutzer i nā keaka o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka mua o kēia mau mele no ka moʻolelo mōʻaukala a Deforge ʻo Joan of Arc. Ua hui ʻo Kreuzer me Desforges i ka makahiki 1790 i kona alakaʻi ʻana i ka hui o nā violins mua i ka orc stra o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka hana keaka a lanakila. Akā ʻo ka opera "Paul and Virginia" i lawe mai iā ia i mea kaulana loa; ʻO kona hoʻomaka mua i hana ʻia ma Ianuali 15, 1791. I kekahi manawa ma hope, ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi keaka a Cherubini ma ia kahua hoʻokahi. Ma ke kālena, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Kreutzer me Cherubini, akā makemake ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kāna opera me ka lyricism naive o nā mele.
ʻO Lodoiska (1792) ka opera hoʻomāinoino loa a Kreutzer. Ua lanakila kāna mau hana ma ka Opera Comic. A maopopo kēia. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka opera i pili i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ke ʻano o ka lehulehu o Paris kipi. "ʻO ke kumuhana o ka hakakā ʻana i ka hana ʻino ma Lodoisk i loaʻa i kahi ʻano keaka hohonu a me ka maopopo loa ... [ʻoiai] ma ka mele a Kreutzer, ʻo ka hoʻomaka mele ka ikaika loa."
Hōʻike ʻo Fetis i kahi ʻike ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano hana hana a Kreutzer. Kākau ʻo ia ma ka hana ʻana i nā hana operatic. Ua hahai ʻo Kreutzer i kahi noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kamaʻāina i ke kumumanaʻo o ka haku mele. "ʻO ke ʻano o kāna kākau ʻana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka helu ʻo ia ka hele ʻana me nā ʻanuʻu nui a puni ka lumi, e hīmeni ana i nā mele a me ka hoʻokani pila iā ia iho." "Ma hope wale nō," wahi a Fetis, "i ka wā i ʻae ʻia ai ʻo Kreutzer ma ke ʻano he polopeka ma ka conservatory, ua aʻo maoli ʻo ia i nā kumu o ka haku mele."
He mea paʻakikī naʻe ke manaʻoʻiʻo hiki iā Kreutzer ke haku i nā keaka holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Fetis, a me he mea lā aia kekahi mea o ka hoʻonui i kēia moʻolelo. ʻAe, a ʻo nā concerto violin e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i kōkua ʻole ʻo Kreuzer i ke ʻano o ka haku mele.
I ka wā o ke kipi, ua komo ʻo Kreutzer i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi opera ʻino ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "Congress of Kings". Ua kākau pū ʻia kēia hana me Gretry, Megule, Solier, Devienne, Daleyrac, Burton, Jadin, Blasius a me Cherubini.
Akā ua pane ʻo Kreutzer i ke kūlana kipi ʻaʻole wale me ka hana hoʻokalakupua. I ka makahiki 1794, ma ke kauoha a ka Convention, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina lehulehu, ua komo ʻo ia i loko o ia mau mea. Ma ka lā 20 Prairial (Iune 8) ua mālama ʻia kahi hoʻolauleʻa nui ma Paris no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka "Supreme Being". Ua alakaʻi ʻia kāna hui e ka mea pena kiʻi kaulana a me ka luna hoʻomalu ahi o ke kipi, ʻo David. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka apotheosis, ua huki ʻo ia i nā mea mele nui loa - Megule, Lesueur, Daleyrac, Cherubini, Catel, Kreutzer a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua maheleia o Parisa holookoa i 48 apana a ua hookaawaleia he 10 kahiko, opio, makuahine o na ohana, kaikamahine, keiki mai kela a me keia. He 2400 leo o ka papa himeni. Ua kipa mua nā mea hoʻokani pila i nā wahi a lākou e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hana a nā poʻe i komo i ka hoʻomaha. Ma ke kani o ka Marseillaise, ua aʻo nā mea hana lima, nā mea kālepa, nā limahana, a me nā poʻe like ʻole o nā kula ʻo Parisa i ka Himeni i ka Mea Kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa iā Kreutzer ka wahi Peak. Ma ka la 20 Prairial, ua hīmeni ka papa himeni hui i kēia mele, me ka hoʻonani ʻana i ke kipi me ia. Ua hiki mai ka makahiki 1796. ʻO ka hopena lanakila o ko Bonaparte hoʻoikaika Italia i hoʻohuli i ka pūkaua ʻōpio i meʻe aupuni no Farani kipi. ʻO Kreuzer, ma hope o ka pūʻali, hele i Italia. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele ma Milan, Florence, Venice, Genoa. Ua hōʻea ʻo Kreutzer i Genoa i Nowemapa 1796 e komo i ke kula i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Josephine de la Pagerie, ka wahine a ke aliʻi aliʻi, a ma ʻaneʻi i ka salon Di Negro i lohe ai i ka pāʻani ʻōpio Paganini. ʻIke ʻo ia i kāna hana akamai, wānana ʻo ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana no ke keikikāne.
Ma Italia, ua komo ʻo Kreutzer i kahi moʻolelo ʻano ʻē a huikau. ʻO kekahi o kāna mea kākau moʻolelo, ʻo Michaud, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bonaparte i kauoha iā Kreutzer e ʻimi i nā hale waihona puke a ʻike i nā manuscript i paʻi ʻole ʻia o nā haku o ka hale keaka mele Italia. Wahi a nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā ʻano misionari i ka geometer Farani kaulana ʻo Monge. Ua ʻike maoli ʻia ua pili ʻo Monge iā Kreutzer i ka hihia. Ma hope o ka hui ʻana ma Milan, ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka violinist e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo a Bonaparte. Ma hope mai, ma Venice, hāʻawi ʻo Monge iā Kreutzer i kahi pahu i loaʻa nā kope o nā palapala kahiko a nā haku o ka hale pule o St. Mark a noi ʻia e alakaʻi ʻia i Paris. Paʻa i nā ʻaha mele, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻo Kreutzer i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka pahu, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma ka hopena hope loa e lawe ʻo ia i kēia mau waiwai i ke kapikala Farani. Ua hikiwawe hou mai ka hoouka kaua. Ma Italia, ua ulu kahi kūlana paʻakikī. ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia ka mea i hana ʻia, akā ʻo ka pahu wale nō me nā waiwai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e Monge i nalowale.
Mai Italia i weluwelu i ke kaua, hele aku la o Kreutzer i Geremania, a i kona hele ana i Hamburg ma ke ala, ua hoi mai oia i Paris ma o Holani. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ka wehe ʻana o ka conservatory. ʻOiai ua hala ke kānāwai e hoʻokumu ana i ka Convention ma mua o ʻAukake 3, 1795, ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia a hiki i 1796. Ua kono koke ʻo Sarret, ka mea i koho ʻia i luna hoʻomalu, iā Kreutzer. Me ka ʻelemakule ʻo Pierre Gavinier, ʻo Rode ikaika a me Pierre Baio noʻonoʻo, ua lilo ʻo Kreutzer i kekahi o nā kumu aʻoaʻo o ka conservatory.
I kēia manawa, ke ulu nei ka pilina ma waena o Kreutzer a me Bonapartist pōʻai. I ka makahiki 1798, i ka wā i koi ʻia ai ʻo ʻAuseturia e hana i kahi kuikahi hilahila me Farani, ua hele pū ʻo Kreuzer me General Bernadotte, ka mea i koho ʻia ma laila i ʻelele, i Viena.
Ua ʻōlelo ka mea mele mele Soviet A. Alschwang ua lilo ʻo Beethoven i malihini kipa ma Bernadotte ma Vienna. "ʻO Bernadotte, ke keiki a kekahi loio Farani panalāʻau, ka mea i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e nā hanana kipi, he keiki maoli ia o ka bourgeois revolution a no laila ua mahalo ʻia ka mea haku mele democrat," i kākau ai ʻo ia. "ʻO nā hālāwai pinepine me Bernadotte i alakaʻi ai i ka pilina o ka mea hoʻokani mele he iwakāluakūmāhiku makahiki me ka ʻelele a me ka violinist Parisian kaulana ʻo Rodolphe Kreuzer i hele pū me ia."
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka pilina ma waena o Bernadotte a me Beethoven e ʻEdouard Herriot i kāna Life of Beethoven. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Herriot ma ka noho ʻana o Bernadotte ma Vienna he ʻelua mahina, ʻaʻole paha i hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi pilina pili loa ma waena o ka ʻelele a me nā ʻōpio a laila ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka manawa pōkole. ʻO Bernadotte maoli nō he kākalaio ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe aliʻi Viennese; ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hūnā i kona manaʻo repubalika a noho mehameha. Eia kekahi, ʻo Beethoven i kēlā manawa e pili kokoke ana me ka ʻelele Lūkini, ʻo Count Razumovsky, ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka mea haku mele a me Bernadotte.
He mea paʻakikī ke haʻi aku ʻo wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka pololei - ʻo Alschwang a i ʻole Herriot. Akā, mai ka palapala a Beethoven ua ʻike ʻia ua hālāwai ʻo ia me Kreutzer a hui pū ma Vienna i hoʻokahi manawa. Ua pili ka leka me ka hoʻolaʻa iā Kreutzer o ka sonata kaulana i kākau ʻia ma 1803. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻo Beethoven e hoʻolaʻa iā ia i ka virtuoso violinist mulatto Bredgtower, i kaulana loa ma Vienna i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Akā, ʻo ke akamai virtuoso maoli o ka mulatto, ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu i ka haku mele, a hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i ka hana iā Kreutzer. "He kanaka maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu ʻo Kreutzer," i kākau ai ʻo Beethoven, "ka mea i hāʻawi mai iaʻu i ka hauʻoli nui i kona noho ʻana i Viena. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻano kūlohelohe a me ka nele o ka pretensions ma mua o ka nani o waho o ka hapa nui o nā virtuosos, me ka ʻole o ka ʻike o loko. "Akā naʻe," wahi a A. Alschwang, me ka haʻi ʻana i kēia mau huaʻōlelo Beethoven, "ua kaulana ʻo Kreuzer ma hope no kona kuhihewa piha ʻana i nā hana a Beethoven!"
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo Kreutzer iā Beethoven a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. Ma hope loa, ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi, alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā symphonies a Beethoven ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. Ua kākau ʻo Berlioz me ka huhū ua ʻae ʻo Kreuzer iā ia iho e hana i nā waihona kālā i loko o lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka lawelawe manuahi ʻana i nā kikokikona o nā symphonies nani, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Kreutzer. Hoʻohui ʻo Berlioz ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻike like me kekahi alakaʻi Farani nui (a me ka violinist) ʻo Gabeneck, nāna i "hoʻopau i kekahi mau mea kani ma kahi symphony e ka haku mele hoʻokahi."
В 1802 Отов, Соделия боста мовЛОмным ЛиПОным Лаурнкопачнымпла Эту официальную должность он занимал вплоть до падения Наполеона.
E like me ka ʻoihana hoʻokolokolo, hana pū ʻo Kreutzer i nā hana "civila". Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Rode i Rūsia i ka makahiki 1803, ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo ia i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani solo ma ka orkestra ma ka Grand Opera; i ka makahiki 1816, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā hana o ka haku mele ʻelua i kēia mau hana, a i ka makahiki 1817, ʻo ke alakaʻi o ka ʻaha mele. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kaulana alakaʻi o Kreutzer e hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia, me Salieri lāua ʻo Clementi, nāna i alakaʻi i ka oratorio a J. Haydn "Creation of the World" i ka makahiki 1808 ma Vienna, i mua o kahi haku haku mele kahiko. imua o lakou ia ahiahi i kulou mahalo ai o Beethoven a me na mea hookani pila e ae o ke kapikala o Auseturia.
ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ke aupuni o Napoleona a me ka hiki ʻana mai i ka mana o nā Bourbons, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopilikia nui i ko Kreutzer kūlana. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i alakaʻi no ka Royal Orchestra a me ke alakaʻi o ka Institute of Music. Aʻo, pāʻani, alakaʻi, hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka lehulehu.
No nā lawelawe koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele aupuni Farani, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Rodolphe Kreutzer i ka Order of the Legion of Honor i ka makahiki 1824. Ma ia makahiki hoʻokahi, haʻalele ʻo ia i nā hana o ke alakaʻi o ka ʻOpera's orchestra, akā ua hoʻi hou iā lākou i ka makahiki 1826. ʻO ka haʻihaʻi nui o ka lima i hoʻopau loa iā ia mai ka hana ʻana i nā hana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia me ka conservatory a hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka alakaʻi a me ka haku mele. Akā ʻaʻole like nā manawa. Ke kokoke mai nei nā makahiki 30 - ke au o ka pua kiʻekiʻe o ka romanticism. Ua lanakila ka hana ʻālohilohi a me ke ahi o nā mea aloha ma luna o ka classicism decrepit. Ke emi nei ka hoihoi i ka mele a Kreutzer. Hoʻomaka ka mea haku mele e manaʻo. Makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomaha, akā ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka opera Matilda, makemake ʻo ia e ʻōlelo aloha i ka lehulehu Parisian me ia. Ua kali ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi iā ia - kahi hemahema o ka opera ma ka premiere.
Ua nui loa ka hahau ʻana a ua maʻi ʻo Kreutzer. Ua lawe ʻia ka haku mele maʻi a me ka ʻeha i Switzerland me ka manaʻolana e hoʻihoʻi hou mai ke ʻano olakino i kona olakino. Ua makehewa nā mea a pau - ua make ʻo Kreuzer ma Ianuali 6, 1831 ma ke kūlanakauhale Swiss o Geneva. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hōʻole ka curate o ke kūlanakauhale e kanu iā Kreutzer ma ke kumu ua kākau ʻo ia i nā hana no ka hale keaka.
He ākea a ʻokoʻa nā hana a Kreutzer. Ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he haku mele keaka. Ua hoʻokani ʻia kāna mau keaka no nā makahiki he ʻumi ma Farani a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa. Ua hele ʻo "Pavel and Virginia" a me "Lodoisk" i nā pae nui loa o ka honua; ua hoʻokani ʻia lākou me ka lanakila nui ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i kona wā kamaliʻi, kākau ʻo MI Glinka i kāna mau memo ma hope o nā mele Lūkini āna i makemake nui ai i ka overtures a ma waena o kāna mau punahele ua kapa ʻo ia i ka overture iā Lodoisk na Kreutser.
ʻAʻole i emi iki ka kaulana o nā concerto violin. Me nā mele hele wāwae a me nā leo hoʻohiwahiwa, hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā concerto a Viotti, me ka mālama pū ʻana i kahi pilina stylistic. Eia naʻe, ua nui ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. I loko o nā ʻaha mele ʻinoʻino o Kreutzer, ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui kekahi i ka heroism o ke au o ke kipi (e like me Viotti), akā i ka nani o ka "Empire". I ka makahiki 20-30 o ke kenekulia XNUMX ua makemake ʻia lākou, ua hana ʻia lākou ma nā kahua ʻaha mele āpau. Ua mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻaha mele ʻumikūmāiwa e Joachim; Hāʻawi mau ʻo Auer i kāna mau haumāna e pāʻani.
Kūʻē ka ʻike e pili ana iā Kreutzer ma ke ʻano he kanaka. ʻO G. Berlioz, ka mea i launa pū me ia i hoʻokahi manawa, ʻaʻole ia e pena iā ia mai kahi ʻaoʻao pono. Ma Berlioz's Memoirs, heluhelu mākou: “ʻO Rodolphe Kreuzer ka mea hoʻokani pila nui o ka Opera; ma keia hale keaka, e malama koke ia ana na ahamele uhane o ka Hebedoma Hemolele; ia Kreutzer e hoʻokomo i kaʻu kahua i kā lākou papahana, a hele wau iā ia me kahi noi. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia koʻu kipa ʻana iā Kreuzer e kahi leka a Monsieur de La Rochefoucauld, ka luna nānā nui o nā ʻoihana maikaʻi ... Eia kekahi, ua kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻo Lesueur iaʻu ma nā ʻōlelo i mua o kona hoa. I ka pōkole, aia ka manaʻolana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi koʻu manaʻo. ʻO Kreuzer, kēlā mea pena kiʻi nui, ka mea kākau o The Death of Abel (he hana kupanaha, e pili ana i kekahi mau mahina i hala aku nei, piha i ka hoihoi, kākau wau iā ia i ka mahalo maoli). ʻO Kreuzer, ka mea i manaʻo maikaʻi iaʻu, aʻu i mahalo ai ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻu no koʻu mahalo ʻana iā ia, ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻole iaʻu, ma ke ʻano hoʻowahāwahā loa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻihoʻi mai i kaʻu kakaka; Me ka nānā ʻole mai iaʻu, ua hoʻolei ʻo ia i kēia mau ʻōlelo ma luna o kona poʻohiwi:
— E kuʻu hoa aloha (he malihini ʻo ia iaʻu), — ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mele hou ma nā ʻahamele ʻuhane. ʻAʻohe o mākou manawa e aʻo ai iā lākou; ʻIke maikaʻi ʻo Lesueur i kēia.
Ua haʻalele au me ka puʻuwai kaumaha. Ma ka la Sabati ae, ua weheia ka wehewehe ana ma waena o Lesueur a me Kreutzer i loko o ka hale pule alii, kahi o keia hope he violinist ma'alahi. Ma lalo o ke koi a kaʻu kumu, ua pane ʻo ia me ka hūnā ʻole i kona huhū.
— Auwe, poino! He aha ka hopena iā mākou inā kōkua mākou i nā ʻōpio e like me kēia? ..
Pono mākou e hāʻawi aku iā ia, ua pololei ʻo ia).
A i kekahi mau ʻaoʻao ma hope mai, ua hoʻohui ʻo Berlioz: "Ua pale paha ʻo Kreuzer iaʻu mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kūleʻa, ʻo ke koʻikoʻi o ia mea noʻu i kēlā manawa.
Ua pili kekahi mau moʻolelo me ka inoa ʻo Kreutzer, i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka nūpepa o ia mau makahiki. No laila, ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ua haʻi ʻia ka anecdote like ʻole e pili ana iā ia, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike maoli ʻia. Ua hana ʻia kēia moʻolelo i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o Kreutzer no ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o kāna opera Aristippus, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kahua o ka Grand Opera. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea mele ʻo Lance ke hīmeni pololei i ka cavatina o Act I.
"Hoʻokahi modulation, e like me ke kumu o kahi aria nui mai ka hana II, alakaʻi hoʻopunipuni ka mea mele i kēia kumu. Ua pilikia ʻo Kreuzer. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hope ʻana, hele akula ʻo ia iā Lance: "Ke noi ikaika aku nei au iā ʻoe, e kuʻu Lance maikaʻi, e akahele ʻoe mai hoʻohilahila iaʻu, ʻaʻole loa au e kala aku iā ʻoe no kēia." I ka lā o ka hana, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka hīmeni ʻana iā Lance, ʻo Kreutzer, me ka ʻāʻī ʻana me ka hauʻoli, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kāna koʻokoʻo ma kona lima ... Auē, weliweli! ʻO ka mea mele, ua poina i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka mea kākau, ua hoʻopaʻa wiwo ʻole i ke kumu o ka hana ʻelua. A laila ʻaʻole hiki iā Kreutzer ke kū. Wehe aʻela ʻo ia i kāna wig, hoʻolei akula i ke mele poina: “ʻAʻole anei au i ao aku iā ʻoe e ka palaualelo! Makemake ʻoe e hoʻopau iaʻu, e ke kanaka hewa!"
I ka ʻike ʻana aku i ke poʻo ʻōhule o ka maestro a me kona mau helehelena minamina, ʻaʻole hiki iā Lance ke kū aʻe i ka ʻakaʻaka nui. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i hoʻopau loa i ka lehulehu a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka holomua o ka hana. I ka hana aʻe, ua piha ka hale keaka me ka poʻe i makemake e komo i loko, akā ua hala ka opera me ka ʻole. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana ma Paris, ua ʻakaʻaka lākou: "Inā e kau ʻia ka kūleʻa o Kreutzer i kahi kaula, a laila lanakila ʻo ia me ka wig holoʻokoʻa."
Ma ka Papa o Polyhymnia, 1810, ka puke pai nāna i hōʻike i nā lono mele a pau, ua hōʻike ʻia ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻahamele ma ka māla Botanical no kahi Elepani, i mea e aʻo ai i ka nīnau inā paha ua like kēia holoholona i ka leʻaleʻa i ke mele e like me. Wahi a M. Buffon. "No kēia mea, hoʻokani ʻia kahi mea hoʻolohe ʻokoʻa i nā aria maʻalahi me kahi laina mele mele a me nā sonatas me kahi lokahi paʻakikī. Ua hōʻike ka holoholona i nā hōʻailona o ka leʻaleʻa i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka aria "O ma tendre Musette" i hoʻokani ʻia ma ka violin e Mr. Kreutzer. "ʻO nā "Variations" i hana ʻia e ka mea pena kaulana ma ka aria hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike ʻia ... Ua hāmama ka ʻelepani i kona waha, me he mea lā e makemake ana e uwē ma ke ana ʻekolu a ʻehā paha o ka Boccherini Quartet kaulana ma D major. ʻO Bravura aria ... ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā Monsigny kahi pane mai ka holoholona; akā me nā leo o ka aria "Charmante Gabrielle" ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona hauʻoli me ka maopopo ʻole. "Ua kahaha loa nā kānaka a pau i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻili ʻana o ka ʻelepani me kāna kumu, me ka mahalo, ka virtuoso kaulana ʻo Duvernoy. Ua aneane he duet, ʻoiai ua hoʻokani ʻo Duvernoy i ka pū.
ʻO Kreutzer ka mea hoʻokani pila. "ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka nani, ka nani a me ka maʻemaʻe o ke ʻano o Rode, ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini a me ka hohonu o Bayo, akā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ke ola a me ka makemake o ka manaʻo, i hui pū ʻia me ka leo maʻemaʻe," wahi a Lavoie. Hāʻawi ʻo Gerber i kahi wehewehe kikoʻī hou aʻe: "He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano pāʻani o Kreutzer. Hana ʻo ia i nā pauku Allegro paʻakikī loa, maʻemaʻe, me nā leo ikaika a me ka hahau nui. He haku koʻikoʻi ʻo ia o kāna ʻoihana ma ka Adagio. 'Ōleloʻo N. Kirillov i kēia mau laina mai ka German Musical Gazette no 1800 e pili ana iā Kreutzer lāuaʻo Rode i kahi mele mele no nā violinʻelua: "Ua komoʻo Kreutzer i kahi hoʻokūkū me Rode, a ua hāʻawi nā mea meleʻelua i nā mea aloha i ka manawa eʻike ai i kahi hakakā hoihoi ma kahi symphony me nā mele mele ʻelua o nā violins, a Kreutzer i haku no kēia manawa. Maanei ua hiki ia'u ke ike i ke talena a Kreutzer ka hua o ke a'o loihi a me ka hooikaika mau; me he mea la iaia ke akamai o Rode. I ka pōkole, ma waena o nā violin virtuosos i lohe ʻia i kēia makahiki ma Paris, ʻo Kreuzer wale nō ka mea hiki ke hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o Rode.
Hōʻike ʻo Fetis i ke ʻano hana o Kreutzer i nā kikoʻī: "Ma ke ʻano he violinist, ua noho ʻo Kreutzer i kahi kūikawā ma ke kula Farani, kahi i ʻālohilohi ai ʻo ia me Rode a me Baio, ʻaʻole no ka haʻahaʻa i ka nani a me ka maʻemaʻe (o ke ʻano. LR) i ka mua o kēia mau mea pena kiʻi, a i ʻole i ka hohonu o nā manaʻo a me ka mobility kupaianaha o ka ʻenehana i ka lua, akā no ka mea, e like me nā haku mele, i kāna talena ma ke ʻano he instrumentalist, ua hahai ʻo ia i ka intuition ma mua o ke kula. ʻO kēia intuition, waiwai a piha i ke ola, ua hāʻawi i kāna hana i kahi ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana a ua hana i ka hopena o ka naʻau i ka poʻe i hiki ʻole i kekahi o nā mea hoʻolohe ke pale aku. He leo ikaika kona, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka leo, a me kāna ʻano o ka haʻi ʻōlelo i lawe ʻia me kona puʻuwai.
Ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Kreutzer ma ke ʻano he kumu. Ma kēia ʻano, ua kū ʻo ia i waena o kāna mau hoa hana akamai ma ka Paris Conservatory. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka mana palena ʻole i waena o kāna mau haumāna a ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻāla ʻana i loko o lākou i ka manaʻo hoihoi no ia mea. ʻO ka hōʻike maikaʻi o ko Kreutzer koʻikoʻi aʻo aʻo ʻana, ʻo ia kāna 42 etudes no ka violin, i ʻike ʻia e kekahi haumāna o nā kula violin ma ka honua. Me kēia hana, ua make ʻo Rodolphe Kreutzer i kona inoa.
L. Raaben
