Jussi Björling |

ʻO Jussi Björling

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Swede Jussi Björling e nā mea hoʻohewa ʻo ia wale nō ka mea hoʻokūkū o ka Italia nui Beniamino Gigli. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi o nā leo leo maikaʻi loa ʻo "Jussi aloha", "Apollo bel canto". "He leo ko Björling nani maoli, me nā ʻano Italia ʻokoʻa," wahi a VV Timokhin. "Ua lanakila kona timbre me ka ʻālohilohi a me ka mahanahana, ua ʻike ʻia ke kani ponoʻī e ka plasticity liʻiliʻi, palupalu, maʻalahi a i ka manawa like he waiwai, momona, ahi. Ma ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, kani ka leo o ka mea pena a me ka manuahi - ʻo kāna mau memo o luna he nani a me ke kani, ʻo ka papa waena i hoʻohauʻoli ʻia me ka palupalu. A ma ke ʻano hoʻokani o ka mea mele, hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ke ʻano o ka hauʻoli Italia, impulsiveness, cordial openness, ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo he mea ʻē ia iā Björling.

He ʻano ola ʻo ia o nā kuʻuna o ka Italia bel canto a he mele hoʻohiwahiwa ʻo ia i kona nani. ʻO kēlā poʻe hoʻohewa i hoʻonoho iā Björling ma waena o ka pleiad o nā tenor Italian kaulana (e like me Caruso, Gigli a i ʻole Pertile) he mea kūpono loa, nona ka nani o ke oli, ka plasticity o ka ʻepekema kani, a me ke aloha i ka huaʻōlelo legato he mau hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hana. helehelena. ʻOiai ma nā hana o ke ʻano veristic, ʻaʻole i hele hewa ʻo Björling i ke aloha, melodramatic strain, ʻaʻole i hōʻino i ka nani o kahi huaʻōlelo leo me kahi mele mele a i ʻole nā ​​leo hoʻonui. Mai kēia mau mea a pau ʻaʻole ia e hahai i nā mea a pau ʻaʻole ʻo Björling he mele mele. Me ka hoihoi a me ke aloha i kani ai kona leo ma nā hiʻohiʻona nani o nā keaka a Verdi a me nā haku mele o ke kula veristic - inā paha ʻo ia ka hope o Il trovatore a i ʻole ke kahua o Turiddu lāua ʻo Santuzza mai Rural Honor! He mea pena kiʻi ʻo Björling me ka manaʻo i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, ka lokahi o loko o ka mea holoʻokoʻa, a ua lawe mai ka mea mele Suedena kaulana i ka mea hana kiʻi nui, kahi leo moʻolelo koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hana Italia me kāna mau manaʻo kuʻuna.

ʻO ka leo ponoʻī o Björling (a me ka leo o Kirsten Flagstad) he ʻano malu o ka elegiacism māmā, no laila ke ʻano o nā ʻāina ʻākau, ke mele a Grieg a me Sibelius. Ua hāʻawi kēia ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu i kahi hoʻopā kūikawā a me ka ʻuhane i ka cantilena Italia, nā mele mele a Björling i kani ai me ka nani hoʻohihi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Yuhin Jonatan Björling ma Pepeluali 2, 1911 ma Stora Tuna i loko o kahi ʻohana mele. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo David Björling, he mele kaulana kaulana, he puka puka o ka Conservatory Vienna. Ua moe ka makua kāne e lilo kāna mau keiki kāne ʻo Olle, Jussi a me Yesta i mau mele. No laila, ua loaʻa iā Jussi kāna mau haʻawina hīmeni mua mai kona makuakāne. Ua hiki mai ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai ka wahine kāne make mua ʻo David e lawe i kāna mau keikikāne i ke kahua ʻaha mele e hānai i kona ʻohana, a ma ka manawa like e hoʻolauna i nā kāne i ke mele. Ua hoʻonohonoho kona makuakāne i kahi hui leo ʻohana i kapa ʻia ʻo Björling Quartet, kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo Jussi liʻiliʻi i ka ʻāpana soprano.

Hana ʻia kēia mau ʻehā ma nā hale pule, nā hui, nā kula hoʻonaʻauao a puni ka ʻāina. He kula maikaʻi kēia mau ʻahamele no ka poʻe mele o ka wā e hiki mai ana - ua maʻa nā keikikāne mai ka wā liʻiliʻi e noʻonoʻo iā lākou iho he mau mea pena. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, i ka manawa o ka hana ma ka quartet, aia nā leo o kahi ʻōpio ʻeiwa mau makahiki ʻo Jussi, i hana ʻia ma 1920. A hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa mau mai ka makahiki 18.

ʻElua mau makahiki ma mua o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua hana ʻo Jussi a me kona mau kaikunāne i nā hana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻokō i kā lākou moemoeā e lilo i mau mele ʻoihana. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokō ʻo Jussi e komo i ka Royal Academy of Music ma Stockholm, i ka papa o D. Forsel, a laila ke poʻo o ka hale opera.

I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1930, ua hana ʻia ka hana mua a Jussi ma ke kahua o ka Hale ʻOpera Stockholm. Ua hīmeni ka mea mele ʻōpio i ka ʻāpana o Don Ottavio ma ka Mozart's Don Giovanni a ua lanakila nui. Ma ka manawa like, ua hoʻomau ʻo Björling i kāna mau haʻawina ma ke kula ʻo Royal Opera me ke kumu Italia ʻo Tullio Voger. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, lilo ʻo Björling i mea hoʻokani solo me ka Hale ʻOpera Stockholm.

Mai ka makahiki 1933, ua laha ka kaulana o kahi mea mele akamai ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻoikaikaʻia kēia e kāna mau huakaʻi holomua ma Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo, Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Paris, Florence. ʻO ka hoʻokipa hoihoi o ka mea pena Suedena i koi aku i ka luna hoʻokele o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā hana me kona komo ʻana. Ua kono ke alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Arturo Toscanini i ka mea mele i ka Salzburg Festival i ka makahiki 1937, kahi i hana ai ka mea pena i ke kuleana o Don Ottavio.

I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hana maikaʻi ʻo Björling ma USA. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana solo ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Springfield (Massachusetts), nui nā nūpepa i lawe mai i nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka ʻahamele i nā ʻaoʻao mua.

Wahi a nā mea kākau moʻolelo hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua lilo ʻo Björling i ka ʻōpio ʻōpio loa a me ka Metropolitan Opera i hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahi ʻaelike e hoʻokō i nā kuleana alakaʻi. Ma ka lā 24 o Nowemapa, ua hele ʻo Jussi i ke kahua o ka Metropolitan no ka manawa mua, e hana ana i kāna hoʻomaka me ka pāʻina ma ka opera La bohème. A ma ka lā 2 o Dekemaba, hīmeni ka mea pena i ka ʻāpana o Manrico ma Il trovatore. Eia kekahi, e like me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, me ka "nani kūʻokoʻa a me ka nani", i hoʻopio koke i nā ʻAmelika. ʻO ia ka lanakila maoli o Björling.

Ua kākau ʻo VV Timokhin: "Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Björling i kāna hoʻomaka ma ke kahua o ka Covent Garden Theatre ma London i ka makahiki 1939 me ka emi ʻole o ka lanakila, a ua wehe ʻia ka manawa 1940/41 ma Metropolitan me ka pāʻani Un ballo ma maschera, kahi i hīmeni ai ka mea pena i ka ʻāpana o Richard. Ma ke kuʻuna, kono ke alakaʻi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā mele i kaulana loa i ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka wehe ʻana o ke kau. No ka Verdi opera i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻokani hope ʻia ma New York ma kahi o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia aku nei! I ka makahiki 1940, hoʻokani ʻo Björling no ka manawa mua ma ke kahua o ka ʻOpera San Francisco (Un ballo in maschera a me La bohème).

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua kaupalena ʻia nā hana a ka mea mele iā Suedena. I ka makahiki 1941, ua ʻike nā luna Kelemania i nā manaʻo kūʻē i ka fascist o Björling, ua hōʻole iā ia i kahi visa transit ma o Kelemania, pono no ka huakaʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; a laila ua hoʻopau ʻia kāna huakaʻi ma Vienna, ʻoiai ua hōʻole ʻo ia e hīmeni ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia ma "La Boheme" a me "Rigoletto". Ua hana ʻo Björling i nā manawa he nui i nā ʻaha mele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka International Red Cross no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka Nazism, a no laila ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka kaulana a me ka mahalo nui mai nā tausani o ka poʻe hoʻolohe.

He nui ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kamaʻāina i ka hana a ka haku Swedish e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Mai ka makahiki 1938, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā mele Italia ma ka ʻōlelo kumu. Ma hope mai, hīmeni ka mea pena me ke kūʻokoʻa like ʻole ma Italia, Palani, Kelemānia a me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania: i ka manawa like, ʻo ka nani o ka leo, ke akamai leo, ka pololei o ka intonation ʻaʻole ia e kumakaia iā ia. Ma keʻano laulā, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Björling i ka mea hoʻolohe me ke kōkua o kāna leo ʻoi loa i ka timbre a me ka leo maʻalahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaneʻane me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha a me nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena ma ke kahua.

Ua hōʻailona ʻia nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua e ka piʻi hou ʻana o ke kālena koʻikoʻi o ka mea pena, e lawe mai ana iā ia i nā hōʻailona hou o ka ʻike. Hana 'o ia ma nā hale opera nui loa o ka honua, hā'awi i nā 'aha mele he nui.

No laila, i ka makahiki 1945/46, hīmeni ka mea mele ma ka Metropolitan, nā huaka'i ma nā kahua o nā hale opera ma Chicago a me Kapalakiko. A laila no nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālima, hoʻokipa mau kēia mau hale keaka ʻAmelika i ka mea pena kaulana. Ma ka Metropolitan Theatre mai ia manawa, ʻekolu mau kau wale nō i hala me ke komo ʻole ʻana o Björling.

ʻO ka lilo ʻana i mea kaulana, ʻaʻole i haki ʻo Björling, akā naʻe, me kona kūlanakauhale hānau, hoʻomau i ka hana mau ma ke kahua ʻo Stockholm. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻālohilohi wale i kāna papa mele Italia, akā ua hana nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana a nā mea haku mele Suedena, i hoʻokani ʻia ma nā keaka The Bride na T. Rangstrom, Fanal na K. Atterberg, Engelbrecht na N. Berg.

ʻO ka nani a me ka ikaika o kāna lyrical-dramatic tenor, ka maʻemaʻe o ka intonation, ka ʻōlelo akaka a me ka haʻi ʻole ʻana i nā ʻōlelo ʻeono i lilo maoli i kaʻao. Ma waena o nā hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mea pena kiʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ia nā kuleana i loko o nā opera o ka repertoire Italia - mai ka papa mele a hiki i nā verists: The Barber of Seville and William Tell by Rossini; "Rigoletto", "La Traviata", "Aida", "Trovatore" na Verdi; "Tosca", "Cio-Cio-San", "Turandot" na Puccini; ʻO "Clowns" na Leoncavallo; Mascagni Hanohano kuaaina. Akā me kēia, ʻo ia a me Belmont maikaʻi loa ma The Abduction from the Seraglio and Tamino in The Magic Flute, Florestan in Fidelio, Lensky and Vladimir Igorevich, Faust in Gounod's opera. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ua like ka laulā o Björling me ka laulā o kona leo ikaika. I loko o kāna repertoire aia ma mua o kanahā mau ʻāpana opera, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo he nui. I nā ʻaha mele, hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Jussi Björling me kona mau kaikunāne, a ua lilo i mau mea pena kaulana loa, a i kekahi manawa me kāna wahine, ka mea mele akamai ʻo Anne-Lisa Berg.

Ua pau ka ʻoihana maikaʻi o Björling i kona zenith. Ua hoʻomaka mua nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka waena o 50s, akā ua hoʻāʻo ka mea pena e ʻike ʻole iā lākou. I Malaki 1960, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai i ka wā o ka hana La bohème ma Lākana; ua hoopauia ka hoikeike. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻōla hou, ua kū hou ʻo Jussi ma ke kahua he hapalua hola ma hope a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka opera ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ovation kū mua ʻole.

Ua koi nā kauka i ka mālama lōʻihi. Ua hōʻole ʻo Björling e hoʻomaha, i Iune o ia makahiki hoʻokahi i hana ʻo ia i kāna hoʻopaʻa leo hope loa - Verdi's Requiem.

Ma ka lā 9 o ʻAukake, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi ʻahamele ma Gothenburg, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana hope loa a ka mea mele nui. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Arias mai Lohengrin, Onegin, Manon Lesko, nā mele a Alven a me Sibelius. Ua make ʻo Björling i ʻelima pule ma hope o Kepakemapa 1960, XNUMX.

ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka mea mele ka manawa e hoʻokō ai i kāna mau hoʻolālā. Aia i ka hāʻule, ua hoʻolālā ka mea pena e komo i ka hana hou o ka opera a Puccini Manon Lescaut ma ke kahua o ka Metropolitan. Ma ke kapikala o Italia, e hoʻopau ana ʻo ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāpana o Richard ma Un ballo in maschera. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāpana o Romeo ma ka opera a Gounod.