Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |

ʻO Boris Khaikin

People's Artist o ka USSR (1972). ʻO Khaikin kekahi o nā alakaʻi keaka Soviet kaulana loa. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi o kāna hana hoʻomohala, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hale keaka mele maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina.

Ma hope koke iho o kona puka 'ana mai ka Moscow Conservatory (1928), kahi āna i a'o ai i ke alaka'i 'ana me K. Saradzhev, a me ka piano me A. Gedike, ua komo 'o Khaikin i ka Stanislavsky Opera Theatre. I kēia manawa, ua hana mua ʻo ia i kāna mau ʻanuʻu mua ma ke kahua o ka alakaʻi, ua hoʻopau i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a N. Golovanov (papa opera) a me V. Suk (papa orchestral).

I kona wā'ōpiopio, ua ho'oikaika ke ola i ke alaka'i e kū'ē i kahi haku ko'iko'i e like me KS Stanislavsky. Ma nā ʻano he nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu hoʻomohala a Khaikin ma lalo o kāna mana. Me Stanislavsky, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia i nā premieres o The Barber of Seville a me Carmen.

Ua ʻike ʻia ke kālena o Khaikin me ka ikaika loa i kona neʻe ʻana i Leningrad i ka makahiki 1936, ua pani iā ​​​​S. Samosud ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi noʻeau a me ka alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Maly Opera Theatre. Ma ʻaneʻi ua loaʻa iā ia ka hanohano e mālama a hoʻomohala i nā moʻomeheu o kona mua. A ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kēia hana, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana ma ka repertoire maʻamau me ka hoʻolaha ikaika ʻana i nā hana a nā mea haku mele Soviet ("Virgin Soil Upturned" na I. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" na D. Kabalevsky, "Mother" na V. Zhelobinsky, " Kipi” na L. Khodja-Einatov).

Mai ka makahiki 1943, ʻo Khaikin ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui a me ka luna hoʻokele no ka Opera a me Ballet Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope o SM Kirov. Maanei pono e hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia nā pilina hana o ka mea alakaʻi me S. Prokofiev. I ka makahiki 1946, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia iā Duenna (Betrothal in a Monastery), a ma hope mai ua hana ʻo ia ma ka opera The Tale of a Real Man (ʻaʻole i hoʻokani ʻia ka hana; ua pani ʻia kahi hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lā 3 Dekemaba, 1948). No nā hana hou a nā mea kākau Soviet, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Khaikin i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni "The Family of Taras" na D. Kabalevsky, "The Prince-Lake" na I. Dzerzhinsky. ʻO nā hana o ka Russian classical repertoire - The Maid of Orleans na Tchaikovsky, Boris Godunov a me Khovanshchina na Mussorgsky - ua lilo i mau lanakila koʻikoʻi o ka hale keaka. Eia kekahi, ua hana ʻo Khaikin ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ballet (Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker).

ʻO ka pae aʻe o ka hana hoʻomohala a Khaikin e pili ana me ka Bolshoi Theatre o ka USSR, kahi i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia mai ka makahiki 1954. A ma Moscow, ua nānā nui ʻo ia i nā mele Soviet (ka opera "Mother" na T. Khrennikov, " ʻO Jalil" na N. Zhiganov, ka ballet "Forest Song" na G. Zhukovsky). Nui nā hana o ka repertoire o kēia manawa i mālama ʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Khaikin.

"ʻO ke kiʻi hoʻolālā o BE Khaikin," i kākau ai ʻo Leo Ginzburg, "he mea ʻokoʻa loa. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi opera, he haku ʻo ia e hiki ke hoʻohui pū i ke keaka mele me ke keaka. ʻO ka hiki ke hana pū me ka poʻe mele, ka papa mele a me ka orkestra, e hoʻomau a i ka manawa like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā hopena āna i makemake ai, ua hoʻāla mau i ke aloha o nā ensembles nona. ʻO ka ʻono maikaʻi, ka moʻomeheu maikaʻi, ka hoʻokani pila a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano i hana nui i kāna mau hana. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia i kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā hana a ka poʻe Lūkini a me ke Komohana.

Pono ʻo Khaikin e hana ma nā hale keaka haole. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia iā Khovanshchina ma Florence (1963), The Queen of Spades in Leipzig (1964), a alakaʻi iā Eugene Onegin ma Czechoslovakia a me Faust ma Romania. Ua ho'okani 'o Khaykin i waho ma ke 'ano he alaka'i symphony (ma ka home, ua mālama mau 'ia kāna mau 'aha mele ma Moscow a me Leningrad). 'O ka mea nui, ua komo 'o ia i ka huaka'i o ka Leningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra ma Italia (1966).

Ma ka waena o kanakolu, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana aʻo a Professor Khaikin. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna he mau mea pena kaulana e like me K. Kondrashin, E. Tons a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969