Ka nui mele: kona ʻano a me kona mau inoa

I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka nui mele - ka helu helu o ka mika, a me ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā mika like ʻole, akā mua mākou e haʻi hou i ke ʻano o ka pulse, mika, ikaika a nāwaliwali.

Ma ka pukana mua, ua kamaʻilio mua mākou e pili ana i ke kumu o ke mele he pulsation like. Hiki ke ikaika a nawaliwali ke ku'i pu'upu'u, a 'o ka pu'upu'u ikaika a me ka nawaliwali ke 'ano like 'ole, akā ma kekahi 'ano ko'iko'i.

He mooolelo o na mahele ikaika a nawaliwali

ʻO nā kaʻina hoʻololi maʻamau: 1 pā ikaika, 1 nāwaliwali a i ʻole 1 ikaika a 2 nāwaliwali. No ka maʻalahi, helu hou ʻia nā kuʻi pulse (helu ʻia no ka lua-lua a i ʻole ka lua-lua-kolu, e like me ka haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao kino). A ʻo kēlā me kēia hahau ikaika ka mua. Ma muli o ka nui o nā kuʻi nāwaliwali, mālama ʻia ka helu i ʻelua, a i ʻekolu, a i ʻole i kahi waiwai ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka manawa ikaika. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā helu o nā beats (ua kapa ʻia lākou he ʻāpana). mika mele.

Inā paha e paʻi ka puʻupuʻu i nā memo hapahā, e hoʻāʻo kākou e hōʻike i kona kuʻi ʻana ma kahi notation mele mele. Ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei, hōʻike ʻia nā kuʻi āpau o ka pulse e nā memo hapahā. Inā ikaika ka pā, a laila ma lalo o ka memo hōʻailona leo (>), ua like ia me ka hōʻailona makemakika "ʻoi aku ma mua".

Ua kapa ʻia ka manawa mai hoʻokahi iho iho a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa aʻe i ke mele ʻike, ua kaʻawale nā ​​kuʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi i kekahi laina laina. No laila, aia ka laina bar ma mua o ke kuʻi ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia ana hou me ka helu ʻana o "nā" (ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka mua, ikaika ikaika).

He aha nā mika a me nā ana?

He maʻalahi a paʻakikī nā mika a i ʻole nā ​​ana. Simple - ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua a ʻekolu ʻāpana. AKA Nui - ʻo ia nā mea i loaʻa i ʻelua mau mea maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mika homogeneous (no ka laʻana, ʻelua ʻekolu a ʻelua paha pālua) a me nā mika heterogeneous (pālua a hui ʻia ʻekolu).

He aha ka pālākiō mele?

kau inoa manawa ʻo ia ka ʻōlelo helu no ka mika. ʻO ka pūlima manawa e ana i ka piha o nā ana (ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe: ehia mau memo e kūpono i ka ana hoʻokahi, i hoʻokahi "pahu"). Ua kākau pinepine ʻia ka nui ma ke ʻano o nā helu ʻelua, e like me ka hakina makemakika, aia kekahi ma luna o kekahi, aia wale nō me ke kaha ʻole (me ka ʻole o ka hōʻailona mahele). Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mau mea i loko o ke kiʻi:

He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau helu?

helu helu 'ōlelo e pili ana ʻehia ka nui o ke ana, ʻo ia ka nui o ka helu ʻana (hiki i ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā, ʻeono, etc.). Pono e haʻi ʻia ka helu kiʻekiʻe i ka heluhelu ʻana ma ke ʻano he helu ma ka hihia wahine a nominative (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā, ʻelima, etc.)

helu lalo E hoike mai ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia kuʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā memo e pono ai mākou e noʻonoʻo a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopaʻa i ka pulse maʻamau (meka hapaha, memo hapa, memo ewalu, etc.). ʻO ka helu haʻahaʻa i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka pūlima manawa e haʻi ʻia ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he helu, akā ma ke ʻano he inoa o ka lōʻihi mele e pili ana i ka hihia genitive.

Nā laʻana o nā inoa nui pololei: ʻelua hapahā, ʻekolu hapaha, ʻekolu ʻewalu, ʻehā hapaha, ʻeono ʻewalu, ʻekolu kekona (hapalua - eia kahi ʻokoʻa i ka lula), ʻelima hapaha, etc.

Kakau inoa manawa maʻalahi

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā nui mele maʻalahi me kahi mika maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pālua a ʻekolu paha kēia mau nui. Nā laʻana o ka nui maʻalahi: ʻelua kekona, ʻelua hapaha, ʻelua ʻewalu, ʻelua ʻumikumamāono, ʻekolu kekona, ʻekolu hapaha, ʻekolu ʻewalu, ʻekolu ʻumikūmāono, etc.

Nui 2/4 "ʻelua hapahā" - he pūlima manawa kēia i ʻelua mau kuʻi a ua like kēlā me kēia kuʻi me ka hapaha hapaha. Mālama ʻia ka helu "hoʻokahi-a-ʻelua-a." ʻO ia hoʻi, kau ʻia nā memo hapaha ʻelua i kēlā me kēia ana (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku a ʻaʻole emi). Akā ʻo kēia mau helu hapaha, a i ʻole kā lākou huina, hiki ke "kiʻi" me nā lōʻihi like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻelua i ka ʻewalu a i ʻole ʻumikūmāono (hiki ke hoʻohui like ʻia), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā triplets a me nā quintuplets. Hiki iā ʻoe, ma ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale, akā hoʻohui i ʻelua hapaha i ka hapalua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā memo me nā kiko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona e hoʻonui ai i ka lōʻihi o nā memo.

Hiki i nā koho he nui no ke ʻano rhythmic i kahi ana ʻelua hapahā. E ʻike kākou i kekahi o lākou.

Nui 3/4 "ʻekolu hapahā" – ʻekolu mau kuʻi, a ua like kēlā me kēia me ka hapahā hapaha. ʻO ka helu "hoʻokahi-a, ʻelua-a, ʻekolu-a." Hiki ke kelepona ʻia ka huina o ʻekolu hapaha ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Inā, no ka laʻana, hoʻohui ʻoe i nā memo hapaha ʻekolu i hoʻokahi memo, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hapa hapa me kahi kiko - ʻo kēia ka memo lōʻihi loa e hiki ke kākau ʻia i kahi ana me kahi pūlima manawa i hāʻawi ʻia. E ʻike i kekahi mau koho hoʻopiha rhythm no kēia pūlima manawa.

Nui 3/8 "ʻekolu ʻewalu" - me he mea lā he ʻekolu hapahā o kāna ʻāpana ʻekolu, eia wale nō ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia kuʻi ma ʻaneʻi he ʻewalu, ʻaʻole he hapahā. ʻO ka helu "hoʻokahi-ʻelua-ʻekolu". ʻEwalu ka lōʻihi nui, akā hiki ke māhele ʻia i ʻumikumamāono inā pono, a i ʻole e hui pū ʻia i mau ʻāpana (inā pili ʻelua mau ʻewalu) a i ʻole nā ​​hapaha me kahi kiko (pili ʻekolu mau ʻewalu i ka manawa hoʻokahi). Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa maʻamau o ka hoʻopiha rhythmic:

Nā pūlima manawa mele paʻakikī

ʻO nā mika paʻakikī i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i ke mele ʻehā hapaha a me ʻeono ʻewalu. ʻO kēlā me kēia o lākou heʻelua mau mea maʻalahi.

Nui 4/4 "hāhā ʻehā" - he ʻehā mau kuʻi, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia kuʻi he hoʻokahi hapaha nota. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia nui mai ka huina o ʻelua mau mea maʻalahi 2/4, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻelua mau leo ​​- ma ka mahele mua a ma ke kolu. Kapa ʻia ka ʻāpana mua ikaika, a o ke kolu, e like me ka hoomaka ana o ka lua o ka nui maalahi, ua kapaia ʻano ikaikaʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o ka ikaika. Eia hou, e hoʻomaopopo iā mākou i kēlā Hōʻike ʻia ka pūlima manawa 4/4 i kekahi manawa e kahi hōʻailona like me ka leka C (poʻai hāmama).

Ka nui 6/8 "six eights" - he ana ʻeono-beat kēia, ua haku ʻia i ʻelua ʻekolu-beat maʻalahi, hele ka pulsation i nā memo ʻewalu. ʻO ka kuʻi ikaika ka mea mua i loko, a ʻo ka kuʻi ikaika ʻo ka hā (ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūlima manawa maʻalahi ʻelua he 3/8).

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau nui paʻakikī maʻamau, hiki i ka mea mele ke hālāwai me nā mea like me lākou: 4/8, 6/4, 9/8, 12/8. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana paʻakikī a pau e like me ke kumu like. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pūlima manawa 9/8 he ʻekolu ana o 3/8 i hui pū ʻia, ʻo 12/8 ʻehā o nā ana maʻalahi pili like.

huikau nui

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā nui paʻakikī i hui pū ʻia inā ʻaʻole like, akā pili pū nā mea maʻalahi like ʻole, no ka laʻana, ʻelua ʻāpana me kahi ʻekolu ʻāpana. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻehā kū i waho, e hopu pinepine ai i ka maka ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia nā 5/4 a me 5/8, a me 7/4 a me 7/8. I kēlā me kēia manawa, hiki i kahi mea hoʻokani pila ma kahi mika 11/4, akā he mea kakaikahi loa kēia (no ka laʻana, ma ka mele hope "Light and Power" mai ka opera "The Snow Maiden" na NA Rimsky-Korsakov).

Nui 5/4 a me 5/8 ("ʻelima hapaha" a "ʻelima mau ʻewalu") - ʻelima mau kuʻikuʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka loina like, aia wale nō i ka manawa hoʻokahi e hele ai ka pulsation i ka hapahā mau manawa, a ma kekahi - i ʻewalu. No ka mea he paʻakikī kēia mau nui, ʻelua mau mea maʻalahi - ʻelua ʻāpana a ʻekolu ʻāpana. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau nui, ma muli o ke ʻano o nā mea maʻalahi.

No ka laʻana, inā hele mua ka 5/4 i ka 2/4, a laila 3/4, a laila e hāʻule ka paʻi ikaika i ke kolu o ke kuʻi. Akā, inā ma ke ana like, ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻekolu, a ma hope o nā ʻāpana ʻelua, a laila ma kēia hihia, e hāʻule ana kahi kuʻi ikaika i ka hā, no laila e hoʻololi ʻia hoʻokahi leo, a e hoʻololi kēia i ka holoʻokoʻa o loko. hui puolo i ke ana.

I mea e ʻike ai ka mea hoʻokani i ke ʻano o ka pūlima manawa hui ʻia e hana ai ʻo ia, ma nā memo, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūlima manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā bracket i haku ʻia nā mika maʻalahi. E like me ka huina i hōʻike ʻia o ka nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka mea e hele mua mai - 2/4 a i ʻole 3/4. No ka laʻana: 5/4 (2/4 + 3/4) a i ʻole 5/4 (3/4 + 2/4). Hoʻohana like ia i ka nui 5/8.

Nui 7/4 a me 7/8 – ua haku ʻia ʻekolu mau mea maʻalahi, hoʻokahi ʻekolu, a ʻelua ʻāpana ʻelua ʻelua. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā hōʻailona manawa ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mele poʻomanaʻo Lūkini, i kekahi manawa ma nā mele mea kani e nā mea haku mele Lūkini.

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke ana ʻehiku-beat i ke kūlana o ka mika ʻekolu-beat (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana ma ka hoʻomaka a i ka hope paha o ka pā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka waena).

Ua kālailai mākou i nā unahi mele nui. E like me kēlā me kēia ʻoihana, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka loina ma aneʻi, a laila ke hālāwai ʻoe me kahi nui ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ʻoe e nalowale. Eia naʻe, inā he mau mea āu i ʻike ʻole ai, a laila e kākau i kāu mau nīnau ma nā ʻōlelo. Malia paha e kōkua lākou i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i kēia mea.