Stanislav Genrikhovich Neuhaus |

Stanislav Neuhaus

ʻO Stanislav Genrikhovich Neuhaus, ke keiki a kekahi mea hoʻokani pila Soviet koʻikoʻi, ua aloha nui ʻia e ka lehulehu. Ua hoʻopio mau ʻia ʻo ia e ka moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka manaʻo - ʻaʻohe mea āna i hana ai, ʻaʻohe ʻano o kona ʻano. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo o ka waiwai o ka psychological nuance, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike mele, ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea like ʻole iā ia iho; Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻia e pili ana iā ia ʻo kāna pāʻani he kumu hoʻohālike ia o ka "manaʻo virtuosity."

• Piano mele ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele Ozon →

Laki ʻo Neuhaus: mai kona wā liʻiliʻi ua hoʻopuni ʻia ʻo ia e kahi ʻano noʻonoʻo, ua hanu ʻo ia i ka lewa o nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me nā mea akamai. ʻO nā poʻe hoihoi i pili mau iā ia - nā mea pena, nā mea mele, nā mea kākau. ʻO kāna kālena kekahi mea e nānā, kākoʻo, kuhikuhi i ke ala kūpono.

I kekahi manawa, i kona piha ʻana i ʻelima mau makahiki, ua ʻohi ʻo ia i kahi mele mai Prokofiev ma ka piano - ua lohe ʻo ia mai kona makuakāne. Hoʻomaka lākou e hana pū me ia. I ka wā mua, ʻo ke kupuna wahine, ʻo Olga Mikhailovna Neigauz, he kumu piano me nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike, i hana ma ke ʻano he kumu; Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ʻo ia e ke kumu o ke kula mele Gnessin ʻo Valeria Vladimirovna Listova. No Listova, i loko o kāna papa i noho ai ʻo Neuhaus i nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia ma hope me ke ʻano o ka mahalo a me ka mahalo: "He kumu koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ... ma ka ʻenehana”. Uaʻikeʻo Valeria Vladimirovna i kēia aʻaʻole i ho'āʻo e hoʻololi iaʻu. ʻO ia a me aʻu i ʻike i ke mele wale nō - a nani loa… "

Ua aʻo ʻo Neuhaus ma ka Conservatory o Moscow mai ka makahiki 1945. Akā naʻe, ua komo ʻo ia i ka papa o kona makuakāne - ʻo Mecca o ka ʻōpio pianistic o ia mau manawa - ma hope, ʻoiai ʻo ia i ke kolu o kāna makahiki. Ma mua o kēlā, ua hana pūʻo Vladimir Sergeevich Belov me ia.

“I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole manaʻoʻiʻo koʻu makuakāne i koʻu wā e hiki mai ana. Akā, i kona nānā ʻana mai iaʻu i kekahi o nā ahiahi haumāna, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kona manaʻo - i kekahi hihia, lawe ʻo ia iaʻu i kāna papa. He nui kāna mau haumāna, ua paʻa mau ʻo ia i ka hana aʻo. Hoʻomanaʻo wau he pono iaʻu e hoʻolohe i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka pāʻani ʻana iaʻu iho - ʻaʻole i hiki ka laina. Akā ma ke ala, he mea hoihoi loa ke hoʻolohe: ʻike ʻia nā mele hou a me ka manaʻo o ka makuakāne e pili ana i kāna wehewehe ʻana. ʻO kāna mau ʻōlelo a me kāna mau ʻōlelo, i ka poʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia, ua pōmaikaʻi ka papa holoʻokoʻa.

Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike pinepine iā Svyatoslav Richter ma ka hale Neuhaus. Noho ʻo ia i lalo ma ka piano a hoʻomaʻamaʻa me ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana i ke kīpē no nā hola. Ua hele ʻo Stanislav Neuhaus, ka mea ʻike maka a me ka mea hōʻike i kēia hana, i ke ʻano o ke kula piano: paʻakikī ke makemake i kahi kula ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻia nā papa o Richter e ia: "Ua hahau ʻia ʻo Svyatoslav Teofilovich e ka hoʻomanawanui nui i ka hana. E ʻōlelo wau, makemake ʻole ke kanaka. Inā ʻaʻole kūpono kahi wahi iā ia, ua hāʻule ʻo ia ma luna o ia wahi me kona ikaika a me kona makemake a hiki i ka hopena, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka pilikia. No ka poʻe i nānā iā ia mai ka ʻaoʻao, hana mau kēia i kahi manaʻo ikaika ... "

I ka makahiki 1950, hana pinepine ko Neuhaus makua kāne a me kāna keiki ma ke ʻano he piano duet. Ma kā lākou hana hiki ke lohe i ke sonata a Mozart ma D major, ʻo Schumann's Andante me nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo Debussy "White and Black", nā suites a Rachmaninov… makuakāne. Mai kona puka ʻana mai ka conservatory (1953), a ma hope o nā haʻawina postgraduate (XNUMX), ua hoʻokumu mālie ʻo Stanislav Neuhaus iā ia iho ma kahi wahi koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pianists Soviet. Ua hui pū me ia ma hope o ka lehulehu a me nā malihini.

E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ua kokoke ʻo Neuhaus i nā pōʻai o ka poʻe akamai akamai mai ka wā kamaliʻi; Ua noho ʻo ia i nā makahiki he nui i ka ʻohana o ka mea haku mele koʻikoʻi ʻo Boris Pasternak. Ua kani nā mele a puni ia. Makemake ʻo Pasternak e heluhelu iā lākou, a heluhelu pū kāna mau malihini, ʻo Anna Akhmatova a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Malia paha he hopena ka lewa kahi i noho ai ʻo Stanislav Neuhaus, a i ʻole kekahi mau waiwai "immanent" o kona ʻano - ma kekahi hihia, i kona komo ʻana i ke kahua ʻaha mele, ʻike koke ka lehulehu iā ia. E pili ana i kēia, ʻaʻole hoʻi he mea kākau moʻolelo, a he nui mau i waena o kona mau hoa. ("Ua hoʻolohe au i ka poetry mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Malia paha, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, ua hāʻawi nui mai iaʻu ...," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo ia.) ʻO ke ʻano o kāna hale kūʻai - maʻalahi, hopohopo, ʻuhane - kokoke pinepine i ke mele a Chopin, Scriabin. ʻO Neuhaus kekahi o nā Chopinists maikaʻi loa ma ko mākou ʻāina. A e like me ka mea i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā unuhi unuhi o Scriabin.

Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ʻo ia me ka pāʻani pumehana no ka pāʻani ʻana iā Barcarolle, Fantasia, waltzes, nocturnes, mazurkas, Chopin ballads. ʻO nā sonata a me nā mele liʻiliʻi a Scriabin - "Fragility", "Desire", "Riddle", "Weasel in the Dance", preludes mai nā ʻano hana like ʻole, hauʻoli nui i kāna mau ahiahi. “No ka mea, he poema maoli ia” (Andronikov I. I ke mele. – M., 1975. P. 258.), - e like me Irakli Andronikov i hoʻomaopopo pono i ka moʻolelo "Neigauz Again". ʻO Neuhaus ka mea hoʻokani ʻaha mele he ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻolilo iā ia i mea unuhi maikaʻi loa no ka repertoire i kapa ʻia. ʻO ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻike ai i ka ʻōlelo pololei loa i ka huaʻōlelo hana mele.

ʻOiai ʻo Neuhaus e pāʻani ana me he mea lā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana: ʻike ka mea hoʻolohe i ke kahe ola ʻana o ka manaʻo mele o ka mea hoʻokani, ʻaʻole i kāohi ʻia e nā clichés - kona ʻano like ʻole, ka hoihoi ʻole o nā kihi a me nā huli. ʻO ka mea hoʻokani piano, no ka laʻana, piʻi pinepine i ke kahua me Scriabin's Fifth Sonata, me nā etudes (Op. 8 a me 42) na ka mea kākau hoʻokahi, me nā puʻupuʻu a Chopin - i kēlā me kēia manawa he ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia mau hana, ma ke ʻano hou ... Ua ʻike ʻo ia pehea. e pāʻani like ole, kaʻalo ʻana i nā stencils, pāʻani mele a la impromptu - he aha ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi ʻaha mele? Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ma ke ʻano like, me ka manuahi a me ka improvisationally, VV Sofronitsky, ka mea i mahalo nui ʻia e ia, hoʻokani mele ma ke kahua; Ua pāʻani kona makuakāne ponoʻī ma ke kahua hoʻokahi. He mea paʻakikī paha ke kapa ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokani piano kokoke i kēia mau haku ma ke ʻano o ka hana ma mua o Neuhaus Jr.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao i hala aku nei ʻo ke ʻano improvisational, no kāna mau hiʻohiʻona āpau, piha i kekahi mau pilikia. Me nā kūleʻa noʻonoʻo, hiki nō hoʻi nā hana hewa ma ʻaneʻi: ʻaʻole pono ka mea i puka mai i nehinei i kēia lā. Neuhaus - he aha ka mea e hūnā ai? - ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa) i ka fickleness o ka waiwai kiʻi, ua kamaʻāina ʻo ia i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kahua. Hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe maʻamau o nā keʻena ʻaha mele i ka paʻakikī, kokoke i nā kūlana pilikia i kāna mau hana - nā manawa i hoʻomaka ai ke kānāwai kumu o ka hana, i hoʻokumu ʻia e Bach: i mea e pāʻani maikaʻi ai, pono ʻoe e kaomi i ke kī pololei me ka manamana lima ʻākau. ʻO ka manawa kūpono ... Ua loaʻa kēia me Neuhaus a me Chopin's Twenty-fourth Etude , a ma ka C-sharp minor (Op. 42) etude a Scriabin, a me ka G-minor (Op. 23) o Rachmaninov. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani paʻa paʻa, akā—ʻaʻole anei he paradoxical?—ʻo ka nāwaliwali o ka hana a Neuhaus ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani ʻahamele, ʻo kona "māmā" liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i kona ʻano ponoʻī. ʻo ka mea ola wale nō ka pilikia. Aia nā mea hoʻokani piano i kūkulu i nā poloka i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia o ke ʻano mele ma nā mazurkas a Chopin; nā manawa sonic palupalu o Scriabin a i ʻole Debussy - a paʻakikī lākou ma lalo o ko lākou mau manamana lima e like me ke kaʻa paʻa. ʻO ka pāʻani ʻo Neuhaus kahi laʻana o ke ʻano like ʻole. Malia paha, ma kekahi mau ʻano, ua nalowale ʻo ia (ua loaʻa ʻo ia i "nā pohō ʻenehana", ma ka ʻōlelo a nā loiloi), akā lanakila ʻo ia, a ma kahi mea nui. (Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mea hoʻokani pila o Moscow, ua ʻōlelo kekahi o lākou, "Pono ʻoe e ʻae, ʻike ʻo Neuhaus i ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi ..." A liʻiliʻi? kakaikahi ʻike pehea e hana ai ma ka piano. ka mea hiki iaia ke hana. A ʻo ia ka mea nui…”.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Neuhaus ʻaʻole wale no nā clavirabends. Ma keʻano he kumu, ua kōkuaʻo ia i kona makuakāne, mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā makahiki kanaono, ua liloʻo ia i poʻo o kāna papa pono'ī ma ka conservatory. (Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ʻo V. Krainev, V. Kastelsky, B. Angerer.) Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻāina ʻē no ka hana aʻoaʻo, mālama ʻia i nā seminars honua i kapa ʻia ma Italia a me Austria. "ʻO ka maʻamau kēia mau huakaʻi i nā mahina kauwela," wahi āna. "Ma kekahi wahi, ma kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale ʻEulopa, ʻākoakoa nā ʻōpio piano mai nā ʻāina like ʻole. Koho au i kahi hui liʻiliʻi, ma kahi o ʻewalu a ʻumi paha poʻe, mai ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia e pono iaʻu ke nānā aku, a hoʻomaka wau e aʻo pū me lākou. Aia nā mea i koe, e nānā ana i ke kaʻina o ka haʻawina me nā memo ma ko lākou mau lima, e hele ana, e like me kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai, ka hana passive.

I kekahi manawa ua nīnau aku kekahi o ka poʻe hoʻohewa iā ia e pili ana i kona ʻano i ka hoʻonaʻauao. "Makemake au i ke aʻo ʻana," i pane aku ai ʻo Neuhaus. "Makemake au i waena o ka poʻe ʻōpio. ʻOiai… Pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka ikaika nui, nā aʻalolo, ka ikaika i kekahi manawa. ʻIke ʻoe, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻolohe i ka "mele ʻole" ma ka papa. Ke ho'āʻo nei au e hoʻokō i kekahi mea, hoʻokō ... I kekahi manawa hiki ʻole me kēia haumāna. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana he aloha paʻakikī. Akā naʻe, makemake wau e manaʻo mua i kahi mea hoʻokani mele.

ʻO ka naʻauao waiwai o Neuhaus, kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana mele, nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike kahua - ʻo kēia mau mea a pau he waiwai, a nui hoʻi, no nā ʻōpio hana a puni ia. He nui kāna e aʻo ai, nui nā mea e aʻo ai. Malia paha, ʻo ka mea mua, ma ka hana piano kani. He noʻeau āna i ʻike ai i nā mea like.

ʻO ia iho, i kona wā ma ke kahua, he kani piano maikaʻi loa ia: ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao ikaika loa o kāna hana; ʻAʻohe wahi i ʻike ʻia ka ʻano aliʻi o kona ʻano kiʻi me ka maopopo e like me ke kani. ʻAʻole wale ma ka ʻāpana "gula" o kāna repertoire - Chopin a me Scriabin, kahi hiki ʻole ke hana me ka hiki ʻole ke koho i kahi kapa kani nani - akā i kekahi mele āna i wehewehe ai. E hoʻomanaʻo kākou, no ka laʻana, i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka E-flat major a Rachmaninoff (Op. 23) a i ʻole F-minor (Op. 32), nā kiʻi wai piano a Debussy, hoʻokani ʻia e Schubert a me nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā wahi a pau e hoʻokani ʻia ana e ka mea hoʻokani pila me ka nani a me ka hanohano o ka mea kani, ke ʻano palupalu a kokoke ʻole i ka hoʻoluhi ʻole, a me ke kala ʻeleʻele. Ma nā wahi a pau āu e ʻike ai aloha (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe) ke ʻano o ke kīpē: ʻo ka poʻe makemake maoli i ka piano, kona leo kumu a kū hoʻokahi, e hoʻokani mele i kēia ala. He kakaikahi wale na mea hookani piano e hoike mai ana i ke ano maikai o ka leo ma ka lakou mau hana; he kakaikahi ka poe hoolohe wale i ka mea kani. A ʻaʻole nui nā mea pena kiʻi me kahi kala kala o ka leo i loaʻa iā lākou wale nō. (Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo nā Piano Masters - a ʻo lākou wale nō! - he ʻano leo ʻokoʻa, e like me nā kukui ʻokoʻa, ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kala o nā mea pena kiʻi nui.) Ua loaʻa iā Neuhaus kāna piano kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau me kekahi.

… ʻIke ʻia kekahi kiʻi paradoxical i kekahi manawa ma ke keʻena ʻaha mele: he mea hoʻokani i loaʻa nā makana he nui ma nā hoʻokūkū honua i kona wā, ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻolohe hoihoi me ka pilikia; i nā hana a kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā regalia, nā kūlana a me nā poʻo inoa, piha mau ka hale. (Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou he ʻoiaʻiʻo: aia nā kānāwai ponoʻī o nā hoʻokūkū, loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻaha mele ko lākou ponoʻī.) ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā Neuhaus kahi manawa e lanakila ai i nā hoʻokūkū me kona mau hoa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka wahi āna i noho ai i ke ola philharmonic i hāʻawi iā ia i kahi pōmaikaʻi ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā mea hoʻokūkū akamai. Ua kaulana ʻo ia, ua nīnau ʻia nā tiketi no kāna clavirabends i kekahi manawa ma kahi mamao loa i nā keʻena kahi āna i hana ai. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea a kēlā me kēia mea pena kiʻi huakaʻi e moeʻuhane ai: kona anaina. Me he mea lā, ma waho aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻōlelo mua ʻia - ʻo ka mele mele, ka nani, ka naʻauao o Neuhaus ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila - he mea ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻāla i ke aloha o ka poʻe iā ia. ʻO ia, e like me ka hiki ke hoʻokolokolo mai waho, ʻaʻole hopohopo nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka kūleʻa ...

Hoʻomaopopo koke ka mea hoʻolohe koʻikoʻi i kēia (ka mea ʻono o ka mea pena, stage altruism) - ʻoiai lākou e ʻike ai, a koke, nā hōʻike o ka vanity, posture, stage self-display. ʻAʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻo Neuhaus i nā kumu āpau e ʻoluʻolu i ka lehulehu. (Ua kākau maikaʻi ʻo I. Andronikov: "Ma ke keʻena nui, noho ʻo Stanislav Neuhaus me he mea lā me ka mea kani a me ke mele. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe mea i loko o ka hale. pilikino hohonu…” (Andronikov I. I ke mele. S. 258)) ʻAʻole kēia i hoʻomaʻemaʻe coquetry a i ʻole hoʻokipa ʻoihana - he waiwai kēia o kona ʻano, ʻano. ʻO ia paha ke kumu nui o kona kaulana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. "… ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka i hoʻokau ʻia ma luna o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kanaka," i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ka mea psychologist Stanislavsky, e unuhi ana mai kēia "i ka manawa e pau ai ka helu ʻana o ka mea keaka me ka lehulehu i loko o ke keʻena, ʻo ia. hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele aku iā ia (Stanislavsky KS Sobr. soch. T. 5. S. 496. T. 1. S. 301-302.). Mahalo i nā mele, a ma ia wale nō, ʻaʻohe manawa o Neuhaus no ka hopohopo no ka holomua. ʻOi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i hele mai iā ia.

G. Tsypin