Polytonality |

mai ka Helene polus - nui a me tonality

ʻO kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka hōʻike tonal, kahi ʻōnaehana hui (akā hoʻokahi) o nā pilina pitch, hoʻohana nui ʻia. i ke mele hou. P. - "ʻaʻole ka huina o kekahi mau kī ... akā ʻo kā lākou hui paʻakikī, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kūlana modal hou - kahi ʻōnaehana modal e pili ana i ka polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). Hiki iā P. ke lawe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā chords multi-tonal (chord P.), multi-tonal melodic. nā laina (melodic. P.) a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mele a me nā mele. laina (hui P.). Ma waho, ʻike ʻia ʻo P. i kekahi manawa me kahi superposition o nā substructure tonally disparate ma luna o kekahi i kekahi (e nānā i ka laʻana ma lalo).

P., ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he kikowaena hoʻokahi ("politonic", e like me Paisov), ʻaʻole ia he monolithic (e like me ke kī maʻamau), akā he nui, polyharmonically stratified (e ʻike i ka Polyharmony). Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana ("subtonic", e like me Paisov) e like me nā tonics o nā kī maʻalahi, diatonic (ma ia mau hihia, ʻo P. he "pseudochromatic" holoʻokoʻa, e like me VG Karatygin; e ʻike i ka Polyladovost).

SS Prokofiev. "Sarcasms", No 3.

ʻO ke kumu maʻamau no ka puka ʻana o P. he mea paʻakikī (dissonant and chromatic) modal structure, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ke ʻano tertian o nā chords (ʻoi loa ma ka pae o nā subchords). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona polytonic mai Prokofiev's "Sarcasms" - ka polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - he kikowaena paʻakikī hoʻokahi o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole ʻelua mau mea maʻalahi, kahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻoheheʻe mākou. ia (triads b-moll and fis-moll); no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi kī maʻamau (b-moll), a i ʻole i ka huina ʻelua (b-moll + fis-moll). (E like me ka like ʻole o nā mea olaola i ka huina o kona mau ʻāpana, ua hui ʻia ka consonance o nā substructure multi-tonal i kahi macrosystem ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia i ka hui like ʻana o ʻelua mau kī: "synthesis i ka wā hoʻolohe", nā leo polytonal "ua kala ʻia i hoʻokahi kī nui" - Ma V. Asafiev, 1925; no laila, ʻaʻole pono e kapa ʻia kēlā macrosystem ma ka inoa o kahi monotonality kahiko, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka inoa o ʻelua a mau monotonities kahiko, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia. e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka pāʻani a Prokofiev - ʻike i ke ʻano mele - ua kākau ʻia ma b-moll.)

E pili ana i ka manaʻo o P. nā manaʻo o polymode, polychord, polyharmony (ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou e like me ma waena o nā manaʻo kumu: tonality, mode, chord, harmoni). ʻO ka hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hele ʻana o P. e like me ka manawa like. ʻokoʻa hoʻolaha. ʻO ke kūlana, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou e ka consonance hoʻokahi (a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana me ka ʻole o nā hoʻololi harmonic), akā ma o ka hahai ʻana i ka hana (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā manaʻo o "poly-mode", "poly-chord" a me "polyharmony" me P. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā manaʻo o ka poly-mode a i ʻole poly-chord me P. hāʻawi pinepine i kahi theoretical hewa. ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻikepili ʻike: e laʻa, lawe ʻia ka leo o ka chord ma ke ʻano nui. ʻo ka leo (tonic) o ke kī a i ʻole, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o C-dur a me Fis-dur ma ke ʻano he mau mele (e ʻike i ke kumumanaʻo o Petrushka mai ka ballet o ka inoa like e IF Stravinsky, kahi hiʻohiʻona mele ma ka strip 329) lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui pū ʻana o C-dur a me Fis-dur ma ke ʻano he kī (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua kuhi hewa ʻia nā chords e ka huaʻōlelo "tonality"; ua hana ʻia kēia kuhi hewa, no ka laʻana, e D. Millau, 1923). No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o P. i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka puke moʻolelo, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike maoli. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i nā papa harmonics mai kahi pōʻaiapili tonal paʻakikī e hāʻawi i nā hopena like (hewa) e like me ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻano leo o kēlā me kēia leo i loko o kahi fugue mai kahi pōʻaiapili tonal maʻalahi (e laʻa, bass i ka b-moll fugue stretta na Bach, The Well- ʻO Tempered Clavier, 2nd volume, bars 33 -37 ma ke ʻano Locrian).

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā prototypes o polystructures (P.) ma kekahi mau laʻana o ka nar. mele (eg sutartines). I Europa polyphony he mua preform o P. - modal elua-layered (hope hapaha o ka 13th - mua Quarter o ka 15th kenekulia) me ka 'ano "Gothic cadence" o ke 'ano:

cis — d gis — ae – d (see Cadence).

Ua ʻae ʻo Glarean i ka Dodecachord (1547) i ka manawa like. hui pū ʻia e nā leo like ʻole. ʻeha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana o P. (1544) - "Hulahula Iudaio" na X. Neusiedler (i loko o ka puke "Denkmäler der Tonkunst ma Österreich", Bd 37) - ma kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole ia e pani i ka P., akā polyscale. Ma ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ka "polytonally" mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka polychord wahaheʻe i ka hopena. nā pahu o "A Musical Joke" na WA ​​Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):

I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hanana i ʻike ʻia ʻo P. ma ke mele o ke kenekulia 19. (MP Mussorgsky, Nā kiʻi ma kahi Hōʻikeʻike, "ʻElua Iudaio"; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 16th hoʻololi mai "Paraphrase" - ma kahi kumuhana i hāpai ʻia e AP Borodin). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i kapa ʻia ʻo P. ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky a me nā mea'ē aʻe).

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