Francis Poulenc |

Palani Poulenc

ʻO kaʻu mele koʻu kiʻi. F. Poulenc

ʻO F. Poulenc kekahi o nā mea haku mele maikaʻi loa i hāʻawi ʻia e Farani i ka honua i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua komoʻo ia i ka moʻolelo o ke mele ma keʻano he lālā o ka hui hana "Six". I loko o ka "Eono" - ka muli loa, hiki ole i ka paepae o iwakālua makahiki - ua lanakila koke 'o ia i ka mana a me ke aloha o ke ao holoʻokoʻa me kona talena - kumu, ola, spontaneous, a me ka purely kanaka 'ano - pau ole ka haʻaka, lokomaikaʻi a me ka oiaio, a ʻO ka mea nui loa - ka hiki ke hāʻawi aku i nā kānaka me kāna hoaaloha kupaianaha. "ʻO Francis Poulenc ka mele ponoʻī," i kākau ai ʻo D. Milhaud e pili ana iā ia, "ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i kekahi mele ʻē aʻe e hana pololei ana, e hōʻike wale ʻia a hiki i ka pahuhopu me ka hala ʻole like."

Ua hānau ʻia ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea hana nui. ʻO ka makuahine - he mea hoʻokani pila maikaʻi loa -ʻo ia ke kumu mua o Francis, ua hāʻawiʻo ia i kāna keiki i kona aloha palenaʻole i ke mele, mahalo iā WA Mozart, R. Schumann, F. Schubert, F. Chopin. Mai ka makahiki 15, ua hoʻomau ʻia kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo R. Vignes a me ka mea haku mele ʻo C. Kequelin, nāna i hoʻolauna i ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hana o kēia wā, i ka hana a C. Debussy, M. Ravel, a me ka nā kiʻi hou o nā'ōpiopio - I. Stravinsky a me E. Sati. Ua hui pū ka ʻōpio o Poulenc me nā makahiki o ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka pūʻali koa, ka mea i pale iā ia mai ke komo ʻana i ka conservatory. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Poulenc ma ke kahua mele ma Palisa. I ka makahiki 1917, ua hoʻomaka ka haku mele he ʻumikūmāwalu makahiki ma kekahi o nā ʻaha mele hou "Negro Rhapsody" no ka baritone a me nā mea kani. He kūleʻa nui kēia hana i lilo koke ai ʻo Poulenc i mea kaulana. Ua kamaʻilio lākou no ia.

Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka kūleʻa, ʻo Poulenc, ma hope o ka "Negro Rhapsody", hana i nā pōkā leo "Bestiary" (ma ka st. G. Apollinaire), "Cockades" (ma ka st. J. Cocteau); nā ʻāpana piano "Perpetual Motions", "Walks"; concerto choreographic no ka piano a me ka orkestra "Morning Serenade"; ballet me ke mele ʻo Lani, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1924 ma ka ʻoihana a S. Diaghilev. Ua pane aku ʻo Milhaud i kēia hana me kahi ʻatikala hoihoi: “ʻO ke mele a Laney ka mea āu e manaʻo ai mai kāna mea kākau… Ua kākau ʻia kēia ballet ma ke ʻano o kahi hui hula… , a ʻo mākou wale nō nā hana a Poulenc e hāʻawi manawaleʻa nei ... ʻO ka waiwai o kēia mele ke hoʻomau nei, ʻaʻole e hoʻopā ka manawa iā ia, a mau loa ia i kona ʻano hou a me kona ʻano ʻōpio.

I nā hana mua a Poulenc, ua ʻike mua ʻia nā mea koʻikoʻi o kona ʻano, ʻono, ʻano hana, kahi kala kala Parisian kūikawā o kāna mele, kona pilina pili ʻole me ka chanson Parisian. ʻO B. Asafiev, e hōʻike ana i kēia mau hana, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka "mālamalama ... a me ke ola o ka noʻonoʻo, ka puʻupuʻu ikaika, ka nānā pono ʻana, ka maʻemaʻe o ke kaha kiʻi, conciseness - a me ka paʻa o ka hōʻike."

I nā makahiki he 30, ulu aʻela ke kālena mele o ka mea haku mele. Hana ʻo ia i nā ʻano mele leo: kākau ʻo ia i nā mele, cantatas, choral cycles. Ma ke kanaka o Pierre Bernac, ua loa'a i ka haku mele kekahi mea unuhi akamai i kāna mau mele. Me ia ma ke ʻano he piano, ua mākaʻikaʻi nui ʻo ia i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika no nā makahiki he 20. ʻO ka hoihoi nui o nā mele mele a Poulenc ma nā kikokikona ʻuhane: Mass, "Litaries to the black Rocamadour Mother of God", ʻEhā mau mote no ka manawa mihi. Ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 50, ua hana ʻia ʻo Stabat mater, Gloria, ʻEhā mau mote Kalikimaka. He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o nā haku mele a pau, hōʻike lākou i nā kuʻuna o nā mele mele Farani o nā ʻano like ʻole - mai Guillaume de Machaux a G. Berlioz.

Hoʻohana ʻo Poulenc i nā makahiki o ke Kaua Honua II ma Paris i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ma kona hale ʻāina ma Noise, e kaʻana like me kona mau hoa pili i nā pilikia āpau o ke ola koa, e ʻeha nui ana no ka hopena o kona ʻāina hānau, kona poʻe, ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha. ʻO nā manaʻo kaumaha a me nā manaʻo o ia manawa, akā ʻo ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka lanakila, i ke kūʻokoʻa, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka cantata "The Face of a Man" no ka papa mele pālua a cappella i nā pauku e P. Eluard. Ua kākau ka haku mele o ka French Resistance, ʻo Eluard, i kāna mau mele i loko o ka hohonu hohonu, kahi āna i hoʻopio malu ai iā lākou ma lalo o kahi inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo Poulenc. Ua hūnā pū ka haku mele i ka hana o ka cantata a me kāna hoʻolaha ʻana. Iloko o ke kaua, he hana wiwo ole keia. ʻAʻole ia he mea pōʻino i ka lā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Paris a me nā wahi e pili ana, ua hōʻike haʻaheo ʻo Poulenc i ka helu o The Human Face ma ka puka aniani o kona hale e pili ana i ka hae aupuni. ʻO ka haku mele ma ke ʻano keaka i hōʻike ʻia he haku-keaka koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka opera mua, The Breasts of Theresa (1944, to the text of the farce by G. Apollinaire) – he leʻaleʻa ʻoliʻoli, māmā a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - hōʻike i ka makemake o Poulenc no ka hoʻohenehene, hoʻohenehene, a me ka eccentricity. He ʻano ʻē aʻe ka opera hope. He mau keaka kēia me ka hoʻomohala hoʻonaʻauao hohonu.

"Dialogues of the Carmelites" (libre. J. Bernanos, 1953) e hōʻike ana i ka moʻolelo pōʻino o ka make ʻana o ka poʻe noho o ka hale mōneka Carmelite i ka wā o ka Great French Revolution, ko lākou make ʻana i ka heroic ma ka inoa o ka manaʻoʻiʻo. ʻO "The Voice Human" (e pili ana i ka pāʻani a J. Cocteau, 1958) he monodrama lyrical kahi e kani ai ka leo kanaka ola a haʻalulu - ka leo o ka iini a me ka mehameha, ka leo o ka wahine haʻalele. ʻO nā hana a pau a Poulenc, ua lawe mai kēia opera iā ia i mea kaulana loa ma ka honua. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻaoʻao mālamalama o ke kālena o ka haku mele. He haku mele kēia i hoʻokumu ʻia me ke kanaka hohonu, nā mele maʻalahi. Ua hana ʻia nā opera 3 a pau ma muli o ke kālena kupaianaha o ka mea mele a me ka mea hoʻokani Palani ʻo D. Duval, ka mea i lilo i mea hoʻokani mua ma kēia mau keaka.

Hoʻopau ʻo Poulenc i kāna ʻoihana me 2 sonatas - ʻo ka Sonata no ka oboe a me ka piano i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā S. Prokofiev, a me ka Sonata no ka clarinet a me ka piano i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā A. Honegger. Ua ʻoki koke ka make ʻana i ke ola o ka mea haku mele i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka haku mele, ma waena o nā huakaʻi ʻahamele.

ʻO ka hoʻoilina o ka haku mele he 150 mau hana. Loaʻa i kāna mele leo ka waiwai nui loa - nā opera, cantatas, choral cycles, nā mele, ka mea maikaʻi loa i kākau ʻia i nā pauku o P. Eluard. Ma kēia mau ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ai ka makana lokomaikaʻi o Poulenc ma ke ʻano he mele mele. ʻO kāna mau mele, e like me nā mele a Mozart, Schubert, Chopin, e hui pū me ka maʻalahi o ka maʻalahi, ka maʻalahi a me ka hohonu o ka naʻau, e lilo i hōʻike o ka ʻuhane kanaka. ʻO ia ke mele mele i hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka kūleʻa mau a mau loa o nā mele a Poulenc ma Farani a ma waho.

L. Kokoreva

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