François Joseph Gossec |

Francois Joseph Gossec

ʻO ke kipi bourgeois Farani o ke kenekulia XNUMX. "Uaʻike au ma ke mele i kahi hui kaiaulu nui" (B. Asafiev), hiki ke hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka noʻonoʻo a me nā hana a nā kānaka a me nā lehulehu holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila i kauoha i ka manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o kēia mau lehulehu ʻo F. Gossec. ʻO ka haku mele a me ka mea hana keaka o ka Revolution, ʻo MJ Chenier, ke kamaʻilio nei iā ia ma ka mele On the Power of Music: "Harmonious Gossek, i ka wā i ʻike ai kāu lira kanikau i ka pahu o ka mea kākau Meropa" (Voltaire. SR), "ma kahi lōʻihi, i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele weliweli, ua lohe ʻia ke kani ʻana o nā trombone hoʻolewa, ka halulu ʻana o nā pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka uwē ʻana o ka gong Kina."

ʻO kekahi o nā mele mele nui loa a me ka lehulehu, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Gossec i kona ola mamao loa mai nā kikowaena moʻomeheu o ʻEulopa, i loko o kahi ʻohana mahiʻai ʻilihune. Ua komo 'o ia i ke mele ma ke kula himeni ma ka Hale Pule Nui o Antwerp. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku, aia ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio ma Paris, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia kahi kahu, ka mea haku mele Farani koʻikoʻi ʻo JF Rameau. I loko o nā makahiki 3 wale nō, alakaʻi ʻo Gossec i kekahi o nā mele mele maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa (ka hale pule o ka mea mahiʻai nui ʻo La Pupliner), āna i alakaʻi ai no ʻewalu mau makahiki (1754-62). I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻoia ka ikaika, ka ʻoihana a me ka mana o ke Kākau'ōlelo Moku'āina i kāna lawelawe ma nā hale pule o nā aliʻi Conti a me Conde. I ka makahiki 1770, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i ka hui Amateur Concerts, a i ka makahiki 1773 ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka hui Sacred Concerts, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1725, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kumu a me ka haku mele ma ka Royal Academy of Music (ka Grand Opera e hiki mai ana). Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka poʻe leo leo Farani, ua koi ʻia kahi hoʻoponopono o ka hoʻonaʻauao mele, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Gossec i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke Kula Aliʻi o ka hīmeni a me ka heluhelu ʻana. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1784, i ka makahiki 1793 ua ulu ʻo ia i National Music Institute, a ma 1795 i kahi conservatory, kahi i noho ai ʻo Gossek i kumu aʻo a alakaʻi alakaʻi a hiki i ka makahiki 1816. Me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻo ia ma nā puke aʻo e pili ana i nā mele mele a me nā aʻo ʻana. I loko o nā makahiki o ka Revolution and the Empire, ua hauʻoli ʻo Gossec i ka hanohano nui, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka mea haku mele repubalika kanawalu makahiki mai ka hana ma ka conservatory a mai nā hana kaiaulu.

He ākea loa ka laulā o nā manaʻo hoʻomohala o ke Kākau'ōlelo Moku'āina. Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā keaka mele a me nā mele mele, nā baleta a me nā mele no nā hana keaka, nā oratorio a me nā lehulehu (me kahi requiem, 1760). ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna hoʻoilina, ʻo ia ke mele no nā hana a me nā ʻoliʻoli o ka French Revolution, a me nā mele mea kani (60 symphonies, approx. 50 quartets, trios, overtures). ʻO kekahi o nā haku mele Farani nui loa o ke kenekulia 14, ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Gossec e kona mau hoa no kona hiki ke hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona aupuni Farani i kahi hana orchestral: hula, mele, arioznost. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i kapa pinepine ʻia ai ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka symphony Farani. Akā ʻo ka nani ʻole o Gossek i loko o kāna mele kipi-ʻāina nui. ʻO ka mea kākau o ka "Song of July 200", ka papa mele "Awake, people!", "Hymn to Freedom", "Te Deum" (no nā mea hoʻokani XNUMX), ka March Funeral kaulana (i lilo i prototype o nā huakaʻi hoʻolewa i ka symphonic a me. nā mea hana a nā mea haku mele o ke kenekulia XNUMX), ua hoʻohana ʻo Gossek i ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā leo hoʻolohe ākea, nā kiʻi mele. ʻO kā lākou ʻōlinolino a me ka mea hou i mālama ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā lākou i ka hana a nā mea haku mele he nui o ke kenekulia XNUMX - mai Beethoven a Berlioz a me Verdi.

S. Rytsarev