Ka leo kumu |
Ka leo nui – ka leo mana i loko o kekahi pūʻulu kani, kekahi o nā ʻano kikowaena. ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana kani e pili ana. E hoʻokaʻawale i waena o O. t. waena, chord, tonality (tonic melodic mode), ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa, a me O. t. unahi maoli. O. t. he kākoʻo, he abutment, he wahi hoʻomaka.
O. t. waena - kona leo nui, e hoʻokau i kahi leo ʻē aʻe. Wahi a P. Hindemith (1937), ʻo ke kūlana pili o nā leo hui like ʻole e hōʻike ana i kēia O. t. i nā wā āpau:
O. t. ʻO kahi chord kona leo nui, e like me Krom ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka ladotonality. Wahi a JF Rameau (1722), ʻo ka Ot o ke kolu chord kona "harmonic center" (centre harmonique), e hoʻohui i nā pilina ma waena o nā leo o ka chord. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka basse-continue kani maoli, kūkulu ʻo Rameau i kahi ʻē aʻe - basse-fondamentale, ʻo ia kahi kaʻina o O. t. chords:
ʻO ka bass kumu ka ʻepekema mua. ka hoʻokūpaʻa ʻana o ka harmonics. tonality. I ka wehewehe ʻana i ka O. t. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu ʻano facd ma C-dur, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Rameau i ke kumumanaʻo o ka "pālua noi" (double emploi): inā e hele hou ka chord i ka gghd, ʻo kona O. t. ʻo ia ke kani d, inā ma c -gce, a laila f. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ke kuʻikahi (GJ Fogler, 1800; G. Weber, 1817; PI Tchaikovsky, 1872; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 1884-85; G. Schenker, 1906, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. no ka O. t. ka leo haʻahaʻa o kahi chord i hoʻemi ʻia i ke kumu nui. vidu - he pūʻulu hapakolu; ma kēlā me kēia leo o ka unahi e like me osn. leo, triads a me ka hiku chords (a me ka ole-chords). Ma ke kumumanaʻo hana o X. Riemann, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o O. t. a me ka prima o ka chord (ma ka nui chord, like ia mau mea, ma ka mea uuku, aole lakou; no ka laʻana, i ka ace O. t. – kani a, aka prima – e ). Hoʻopuka ʻo P. Hindemith i kahi manaʻo hou o ka OT, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka manawa ikaika loa a maopopo loa no ka ʻike (no ka laʻana, inā loaʻa ka hapalima o kahi chord, lilo kona OT i OT o ka chord holoʻokoʻa; inā ʻaʻole ka hapalima, aka, he hapaha, ua hanaia ka hana o ka O. t. e kona O. t., etc.). ʻO ka manaʻo o O. t. Hiki iā Hindemith ke nānā i nā consonances o kēia wā. mele, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka manaʻo mua a no laila ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mele:
Hoʻohana ʻia i ke kenekulia 20. nā ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana a O. o t. ʻokoʻa maoli kekahi i kekahi. No ka laʻana, ma ka chord des-f-as-h (ma C-dur, e ʻike i ka laʻana): e like me ka ʻōnaehana ʻanuʻu maʻamau i ka lokahi kula O. t. – ke kani h; e like me ke ʻano Hindemith - des (ka mea maopopo loa i ka pepeiao); e like me ka manaʻo hana o Riemann - g (ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i ka chord, ʻo ia ke kani nui o ka hana mana.
O. t. tonality (mode) - ke kani nui, ka ʻanuʻu mua o ka unahi modal.
I ka pālākiō kūlohelohe - ka leo haʻahaʻa, ʻokoʻa i nā overtones i loaʻa ma luna o ia (ʻoiaʻiʻo overtones).
E hoʻomaopopo ': Tchaikovsky PI. Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1872-1884; ʻo kāna ponoʻī, Practical text book of harmony, St. Petersburg, 85 (the same, Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1886); Papa hana kuikahi, mahele 1960-1, M., 2-1934; Rameau J.-Ph., Traité de l'harmonie reduite a ses principes naturels, P., 35; Weber G., Versuch einer geordneten Theorie der Tonsetzkunst, Bd 1722-1, Mainz, 3-1817; Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L. - NY, (1821) nona iho, Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1893 (Unuhi Lusia o Riamann G., System. hoʻololi i ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana o nā ʻano mele, M. - Leipzig, 1901, 1887); Hindemith R., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, TI. 1898, Mainz, 1929.
ʻO Yu. H. Kholopov
