Mele pila |
ʻO ka pīʻāpā mele – ka manaʻo ʻōlelo Lūkini kahiko. nā haʻawina (ʻo ka inoa "alphabet" i hoʻomaka e hoʻohana iā lākou i ka makahiki 18 wale nō). ʻO ka mea mua loa o lākou mai ka 15th century. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o nā puke hīmeni, e noho ana i 2-3 ʻaoʻao i ka quarto. ʻO ka A. m. ua kaupalena ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā hōʻailona hīmeni - nā hae (e ʻike. Znamenny chant). I ke kenekulia 16, i loko o kekahi mau puke, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka "wehewehe ʻana o ka hae" i ka papa inoa, ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana o "pehea ia e mele ʻia ai" a me ka hāʻawi ʻana "e like me nā leo" (e ʻike iā Osmoglasie). Hāʻawi pū ʻia nā mea kūpono i ka A. m., ʻo ia hoʻi, melodic. nā palapala i kākau ʻia me ke kōkua o kahi hui kūikawā, "pani ʻia" o nā hōʻailona o Znamenny kākau. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Fits ma ke ʻano he leo, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo mele, ka hanu ʻana, a me nā mākaukau i ka pāʻani ʻana i kahi cantilena ākea a me nā huaʻōlelo. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā pā (i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli o lākou), ua lilo ia i mea paʻakikī loa e hoʻomanaʻo iā lākou. Ua pono i nā haʻawina kūikawā - ka mea i kapa ʻia. fitniks; ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā palapala kūpono me ko lākou mau inoa, a ua hāʻawi ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hīmeni ʻana. Ma hope mai, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā "splits" i loko o nā fitniks, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā moʻolelo o ke kūpono like i ka notation hook maʻamau. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17, ua ʻike ʻia nā papa kuhikuhi kumu o nā oli i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka oli Znamenny - "kokizniki" (mai kokiza - ka inoa Lūkini kahiko no nā oli). Ua māhele ʻia ʻo Kokiza e like me nā leo. Ma hope o ka palapala o ke kokiza a me kona inoa, he huaʻōlelo a ʻōlelo paha mai Ph.D. na mele kaulana loa.
ʻO ka manaʻo piha loa a me ka systematic. ʻO kahi alakaʻi i ka hīmeni ʻana ʻo Znamenny ʻo ia ka Notice of Concordant Marks, i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1668 e kahi hui loea i alakaʻi ʻia e ka mōneka akamai ʻo Alexander Mezenets. Ma kēia hana, no ka manawa mua, ka ʻōnaehana o nā hōʻailona, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā inoa hou i wehewehe i ka ideographic. ʻōnaehana kākau makau.
I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 17, i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka notation ʻelima laina, ua hana ʻia kekahi ʻano notation theoretical. nā haʻawina - nā hae pālua, kahi e like me ka notation hook o kokiz a kūpono, hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou unuhi ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana notolinear (e nānā i ka hae pālua). I ka makahiki 90, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Monk Tikhon Makaryevsky i ka "Key" i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka leka makau, kahi i wehewehe ʻia ai ke ʻano o nā makau, nā oli a me nā kūpono me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻelima laina.
Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hīmeni ʻana o ke ʻano kahiko e like me ke kenekulia 18, a ua hoʻohana ʻia e ka Old Believers ma hope, akā ʻaʻole i like ke ʻano like, ʻoiai ua pau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka znamenny oli i ka manawa o ka 17 a me 18. mau kenekulia.
Na palapala a A. m. mālama ʻia ma ka mokuʻāina. waihona a lilo i kumu nui no ke aʻo ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini kahiko.
E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO ka ABC o Znamenny Singing (Notice of Concordant Marks) na Elder Alexander Mezenets. Paʻi ʻia me nā wehewehe a me nā memo e St. Smolensky, Kazan, 1888; ʻO Uspensky N., ʻO ke mele mele Lūkini kahiko, M., 1965, 1971; ʻO Brazhnikov MV, ka manaʻo mele Lūkini kahiko, L., 1972.
ND Uspensky
