Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg – 25 Iune 1822, Berlin) – ka mea kākau Kelemānia, haku mele, alakaʻi, mea pena. ʻO ke keiki a kekahi luna, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kekelē kānāwai ma ke Kulanui o Königsberg. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka palapala a me ka pena kiʻi, ua aʻo mua ʻo ia i ke mele me kona ʻanakala, a laila me ka mea hoʻokalakupua ʻo H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), ma hope ma Berlin ua lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina haku mele mai IF Reichardt. He luna hookolokolo ma Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Mai ka makahiki 1804, ʻo ka ʻaha kūkā o ka mokuʻāina ma Warsaw, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i mea hoʻonohonoho o ka Philharmonic Society, ka symphony orchestra, i hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi a me ka haku mele. Ma hope o ka noho ʻana o nā pūʻali Farani ma Warsaw (1807), ua hoʻi ʻo Hoffmann i Berlin. I ka makahiki 1808-1813 he alakaʻi, haku mele a me ka mea hoʻonani hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Bamberg, Leipzig a me Dresden. Mai ka makahiki 1814, ua noho ʻo ia ma Berlin, kahi ʻo ia i kākāʻōlelo no ka hoʻopono ma nā hui hoʻokolokolo kiʻekiʻe a me nā komisina kānāwai. Ma ʻaneʻi ua kākau ʻo Hoffmann i kāna mau hana moʻokalaleo koʻikoʻi. Ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau ʻatikala mua ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), a he limahana ʻo ia mai ka makahiki 1809.

He ʻelele koʻikoʻi o ke kula aloha Kelemania, ua lilo ʻo Hoffmann i hoʻokahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i nā mea hoʻonaninani mele aloha a me nā hoʻohewa. I ka wā mua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele aloha, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona a hōʻike i ke kūlana pōʻino o kahi mea hoʻokani pila i loko o ka lehulehu. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Hoffmann i ke mele ma ke ʻano he honua kūikawā hiki ke hōʻike i ke kanaka i ke ʻano o kona mau manaʻo a me kona mau makemake, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā mea pohihihi a pau ʻole. Ma ka ʻōlelo o ka romanticism moʻokalaleo, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Hoffmann e kākau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke mele, e pili ana i nā hana mele, nā haku mele a me nā mea hana. Ma ka hana a KV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart a me L. Beethoven, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā manaʻo e alakaʻi i kahi ala aloha. ʻO kāna mau moʻolelo pōkole: "Cavalier Gluck" ("Ritter Gluck", 1809), "The Musical Sufferings of Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister" ("Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden", 1810) , "Don Giovanni" (1813), kūkākūkā "The Poet and the Composer" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1813). Ua hoʻohui ʻia nā moʻolelo a Hoffmann ma hope mai i ka hōʻiliʻili Fantasies in the Spirit of Callot (Fantasiesucke in Callot's Manier, 1814-15).

I loko o nā moʻolelo pōkole, a me Fragments of the Biography of Johannes Kreisler, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka puke The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), ua hana ʻo Hoffmann i ke kiʻi pōʻino o kahi mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo Kreisler's "mad. Kapellmeister", ka mea kipi i ka philistinism a hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ʻeha. ʻO nā hana a Hoffmann i hoʻoikaika i ka nani o KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kiʻi mele o Hoffmann i nā hana a nā mea haku mele he nui - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle") , L. Delibes ("Coppelia"), F. Busoni ("Ke Koho o ka wahine mare"), P. Hindemith ("Cardillac") a me na mea e ae. kapa ʻia ʻo Zinnober", "Princess Brambilla", a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Hoffmann ka meʻe o nā keaka e J. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) a me G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

ʻO Hoffmann ka mea kākau o nā hana mele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka opera aloha Kelemania mua ʻo Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), ka opera Aurora (1811-12; post paha. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg ), symphonies, himeni, haku mele. I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomaka ka paʻi ʻana o kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā hana mele i koho ʻia e Hoffmann ma Mainz (FRG).

Nā haku mele: hana, ed. na G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; nā hana mele. Hoʻoponopono ʻia e G. Seidel. Olelo mua na Hans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; ʻO nā moʻolelo mele mele a me nā palapala me nā leka a me nā palapala diary. Koho ʻia a kākau ʻia e Richard Münnich, Weimar, 1961; в рус. per. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Music Education", 1926, No No 3-4; ʻO Rerman VE, ke mele mele mele Kelemānia, ma kāna puke: ʻOpera House. ʻatikala a me ka noiʻi, M., 1961, p. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., ʻO ka mea kūpono a me ka mea maoli i ka aesthetics o ETA Hoffmann. “SM”, 1973, No 8.

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