Vytautas Prano Barkauskas (Vytautas Barkauskas) |
Vytautas Barkauskas
ʻO V. Barkauskas kekahi o nā haku poʻokela o ka moʻomeheu mele o kēia wā ma Lithuania, no ka hanauna o nā haku mele Lithuania i hoʻolaha iā lākou iho i nā makahiki 60. ma ke ʻano he "mea hoʻopilikia", huli i kahi kiʻi hou, he ʻōlelo avant-garde hou, i kekahi manawa haʻalulu. Mai nā ʻanuʻu mua loa, ua lilo ʻo Barkauskas i kekahi o nā alakaʻi o ka poʻe ʻōpio, akā i kāna mau hana mua ʻaʻole i hoʻokau ʻia kēia mea hou, akā ua hana ʻo ia ma kahi pilina pili me ka kuʻuna, e hoʻolohe pono i ka hoʻolālā kiʻi. I loko o kāna ʻoihana noʻonoʻo, ua loli ke ʻano o Barkauskas - ua loli nā ʻano leo a me nā ʻenehana, akā ʻaʻole i loli nā hiʻohiʻona kumu - ʻike hohonu, ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, kahi hui ikaika o ka naʻau me ka naʻauao.
Loaʻa ka hoʻoilina o ka mea haku mele i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: ke kahua (ka opera The Legend of Love, the choreographic stage Conflict), symphonic and chamber music (me 5 symphonies, the Three Aspects triptych, 3 concertos, Monologue for oboe solo, Partita for solo violin, 3 violin sonata, 2 string quartets, Quintet a me Sextet no na kaula me ka piano), himeni, cantatas a me ka oratorio, leo leo (ma na laina o P. Eluard, N. Kuchak, V. Palchinskaite), okana a me piano haku mele (me ka 4, 6 a me 8 lima), mele no ka hale keaka a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Manaʻo nui ʻo Barkauskas i ka repertoire o nā keiki.
Ua hoʻomaka nā haʻawina mele mua ma ka home, a laila - ma ke keʻena piano o ke kula mele. Y. Tallat-Kyalpshi ma Vilnius. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ka mea haku mele i kāna ʻoihana, ua loaʻa iā ia kāna ʻoihana mua ma ka Faculty of Physics and Mathematics o ka Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (1953). Ma hope wale nō i hoʻoholo ai ʻo Barkauskas e hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i ka mele - i ka makahiki 1959 ua puka ʻo ia mai ka Vilnius Conservatory i ka papa o ka haku mele a me ke kumu aʻo ʻo A. Raciunas.
I ka makahiki mua o ka haku mele ʻana, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā mele a Barkauskas e ka ʻuhane o ka hoʻokolohua, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana haku mele like ʻole (atonalism, dodecaphony, sonoristics, aleatorics).
Ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano alakaʻi o nā makahiki 60. - i loko o ke keʻena mele, kahi, me nā ʻano hana hou o ka haku mele ʻana, nā ʻano neoclassical i ʻike ʻia i kēia wā o nā mele Soviet (kūkulu maopopo, ʻike maopopo o ka hōʻike, gravitation i ka polyphony) i hoʻokō hoihoi ʻia. ʻO ka mea kokoke loa i nā haku o ka wā kahiko iā Barkauskas, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hana ʻaha mele - kahi ʻano pāʻani me nā timbres, dynamics, virtuoso techniques, nā ʻano kumuhana like ʻole. ʻO kēia kāna Concertino no nā hui keʻena ʻehā (1964), ʻo "Contrast music" no ka flute, cello and percussion (1968), "Intimate composition" no ka oboe a me 12 strings (1968), ʻo ia ka mea i hana maikaʻi ʻia e ka haku mele. A ma hope mai, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Barkauskas me ke ʻano ʻakaʻaka (Concertos for organ "Gloria urbi" - 1972; flutes and oboes with orchestra - 1978; ʻEkolu mele mele no ka piano - 1981).
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ka Concerto for viola and chamber orchestra (1981), he hana koʻikoʻi e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā hulina mua a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka naʻau a me ke aloha, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hana a ka mea haku mele i ka manawa. I ka manawa like, lilo ka ʻōlelo i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo, ua hui pū ʻia ke ʻano kiʻi mua me ke kani kala. Hōʻike kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau i ka makemake mau o Barkauskas e synthesize i nā ʻano expressive, e hoʻonui i ka ʻike. ʻOiai i ka wā mua, ua huli ka mea haku mele i nā kumuhana kīwila, maʻamau nui - ma ka cantata-poem "The Word of the Revolution" (ma ka st. A. Drilinga - 1967), i ka pōʻai "Promemoria" no nā ʻohe ʻelua. bass clarinet, piano, harpsichord and percussion (1970), kahi i hoʻopā ai ʻo ia i ke kumuhana koa no ka manawa mua. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Barkauskas iā ia, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kāna manaʻo koʻikoʻi i kahi ʻano symphonic monumental - ma nā symphonies ʻehā (1984) a me Fifth (1986).
E like me nā mea haku mele Lithuanian ʻē aʻe, hoihoi nui ʻo Barkauskas i kāna moʻolelo kamaʻāina, e hoʻohui ana i kāna ʻōlelo me nā ʻano ʻōlelo o kēia wā ma ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa o ia synthesis ʻo ka symphonic triptych ʻEkolu Aspects (1969).
Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory, me ka hana a Barkauskas, ua komo 'o ia i ka hana ho'ona'auao a me ka ho'ona'auao 'ana - hana 'o ia ma ka Vilnius Music College. ʻO J. Tallat-Kelpsy, ma ka Republican House of Folk Art, aʻo i ke kumumanaʻo (mai 1961) a me ka haku mele (mai ka makahiki 1988) ma ka Lithuanian State Conservatory. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka haku mele ma ka home wale nō, akā ma waho pū kekahi. I ka wehewehe ʻana i ka manaʻo o kekahi o kāna mau haku mele hou loa, ua kākau ʻo Barkauskas: "Ke noʻonoʻo nei au i ke kanaka a me kona hopena." I ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo kēia kumuhana i ka ʻimi nui o ka mea pena Lithuanian.
G. Zhdanova
