Alexei Nikolayevich Titov |
Alexey Titov
Nikolay Sergeevich TITOVY (? — 1776) Alexei Nikolaevich (23 Iulai 1769, St. Petersburg – 20 XI 1827, ibid.) Sergei Nikolaevich (1770 – 5 V 1825) Nikolai Alekseevich (10 V 1800, Petersburg – 22 XII. ) Mikhail Alekseevich (1875 IX 17, St. Petersburg – 1804 XII 15, Pavlovsk) Nikolai Sergeevich (1853 — 1798, Moscow)
ʻO ka ʻohana o nā mea hoʻokani mele Lūkini ʻo Titovs i waiho i kahi hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini o ka wā o "dilettantism enlightened". Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kā lākou hana mele no ka manawa lōʻihi, e uhi ana i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia 6 a me ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 1766. ʻO 1769 nā lālā o kēia ʻohana hanohano, he poʻe hoʻokani pila kaulana lākou, e like me kā lākou i ʻōlelo ai i kēlā manawa, "nā hoʻomaka". ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka poʻe naʻauao hanohano, ua hāʻawi lākou i ko lākou manawa kūʻokoʻa i ka hana noʻeau, me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hoʻonaʻauao mele kūikawā. E like me ka mea maʻamau i ka pōʻai aliʻi, aia lākou a pau i ka oihana koa a he kūlana kiʻekiʻe ko lākou, mai ka luna kiaʻi a hiki i ka pūkaua nui. ʻO ke kupuna o kēia moʻokūʻauhau mele, ʻo ia ka ʻaha kūkā o ka mokuʻāina ʻo NS Titov, he haku mele kaulana, mea pāʻani a haku mele i ka wā o Catherine. ʻO kekahi o ka poʻe i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia o kona manawa, he mea aloha nui ʻo ia i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a ma 1767 ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi hui hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Moscow, ʻo ia ka mea ʻoihana a hiki i ka makahiki 1795, i ka wā i lilo ai kāna mau keiki i nā lima o nā ʻoihana haole ʻo Belmonti lāua ʻo Chinti. Ua haku ʻo NS Titov i kekahi mau mele mele hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi "The Deceived Guardian" (i kau ʻia ma 1768 ma Moscow) a me "He aha ia, ʻaʻole e pale ʻia, a i ʻole Vain Precaution" (i kau ʻia ma XNUMX ma St. Petersburg). Uaʻikeʻia, ma waho aʻe o ka kikokikona, ua kākau pūʻo ia i nā mele no ka hana Lūkini aupuni, i kapaʻiaʻo "The New Year, or the Meeting of Vasilyev's Evening" (i kauʻia ma XNUMX ma Moscow). Hōʻike kēia ua haku ʻo ia i nā mele no nā hana ʻē aʻe kekahi.
ʻO nā keiki kāne a NS Titov - Alexei lāua ʻo Sergei - he poʻe mele kaulana i ka hopena o XNUMXth - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMX, a ʻo kā lāua mau keiki - Nikolai Alekseevich, Mikhail Alekseevich a me Nikolai Sergeevich - nā mea haku mele kaulana i ka wā o Pushkin. Ua pili ka hana mele a nā Titov kahiko me ka hale keaka. Ua waiwai loa ka biography haku mele o AN Titov, ʻoiai he pōkole. He kanaka kokoke i ka ʻaha emepera, he pūkaua nui, makemake nui i ka hana noʻeau, ka haku mele a me ka violinist, ʻo ia ka mea nona ka hale mele mele, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kikowaena nui loa o ke ola noʻeau o St. ʻO nā'ahamele home, i hoʻokani pinepineʻia e nā hui o ke keʻena, ua heleʻia e nā kaikunāne Titov pono'ī -ʻo Alexey Nikolayevich i hoʻokani maikaʻi i ka violin, aʻo Sergey Nikolayevich i hoʻokani i ka viola a me ke cello - a me nā mea pena kiʻi nui a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nona ka salona ponoʻī, e like me kāna keiki ʻo Nikolai Alekseevich, "he lokomaikaʻi ʻole, he haku o ka noho ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana; naʻauao, naʻauao, ʻoliʻoli mau a ʻoluʻolu loa i ka ʻaha kanaka, loaʻa iā ia ka makana o ka ʻōlelo a me ke kākau ʻana i nā haʻiʻōlelo.
Ua iho ʻo AN Titov i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he haku mele hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau hana keaka mele o nā ʻano like ʻole. Aia ma waena o lākou he 10 mau opera o nā ʻike like ʻole: comic, heroic, lyric-sentimental, mōʻaukala a me kēlā me kēia lā, a me kahi keaka patriotic "From Russian History" ("The Courage of a Kievite, or These Are the Russians," i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1817 ma St. Petersburg). ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo nā mele mele mele i kēlā me kēia lā ma muli o nā kikokikona a A. Ya. Knyaznin "Yam, or the Post Station" (1805), "Gatherings, or Consequence of the Pit" (1808) and "Girlfriend, or Filatkin's Wedding" (1809), he ʻano ʻano trilogy (ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou a pau i loko. St. Petersburg). Ua haku pū ʻo AN Titov i nā mele no nā ballet, melodramas, a me nā hana keaka. Hoʻomau nui ʻia kāna ʻōlelo mele i nā kuʻuna o ka classicism ʻEulopa, ʻoiai ma nā hale mele mele i kēlā me kēia lā aia kahi pilina pili me ke mele o ka mele mele-romance Lūkini i kēlā me kēia lā.
He makahiki ʻōpio ʻo SN Titov ma mua o kona kaikunāne, a ua ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kāna ala hana hana - ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 55. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna ʻoihana koa me ke kūlana o ka lieutenant general, i ka makahiki 1811 ua hoʻomaha ʻo ia a komo i ka ʻoihana kīwila. . He mea komo maʻamau i nā hālāwai mele ma ka hale o kona kaikunāne - a he kanaka akamai i ka cellist, akamai i ka piano a me ka viola - ʻo Sergei Nikolayevich, e like me kona kaikunāne, i haku i nā mele keaka. Ma waena o kāna mau hana, kū i waho nā hana, e hōʻike ana i ke ola hou o Rūsia, he mea maʻamau a holomua i kēlā manawa. ʻO kēia ka ballet "New Werther" (hoʻokumu ʻia e I. Valberkh i ka makahiki 1799 ma St. Petersburg), nā poʻe koa i noho ma Moscow o kēlā au, nāna i hana ma ke kahua i nā lole hou kūpono, a me "folk vaudeville" ma muli o ʻO ka pāʻani a A. Shakhovsky "Peasants, or Meeting of the Uninvited" (i hoʻopuka ʻia ma 1814 ma St. Petersburg), e haʻi ana e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana o nā ʻāpana kūʻē i ka hoʻouka kaua Napoleonic. ʻO ke mele o ka ballet e pili ana i kāna manaʻo manaʻo, e haʻi ana i nā manaʻo o nā kānaka maʻamau. ʻO ka opera vaudeville ʻo The Peasants, a i ʻole ka Hui o ka poʻe i kono ʻole ʻia, e like me ke ʻano divertissement maʻamau i kēlā manawa, ua kūkulu ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mele a me nā mele. ʻO nā keiki kāne a AN Titov - Nikolai lāuaʻo Mikhail, - a me ke keiki a SN Titov - Nikolai - i iho i ka moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini ma keʻano he "pioneers" o ke aloha Lūkini (B. Asafiev). Ua pili pono kā lākou hana me ka hana mele i kēlā me kēia lā i nā salons o ka poʻe naʻauao hanohano a me ka aristocracy o nā makahiki 1820-40.
Ua hāʻule ka kaulana kaulana i ka māhele o NA Titov, kekahi o nā haku mele kaulana loa o ka wā Pushkin. Noho ʻo ia i kona ola a pau ma Petersburg. No ʻewalu mau makahiki, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia i ka hui cadet, a laila ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia ma nā kula hānai pilikino. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka hoʻokani piano i ka makahiki 11-12, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a nā kumu Kelemania. Mai ka 17 o kona mau makahiki, kokoke i ka hapalua keneturia, aia oia ma ka oihana koa, a ua hoomaha oia me ke kulana Lutanela Kenerala i ka makahiki 1867. Ua hoomaka oia e haku i ka 19 o kona mau makahiki: oia keia manawa, ma kona komo ana iho. "ʻo ka manawa mua i'ōlelo ai kona puʻuwai a ninini i ka hohonu o kaʻuhane "ʻo kāna aloha mua. Me ka nele i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa theoretical pono, ua koi ʻia ka haku mele novice e "hiki i nā mea āpau iā ia iho", e kālele ana i nā romances Farani o F. Boildieu, Ch. Lafon a me na mea e ae i ike ia ia. , a laila lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mai ke kumu mele ʻItalia ʻo Zamboni a me ka contrapuntalist Soliva. Eia naʻe, ua pōkole kēia mau haʻawina, a ma ka laulā, ua noho ʻo KA Titov i mea haku mele i aʻo ponoʻī, he ʻelele maʻamau o ka "dilettantism enlightened" Lūkini.
I ka makahiki 1820, ua paʻi ʻia ke aloha ʻo "Solitary Pine", ʻo ia ka hana mua i paʻi ʻia a NA Titov a kaulana nui iā ia. ʻO ka kaulana o kēia aloha ua hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia e kona haʻiʻana i ka moʻolelo "Tatyana Borisovna a me kāna moʻopuna" mai I. Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter": paʻa paʻa i loko o ka bar-estate a me ka salon-aristocratic ola, ke ola nei ke aloha o Titov, e like me ia. ʻO ia, he ola kūʻokoʻa i kēia kaiapuni, a ua poina mua i kona inoa kona mea kākau, a ua kuhi hewa ʻia iā A. Varlamov.
I ka makahiki 20. Ua hoʻomaka e paʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana hula salon like ʻole a Titov - quadrilles, polkas, marches, waltzes no ka piano. Aia ma waena o lākou he mau ʻāpana o ke keʻena, ke ʻano pilikino, e nalowale ana i ko lākou ʻano nui i hoʻohana ʻia a lilo i mea liʻiliʻi kiʻi a hiki i kahi hana papahana. No ka laʻana, ʻo ia ka quadrille "French" "Sins of youth" (1824) a me "A novel in 12 waltzes" i kapa ʻia ʻo "When I was young" (1829), e hōʻike ana i kahi moʻolelo hoʻohiwahiwa o ke aloha hōʻole ʻia. ʻO nā ʻāpana piano maikaʻi loa a NA Titov e hōʻike ʻia e ka maʻalahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mele, kokoke i ke ʻano i ke aloha Lūkini i kēlā me kēia lā.
I ka makahiki 30. Ua hui ka mea haku mele iā M. Glinka lāua ʻo A. Dargomyzhsky, ka mea i makemake nui i kāna hana a, e like me ka ʻōlelo a Titov iā ia iho, ua kapa ʻo ia iā ia "ke kupuna kāne o ke aloha Lūkini." ʻO nā pilina aloha i pili iā ia me nā mea haku mele ʻo I. Laskovsky a me A. Varlamov, nāna i hoʻolaʻa i kāna aloha "Ua lele ʻo ʻōpio e kahi nightingale iā Titov". I ka makahiki 60. Ua kipa pinepine ʻo Nikolai Alekseevich iā Dargomyzhsky, ʻaʻole ia i hāʻawi wale iā ia i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo noʻonoʻo, akā ua kākau pū i kāna mau mele "E kala mai iaʻu no kahi kaʻawale lōʻihi" a me "Flower" i ʻelua leo. Ua ola ʻo NA Titov no 75 mau makahiki, e hopu ana i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia 1820. - ka lā nui o nā mele mele Lūkini. Eia naʻe, pili pono kāna hana me ka lewa noʻeau o nā salons o nā naʻauao hanohano o nā 40-XNUMXs. ʻO ka haku ʻana i nā mele, ua huli pinepine ʻo ia i nā poem e nā poʻe mele amateur, nā dilettantes e like me ia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hele ka mea haku mele i ka poetry o kona mau hoa nui - A. Pushkin ("To Morpheus", "Bird") a me M. Lermontov ("Mountain Peaks"). ʻO nā mele aloha o NA Titov ka nui o ka manaʻo a me ke koʻikoʻi, akā i waena o lākou he mau kiʻi aloha a me nā ʻano. He mea koʻikoʻi ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka loneliness, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻeha maʻamau mai ka mea aloha i ka homesickness aloha ("Vetka", "Russian Snow in Paris") a me ka loneliness o kahi kanaka aloha i waena o nā kānaka (" Pine", "Mai kāhāhā, e nā hoaaloha") . Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mele leo a Titov e ka melodious melodiousness, mehana ʻoiaʻiʻo, a me kahi ʻano maʻalahi o ka leo mele. I loko o lākou, i kā lākou kumu maoli, ʻaʻole naʻe a ma nā ʻano he nui ʻole, e ulu ana nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā leo leo leo Lūkini, nā hiʻohiʻona melodic hiʻohiʻona, i kekahi manawa e kali ana i nā leo o nā aloha a Glinka, nā ʻano like ʻole, ka makemake e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano. o ke aloha ma ka hapa piano, ua hookumuia.
Aia ʻo Peru NA Titov ma mua o 60 mau mele ma nā kikokikona Lūkini a me Palani, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau ʻāpana hula no ka piano, a me nā hula no ka orchestra (2 waltzes, quadrille). Ua ʻike ʻia ua haku pū ʻo ia i nā mele: ʻo kekahi o lākou i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o kāna mau mele ("Ah, e haʻi mai iaʻu, nā kānaka maikaʻi", "Frenzy", "Silence your heart", etc.), mālama ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi puke kākau lima. , i kapa ʻia ʻo ia me ka ʻakaʻaka "ʻO koʻu hoʻoikaika a me ka naʻaupō. ʻO ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana iā "My Sons", nāna i wehe i kēia puke, e huki i ka manaʻo hoʻomohala o ka haku mele amateur, i loaʻa ka hauʻoli a me ka hoʻomaha i kāna hana:
ʻO wai ka mea i hana ʻole i nā mea lapuwale ma kēia ao? Ua kākau kekahi i nā mele, ua kani kekahi i ka lira. Hoouna mai ke Akua i na mele a me na mele ia'u, Ke aloha ia lakou me ko'u uhane, Ua kakau au e like me ko'u hiki. A no laila ke noi aku nei au i ke kala ʻana Ke hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe - nā manawa hoʻoikaika.
ʻO ke kaikaina o NA Titov, ʻo Mikhail Alekseevich, ma muli o ka moʻomeheu ʻohana, ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he luna ma ka Preobrazhensky Regiment. Mai ka makahiki 1830, ua hoʻomaha ʻo ia, noho ʻo ia ma Pavlovsk, kahi i make ai ʻo ia i ka makahiki 49. Aia nā hōʻike e aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele me ka theorist Giuliani. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Mikhail Alekseevich ʻo ia ka mea kākau o nā manaʻo aloha i nā kikokikona Lūkia a me Farani, me kahi ʻāpana piano nani a me kahi mele ʻano trite a maʻalahi hoʻi, e hoʻokokoke pinepine ana i ke ʻano o kahi aloha ʻino ("ʻAe, inā makemake ʻoe pēlā", "No ke aha Ua nalowale ka moeʻuhane maikaʻi", " Manaʻo "- ma ka ʻatikala a nā mea kākau ʻike ʻole). Hoʻokaʻawale ka noble sophistication i ka maikaʻi o kāna mau ʻāpana hula salon no ka piano, i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻano melancholy o ka romanticism mua. ʻO ka plasticity o nā melodics, kokoke i ke aloha Lūkini i kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka nani o ke ʻano e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā salons aristocratic.
ʻO ke kaikunāne o NA a me MA Titov, NS Titov, he 45 makahiki wale nō i ola ai - ua make ʻo ia i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻāʻī. Wahi a nā loina o kēia ʻohana, aia ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana koa - he dragoon kiaʻi ʻo ia o ka regiment Semenovsky. E like me kona mau hoahānau, he haku mele ʻo ia a haku mele. Me nā mea like he nui, ʻo kāna hana romance kekahi i kona mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī. 'A'ole like me NA Titov, me kona 'olu'olu a me ka ma'alahi, 'o Nikolai Sergeevich ka 'oi a'e o ke keena, ka leo no'ono'o hanohano. I ka manawa like, ua makemake nui ʻo ia i nā kumuhana aloha a me nā kiʻi. ʻAʻole i liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i ka poem amateur, a makemake ʻo ia i nā mele a V. Zhukovsky. E. Baratynsky, a me ka mea nui loa - A. Pushkin. I ka ho'āʻo ʻana e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona mele o ka kikokikona poetic, ua hoʻāʻo mau ʻo ia i ke kahua o ka leo kani, ke ʻano, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hou a me nā ʻano hoʻokani mele. Hōʻike ʻia kāna mau aloha e ka makemake no ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana, kahi hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano o ka inoa hoʻokahi, a me nā correlations tertian o nā tonalities. ʻO ka hoihoi, ʻoiai ka hemahema o ka incarnation, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ke aloha "i ʻekolu ʻāpana" ma St. Baratynsky "Hoʻokaʻawale - Kali - Hoʻi", ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i ʻekolu ʻāpana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma muli o nā loli i nā kūlana psychological o ka hero lyrical. Ma waena o nā hana maikaʻi loa a NS Titov ʻo Pushkin's romances "The Tempest", "The Singer", "Serenade", "The Fountain of the Bakhchisarai Palace", kahi i haʻalele ai i ka naʻau kuʻuna i ka hana ʻana i kahi lyric expressive. kii noonoo.
ʻO nā hana a nā kaikunāne HA, MA a me NS Titovs he mea maʻamau a ma ka manawa like nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi loa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea haku mele Lūkini o ka wā Pushkin. I loko o kā lākou mau moʻolelo, nā ʻano ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke mele o nā leo leo Lūkia i hoʻomohala ʻia, a me nā miniatures hula, me kā lākou poʻomanaʻo maʻalahi a me ka makemake no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kiʻi, ua wehewehe ʻia kahi ala mai nā pāʻani o kēlā me kēia lā i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka puka ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka papahana. nā ʻano mele piano piano Lūkini.
T. Korzhenyants
