Vasily Polikarpovich Titov |
ʻO Vasily Titov
ʻO ke mele… hoʻonani i nā ʻōlelo akua me ka euphony o ka lokahi, hauʻoli i ka naʻau, hoʻohauʻoli i ka ʻuhane me ka hīmeni hemolele. Ioanniky Korenev Treatise "Music", 1671
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kūloko o ke kenekulia 1678, ka mea i hōʻailona i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka New Age, ua pili pū kekahi i nā mele: i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia, ua ʻike ʻia nā inoa o nā haku mele - nā haku o nā kākau ʻāpana ma Rusia. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano partes – ʻano ʻulaʻula a me ka hīmeni ʻana i ka manaʻo no nā leo he nui - i wehe i ke ʻano no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mea kākau. Ma waena o nā inoa o nā haku mele i lawe ʻia mai ka mōʻaukala iā mākou mai ke kenekulia 1686. me Nikolai Diletsky,'o Vasily Titov ka mea i'ike'ia e ka nui o ke talena a me ka momona. ʻO ka haʻi mua ʻana o ka inoa ʻo Titov i ka makahiki 1687 i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai i nā mele mele a ke aliʻi. Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻikepili waihona, ua noho koke ka mea mele i kahi kūlana alakaʻi i ka papa mele - maopopo, mahalo ʻaʻole wale i ka leo, akā i ka haku mele. I ka XNUMX a i ʻole XNUMX ua haku ʻo Titov i ke mele no Simeon Polotsky's Poetry Psalter. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi kope o kēia manuscript me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana e ka haku mele i ke aliʻi, ke Kamāliʻiwahine Sophia:
… Ua paʻi hou ʻia ʻo Salamo i kākau ʻia i ka nani o ke Akua: Ke hāʻawi ʻana iā ia i ke Kamāliʻiwahine Naʻauao, Mai Vasily ke diakono mele, ʻo Titov, kā lākou kauā haʻahaʻa…
A hiki i ka makahiki 1698, ua hoʻomau ʻo Titov i ka lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he kākau mele mele, a laila he mea nānā ʻo ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Moscow a, ʻo ia paha ke kuleana o ke kula hīmeni. ʻO kahi palapala o 1704 e hiki ai iā mākou ke manaʻo i kēia, e heluhelu ana: "Ke hao nei lākou i nā mea mele i lawe ʻia mai Titov, kauoha i nā mea hoʻokani pila e aʻo i nā gaboes a me nā mea kani ʻē aʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka ikaika, a kauoha iā lākou i kekahi e nānā. iā lākou me ka pau ʻole. ʻIke ʻia, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele mele ʻōpio. Manuscript o ka huli ana o ka XVII-XVIII mau kenekulia. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Titov "ka haku aliʻi ma ka Ho'ōla ma Nova" (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kekahi o nā hale pule o Moscow Kremlin) "ke kākau ʻōlelo ma luna." ʻAʻohe ʻike palapala e pili ana i ka hopena hou aʻe o ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ua ʻike wale ʻia ua kākau ʻo Titov i kahi ʻaha mele hauʻoli no ka lanakila o Poltava ma luna o nā Swedes (1709). ʻO kekahi poʻe noiʻi, ma muli o ka mea kākau moʻolelo mele ʻo N. Findeisen, manaʻo ʻia ka lā i make ai ʻo Titov i ka makahiki 1715.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana nui a Titov i nā ʻano mele like ʻole. Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka ʻike o ka hanauna kahiko o nā haku o nā māhele kākau - Diletsky, Davidovich, S. Pekalitsky - Hāʻawi ʻo Titov i kāna mau mele mele i ka nani baroque a me ka juiciness. Ke ʻike nui ʻia nei kāna mele. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e nā papa inoa he nui o nā hana a Titov, i mālama ʻia i loko o nā waihona manuscript.
Ua hana ka mea haku mele ma mua o 200 mau hana nui, e like me nā hana nui e like me nā lawelawe (liturgies), Dogmatics, Mother of God Sunday, a me nā ʻaha mele he nui (ma kahi o 100). He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokumu i ka helu pololei o nā haku mele a Titov, no ka mea ma nā mele mele o nā kenekulia 12-16. ʻaʻole i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ka inoa o ka mea kākau. Ua hoʻohana ka mea hoʻokani pila i nā hui hoʻokani like ʻole: mai kahi hui haʻahaʻa ʻekolu ʻāpana o ke ʻano Kantian i ka "Poetic Psalter" i kahi mele polyphonic, me 24, XNUMX a me XNUMX mau leo. Ma ke ʻano he mele akamai, ua hoʻomaopopo nui ʻo Titov i nā mea huna o ka expressive, waiwai i nā nuances o ke kani choral. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea kani i loko o kāna mau hana, ʻo ka hoʻohana akamai ʻana i nā mea hiki o ka papa mele e hana i kahi leo leo momona, multi-timbral. ʻO ka nani o ke kākau mele he ʻano ʻano ia o nā concerto partes, kahi e hoʻokūkū ai nā ʻōlelo hoʻōho ikaika o ka papa mele me nā hui aniani o nā leo like ʻole, hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano polyphony, a kū mai nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano a me nā nui. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā kikokikona o ke ʻano hoʻomana, ua hoʻokō ka mea haku mele e lanakila i ko lākou mau palena a hana i nā mele ʻoiaʻiʻo a piha i ke koko, i ʻōlelo ʻia i kahi kanaka. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ka ʻahamele "Rtsy Us Now", ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike e hoʻonani i ka lanakila o nā mea kaua Lūkini ma ke kaua ʻo Poltava. Hoʻokomo ʻia me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻālohilohi, me ke akamai i ka lawe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hauʻoli nui, ua hopu kēia ʻahamele i ka pane pololei a ka mea haku mele i ka hanana nui loa o kona manawa. ʻO ka manaʻo ola a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mele a Titov e mālama i ko lākou mana o ka mana i ka mea hoʻolohe a hiki i kēia lā.
N. Zabolotnaya
