Boris Tischenko |

ʻO Boris Tischenko

ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa ... ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻike o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mai kāna kumu mua. R. Descartes

ʻO B. Tishchenko kekahi o nā mea haku mele Soviet kaulana o ka hanauna ma hope o ke kaua. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o nā ballets kaulana "Yaroslavna", "The Twelve"; hana ke kahua ma muli o nā ʻōlelo a K. Chukovsky: "The Fly-Sokotukha", "The Stolen Sun", "Cockroach". Ua kākau ka mea haku mele i kahi helu nui o nā hana orchestral nui - 5 mau symphonies i hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia (me ke keʻena e M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", ka symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; concerto no ka piano, cello, violin, harp; 5 string quartets; 8 piano sonatas (me ka ʻEhiku - me nā bele); 2 violin sonatas, etc. ʻO nā mele leo a Tishchenko he ʻelima mau mele ma st. O. Driz; Requiem no ka soprano, tenor a me ka orchestra ma st. A. Akhmatova; "Testament" no ka soprano, harp a me ka okana ma St. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" ma st. A. Kushner. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka "Four Poems of Captain Lebyadkin" na D. Shostakovich. ʻO Peru ka mea haku mele pū kekahi me nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Suzdal", "The Death of Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", no ka pāʻani "Heart of a Dog".

Ua puka 'o Tishchenko mai ka Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), 'o V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, kona mau kumu, ma ke kula puka - D. Shostakovich, ma ka piano - A. Logovinsky. I kēia manawa he kumu ʻo ia ma ka Leningrad Conservatory.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Tishchenko ma ke ʻano he haku mele ma ke kakahiaka nui - i ka makahiki 18 ua kākau ʻo ia i ka Violin Concerto, ma 20 - ka Quartet ʻElua, ʻo ia kekahi o kāna mau mele maikaʻi loa. I loko o kāna hana, ʻo ka laina o ka poʻe kahiko a me ka laina o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka manaʻo o kēia wā i kū nui loa. Ma kahi ala hou, e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā kiʻi o ka mōʻaukala Lūkini kahiko a me ka moʻolelo Lūkini, mahalo ka mea haku mele i ke kala o ka archaic, e ʻimi e haʻi i ka ʻike honua kaulana i ulu i nā kenekulia (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Third Symphony - 1966, mau ʻāpana o ka lua (1959), ʻekolu Quartets (1970), ʻekolu Piano Sonata - 1965). ʻO ke mele lōʻihi ʻo Rūsia no Tishchenko he mea ʻuhane a me ka nani. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā papa hohonu o ka moʻomeheu lāhui i hiki i ka mea haku mele ma ka Third Symphony ke hana i kahi ʻano mele hou - me he mea lā, he "symphony of tunes"; kahi i ulana ʻia ai ka lole hoʻokani pila mai nā mea kani. ʻO ke mele ʻuhane o ka hopena o ka symphony e pili ana me ke kiʻi o ka mele a N. Rubtsov - "koʻu ʻāina noho mālie". He mea kūpono hoʻi i ka nānā ʻana o ka honua kahiko iā Tishchenko e pili pū ana me ka moʻomeheu o ka Hikina, ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele Kepani medieval "gagaku". Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka poʻe Lūkini a me ka ʻike honua Hikina kahiko, ua hoʻomohala ka mea haku mele i kona ʻano i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele - meditative statics, kahi e loli mālie a mālie nā loli i ke ʻano o ke mele (long cello solo i ka First Cello. Concerto – 1963).

I ke ʻano o ka typical no ka XX century. nā kiʻi o ka hakakā, ka lanakila ʻana, ka tragic grotesque, ka ʻuhane ʻuhane kiʻekiʻe loa, hana ʻo Tishchenko ma ke ʻano he pani i nā symphonic dramas o kāna kumu Shostakovich. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma kēia ʻano ʻo ka Fourth and Fifth Symphonies (1974 a me 1976).

ʻO ka Fourth Symphony he mea makemake nui loa - ua kākau ʻia no nā mea hoʻokani mele 145 a me kahi mea heluhelu me kahi microphone a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa (ʻo ia hoʻi, he concerto symphony holoʻokoʻa). Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka Fifth Symphony iā Shostakovich a hoʻomau pololei i ke kiʻi o kāna mele - nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha haʻiʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, nā ʻeha ʻeha, nā pōʻino pōʻino, a me kēia - nā monologues lōʻihi. Hoʻopili ʻia me ka motif-monogram o Shostakovich (D-(e)S-С-Н), me nā huaʻōlelo mai kāna mau hana (mai ka Eighth and Tenth Symphonies, the Sonata for Viola, etc.), a mai ka nā hana a Tishchenko (mai ka Third Symphony, ka Fifth Piano Sonata, Piano Concerto). He ʻano kamaʻilio kēia ma waena o kahi ʻōpio o kēia wā a me kahi ʻelemakule, he "relay race of generations".

Ua ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo mai ka mele a Shostakovich i ʻelua sonata no ka violin a me ka piano (1957 a me 1975). Ma ka Sonata ʻElua, ʻo ke kiʻi nui e hoʻomaka a hoʻopau i ka hana he ʻōlelo haʻiʻōlelo ʻino. He ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kēia sonata i ka haku mele ʻana - aia i loko o 7 mau ʻāpana, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka "framework" logical (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), a ʻo nā mea like ʻole he "intervals" (Intermezzo I, II). , III in presto tempo). Ua kākau ʻia ka ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") ma muli o ka monument monument kaulana o Ancient Russia - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (libre na O. Vinogradov).

Hoʻopili ʻia ka orchestra i ka ballet e kahi ʻāpana mele e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻono o ka leo Lūkini. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka manaʻo i ka opera a A. Borodin "Prince Igor", ka mea haku mele o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO ka pōʻino o ka lanakilaʻana o nā pūʻali koa o Igor i hoʻokūpaʻaʻia. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mele mua o ka ballet, ʻo ia nā oli koʻikoʻi e kani ana mai ka papa himeni kāne, nā mele hoʻonāukiuki ikaika o ka hoʻouka kaua kaua, nā "uā" kanikau mai ka orchestra ("The Steppe of Death"), nā leo makani weliweli, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka leo o aloha.

He manaʻo kūikawā ko ka Concerto Mua no Cello a me Orchestra. "He mea like me ka leka i kahi hoaaloha," wahi a ka mea kākau nona. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻano hoʻomohala mele hou i ka haku mele ʻana, e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu mai kahi huapalaoa. Hoʻomaka ka concerto me ka leo cello hoʻokahi, e hoʻonui hou ana i "spurs, shoots." Me he mea lā ua hānau ʻia kahi mele, a lilo i monologue a ka mea kākau, "hōʻoia o ka ʻuhane." A ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moʻolelo, hoʻopuka ka mea kākau i kahi keaka ʻino, me ka ʻoi loa o ka piko, a ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ʻano o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana. "Ua ʻike wau i ka concerto cello mua a Tishchenko ma ka puʻuwai," wahi a Shostakovich. E like me nā hana haku mele a pau o nā makahiki i hala o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua ulu ka mele a Tishchenko i ka leo, e hoʻi ana i ke kumu o ke kiʻi mele.

V. Kholopova