Ambroise Thomas |

Ambrose Thomas

Ua kaulana ka inoa o Tom i kona mau hoa ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o ka opera Mignon, ka mea i hoʻomanawanui ma mua o 30 mau hana i nā makahiki he 1000 i hala o kona ola ʻana, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea mālama i nā kuʻuna o ka Paris Conservatory, ka mea i makemake e. e noho i kanaka kahiko i kona wā e ola ana.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas ma ʻAukake 5, 1811 ma ke kalana ʻo Metz, i loko o kahi ʻohana mele. ʻO kona makuakāne, he kumu mele haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo iā ia e hoʻokani i ka piano a me ka violin i ke kakahiaka nui, no laila i ka makahiki ʻeiwa ua manaʻo ʻia ke keiki he mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa ma kēia mau mea kani. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua neʻe ka ʻohana i ke kapikala, a i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku ua komo ʻo Thomas i ka Conservatory Paris, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka piano a me ka haku mele me JF Lesueur. Nui nā lanakila o Tom i lanakila mau ai ʻo ia i nā makana: i ka makahiki 1829 – ma ka piano, i ka wā e hiki mai ana – i ka lokahi, a, i ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1832 – ka makana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka haku mele, ʻo ka Grand Prize of Rome, nāna i hāʻawi i ke kuleana i ʻekolu. - makahiki noho ma Italia. . Ma ʻaneʻi ua aʻo ʻo Thomas i ka opera Italia hou a i ka manawa like, ma lalo o ka mana o ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Ingres, ua aloha ʻo ia i ke mele a Mozart a me Beethoven.

I ka hoʻi ʻana i Palika i ka makahiki 1836, ua hoʻokani ka mea haku mele i ke mele mele mua i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, a laila kākau hou i ʻewalu ma ka lālani. Ua lilo kēia ʻano i mea nui i ka hana a Tom. Ua lawe ʻia ka kūleʻa e ka opera unpretentious ʻo Cadi (1849), he parody a Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, kokoke i kahi operetta, a ma hope ua hauʻoli ʻo Bizet me ke akamai, ka ʻōpio a me ke akamai. Ua ukali ʻia e A Midsummer Night's Dream me Queen Elizabeth, ʻo Shakespeare a me nā kiʻi o kāna mau pāʻani ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole loa mai ka hoʻohenehene i hāʻawi i ka inoa o ka opera. I ka makahiki 1851, ua koho ʻia ʻo Thomas i lālā o ka French Academy a ua lilo i polopeka ma ka Conservatory o Paris (i waena o kāna mau haumāna - Massenet).

Hāʻule ka lā nui o ka hana a Tom i ka makahiki 1860. ʻO kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i kēia i hoʻokani ʻia e ke koho ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me nā libretists. Ma muli o ke ʻano o Gounod, huli ʻo ia iā J. Barbier lāua ʻo M. Carré a, ma hope o Gounod's Faust (1859) ma muli o ka pōʻino o Goethe, kākau ʻo ia i kāna Mignon (1866), ma muli o ka puke moʻolelo a Goethe The Years of Wilhelm Meister's Teaching, a ma hope o kā Gounod's Teaching. ʻO Romeo lāua ʻo Juliet (1867), ʻo Shakespeare's Hamlet (1868). ʻO ka opera hope loa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana koʻikoʻi a Tom, ʻoiai ʻo Mignon ka mea kaulana loa no ka manawa lōʻihi, me ka pale ʻana i nā hana 100 i ka manawa mua. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau keaka i ka piʻi hou ʻana o ka mana o Tom: i ka makahiki 1871 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi no ka Paris Conservatoire. A i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, ua hōʻike ka mea haku mele kokoke i 60 mau makahiki iā ia iho he aloha aloha ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hui pū ana i ka pūʻali koa ma ke ʻano he manawaleʻa me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua Franco-Prussian. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka luna hoʻokele iā Tom i ka manawa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a ma hope o Hamlet ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kākau i kekahi mea no 14 mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 1882, ua puka mai kāna opera hope loa, ʻo Francesca da Rimini, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Divine Comedy a Dante. Ma hope o ʻehiku mau makahiki o ka noho mālie, ua hana ʻia ka hana hope loa e pili ana iā Shakespeare - ʻo ka ballet maikaʻi ʻo The Tempest.

Ua make ʻo Thomas i ka lā 12 o Pepeluali, 1896 ma Paris.

A. Koenigsberg