Eugene Papa inoa |

Papa inoa Eugene

ʻO ka hanana i ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo Eugene List i ka honua holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ke mele ma ke ʻano ʻole: ʻo ia ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Potsdam mōʻaukala, i hana koke ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, i ke kauwela o 1945. ʻO ka Pelekikena ʻAmelika G. Ua koi ʻo Truman i ke kauoha e koho i nā mea pena kiʻi mai ka pūʻali koa a hoʻouna iā lākou i kona makemake e komo i ka ʻaha mele. Aia ma waena o lākou ke koa Eugene List. A laila, hoʻokani ʻo ia i kekahi mau keaka liʻiliʻi, me ke noi pilikino a ka Pelekikena. Waltz (Op. 42) na Chopin; ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka mea pena ʻōpio ka manawa e aʻo ai ma ka puʻuwai, ua pāʻani ʻo ia e like me nā memo i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka pelekikena ponoʻī. I kekahi lā aʻe, ua puka ka inoa o ke koa pianist ma nā nūpepa o nā ʻāina he nui, a me kona ʻāina hānau. Eia naʻe, ma ʻaneʻi ua ʻike ʻia kēia inoa e nā poʻe mele mele ma mua.

He kamaaina o Philadelphia, Eugene Liszt i loaʻa i kāna mau haʻawina mua, e like me ka mea i hana pinepine ʻia, mai kona makuahine, he pianist amateur, a mai ka makahiki ʻelima, ua neʻe ʻo ia i Kaleponi, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo koʻikoʻi i nā mele ma ke keʻena o Y. Satro- Luina. I ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka hana mua a ke keikikāne me kahi orkestra - ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka ʻEkolu Concerto ʻo Beethoven ma lalo o ka baton a Arthur Rodzinsky. Ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ka hope, ua lawe nā mākua o Eugene iā ia i New York i ka makahiki 1931 e hoʻāʻo e kākau inoa iā ia i ke kula ʻo Juilliard. Ma ke ala, ua kū pōkole mākou ma Philadelphia a ʻike mākou e hoʻomaka ana kahi hoʻokūkū no nā piano ʻōpio ma laila, ʻo ka mea lanakila e loaʻa iā ia ke kuleana e aʻo me ke kumu kaulana ʻo O. Samarova. Ua pāʻani ʻo Yuzhin, a ma hope iho ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi i New York. A ma laila wale nō i loaʻa ai ka leka hoʻomaopopo ua lilo ʻo ia i mea lanakila. No kekahi mau makahiki, ua aʻo ʻo ia me Samarova, ma Philadelphia mua a laila ma New York, kahi i neʻe ai ʻo ia me kāna kumu. Ua hāʻawi nui kēia mau makahiki i ke keiki, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka holomua ʻana, a i ka makahiki 1934 ke kali nei kekahi pōʻino hauʻoli iā ia. Ma ke ʻano he haumāna maikaʻi loa, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kuleana e hoʻokani me ka Philadelphia Orchestra, i alakaʻi ʻia e L. Stokowski. I ka wā mua, ua komo ka papahana i ka concerto a Schumann, akā ma mua koke o kēlā lā, ua loaʻa iā Stokowski mai ka USSR ka pepa mele o ka Young Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto a ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻolauna i ka lehulehu iā ia. Ua noi ʻo ia iā Liszt e aʻo i kēia hana, a aia ʻo ia ma luna: he lanakila lanakila ka premiere. ʻO nā hana ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina i ukali ʻia, i ka mahina ʻo Dekemaba o ka makahiki 1935, ua hana ʻo Eugene List i kāna hoʻomaka me kahi ʻahamele Shostakovich ma New York; ʻO kēia manawa i alakaʻi ʻia e Otto Klemperer. Ma hope o kēlā, ua mālama ka impresario Arthur Jowson i ka ʻoihana hou aʻe o ka mea pena kiʻi, a ma hope koke iho ua kaulana ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina.

I ka manawa i puka ai ʻo ia mai ke kula ʻo Juilliard, ua hauʻoli ʻo Eugene List i kahi inoa maikaʻi ma waena o nā mea aloha mele ʻAmelika. Akā i ka makahiki 1942 ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo ia no ka pūʻali koa a ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o ke aʻo ʻana ua lilo ʻo ia i koa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, a laila ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia i ka "hui hoʻokipa", a hele ʻo ia mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, e hoʻokani ana i ka piano i kau ʻia ma hope o kahi kaʻa. Ua hoʻomau kēia a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua, a hiki i nā hanana i hōʻike mua ʻia i ke kauwela o 1945. Ma hope koke iho, ua wehe ʻia ʻo List. Me he mea lā ua wehe ʻia nā manaʻo maikaʻi i mua ona, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hoʻolaha - ʻoiai ma nā kūlana ʻAmelika. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e pāʻani i ka Hale Paʻi, a ma hope iho ua kapa ʻia ʻo Time magazine "ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻole o ka pelekikena."

Ma keʻano laulā, hele mālie nā mea a pau. I ka makahiki 1946, ua hana ʻo Liszt, me kāna wahine, ka violinist Carol Glen, i ka Prague Spring Festival mua, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele he nui a hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Akā, ua hoʻomaopopo mālie ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻāpono piha ʻia nā manaʻolana i kau ʻia ma luna ona e nā connoisseurs a me nā mea mahalo. Ua lohi mālie ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka talent; ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻokani piano, ʻaʻohe kūpaʻa o kāna pāʻani ʻana, a ʻaʻohe paona. A ʻo ka liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe iā Liszt i hope. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i hope - akā ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻaha mele, ua loaʻa i kāna mau ʻāpana "puʻupaʻa" ma mua o ke mele piano, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kāna kiʻi - ka nani o ke kani, improvisational kūʻokoʻa o ka pāʻani, undeniable artistry. No laila ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Liszt, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia kona ala me nā rosa, ua ʻike pū ʻia e kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo paradoxical: ʻo ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka makahiki 25 o kāna hana ʻaha mele, ua loaʻa mua i ka mea pena ka manawa e hele i ke kahua ma Carnegie Hall. .

Hoʻokani mau ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻAmelika ma waho o ka ʻāina, ua kaulana ʻo ia ma ʻEulopa, me ka USSR. Mai ka makahiki 1962, ua lilo pinepine ia i lālā o ka jure o nā hoʻokūkū Tchaikovsky, i hana ʻia ma Moscow, Leningrad a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā concerto ʻelua e D. Shostakovich, i hana ʻia e ia ma 1974 ma Moscow, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mea pena. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i pakele nā ​​nāwaliwali o Eugene List i ka hoʻohewa ʻana o Soviet. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1964, i kāna huakaʻi mua, ua ʻike ʻo M. Smirnov i "ke stereotyped, inertia o ka noʻonoʻo mele o ka mea pena. Aia kāna mau hoʻolālā hana ma ke ʻano o ka ʻike lōʻihi a, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​manaʻo hoihoi loa. "

He ʻokoʻa loa ka papa inoa o Liszt. Me nā hana kuʻuna o ka "maʻamau" hoʻonohonoho o nā palapala aloha - concertos, sonatas a me nā mea pāʻani e Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann, Chopin - he wahi koʻikoʻi i kāna mau papahana i nohoʻia e nā mele Lūkini, a ma luna o nā mea a pau Tchaikovsky, a mai nā mea kākau Soviet. – Shostakovich. Ua hana nui ʻo Liszt i mea e huki ai i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻolohe i nā hiʻohiʻona mua o nā mele piano ʻAmelika - nā hana a kāna mea hoʻokumu ʻo Alexander Reingal a ʻoi aku ka mua o ʻAmelika aloha ʻo Louis Moreau Gottschalk, nona kāna mele i hoʻokani me ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke ʻano a me ke au. Ua hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokani pinepine ʻo ia i nā hana piano a pau a Gershwin a me McDowell's Second Concerto, ua hiki iā ia ke hōʻoluʻolu i kāna mau papahana me nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea kākau kahiko e like me nā ʻāpana a K. Graun's Gigue a i ʻole L. Dakan, a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani mua o kekahi helu. nā hana a nā mea kākau o kēia wā. : Na C. Chavez, haku mele na E. Vila Lobos, A. Fuleihan, A. Barro, E. Laderman. ʻO ka hope, hana pū me kāna wahine ʻo Y. Liszt i nā hana koʻikoʻi no ka violin a me ka piano, me ka Sonata i ʻike mua ʻole ʻia e Franz Liszt ma ke kumuhana o Chopin.

ʻO kēia ʻano akamai, i hui pū ʻia me ka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe, i kōkua i ka mea pena e noho ma luna o ke ola o ka ʻaha mele, e lawe i kona wahi ponoʻī, ʻoiai ʻo ka haʻahaʻa, akā ʻike ʻia i kāna wahi nui. ʻO kahi i wehewehe ʻia e ka makasina Polani ʻo Rukh Muzychny i ​​kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei: "He mea pena kiʻi hoihoi loa ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻAmelika ʻo Eugene List. ʻAʻole kūlike kāna pāʻani, hiki ke loli kona ʻano; He kumu maoli ʻo ia (ʻoi loa i ko mākou manawa), ʻike i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka mea hoʻolohe me ke akamai koʻikoʻi a me ka nani kahiko, hiki i ka manawa like, no ke kumu ʻole, ke pāʻani i kahi mea ʻē i ka laulā, huikau i kekahi mea, poina. kekahi mea, a i ʻole e haʻi wale aku, ʻaʻohe ona manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hana i hoʻohiki ʻia ma ka papahana a e pāʻani i kahi mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa nō hoʻi kēia i kona nani ponoʻī… ". No laila, ʻo nā hālāwai me ka ʻoihana ʻo Eugene List e lawe mau mai i ka ʻike noʻeau hoihoi i ka poʻe i kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe. He episodic ka hana aʻoaʻo a Liszt: ma 1964-1975 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke kula mele ʻo Eastman, a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma ke Kulanui o New York.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.