ʻO ka mōʻaukala a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻohe transverse

Nānā mōʻaukala

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻohe no kekahi o nā moʻolelo mamao loa o nā mea kani i ʻike ʻia e kākou i kēia mau lā. Ke hoʻi nei ia i kekahi mau tausani makahiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like nā mea kani mua me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e mākou i kēia lā. I ka wā mua, ua hana ʻia lākou me ka ʻohe, ka iwi a me ka lāʻau (me ka ebony, boxwood), ʻelepani, porcelain a me ke aniani. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana he mau mea hoʻopaʻa leo, a ʻo kekahi o nā mea mua i loaʻa ka unahi ma ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo i kēia manawa he ʻewalu puka. I loko o nā kenekulia he nui, ua ulu ka ʻohe i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi maoli ʻana e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1831 wale nō, i ka wā i hoʻomohala ai ʻo Theobald Boehm, i nā makahiki 1847-XNUMX, i kahi mechanics a me ke kūkulu ʻana e like me. ka mea hou. I loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua ho'ololi 'ia ka ohe transverse a me nā mea kani 'ē a'e. Maikaʻi a hiki i ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau. I kēia lā, hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻōheʻe transverse i nā metala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano metala like ʻole, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka flute transverse he nickel a kālā paha. Hoʻohana ʻia ke gula a me ka platinum no ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma muli o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia, e loaʻa i ka mea kani kona kani ponoʻī. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kani kūʻokoʻa, hana nā mea hana i ka mea kani me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala makamae like ʻole, e hui pū ana kekahi me kekahi, no ka laʻana, hiki ke kālā ke ʻano o loko a ʻo ka papa waho i uhi ʻia i ke gula.

Ke ano o ka ohe

No ka hui o na mea kani woodwind ka ohe. Ma kēia pūʻulu he mea kani hiki ke loaʻa ka leo kiʻekiʻe loa. Loaʻa iā ia ka laulā ākea o nā mea kani woodwind, mai ka c a i ʻole h minor, ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana, a hiki i ka d4. ʻO ke kumu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopuka i ka f4, ʻoiai he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō. Ua kākau ʻia nā memo no ka ʻāpana ʻohe ma ke kī ʻekolu. Loaʻa kēia mea kani i kona hoʻohana nui ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano mele. He mea pono loa ia e like me ka mea kani solo a me ka mea kani. Hiki iā mākou ke hālāwai me ia ma nā hui liʻiliʻi a me nā symphony nui a i ʻole jazz orchestras.

Ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻohe ohe

ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana o ka ʻohe ohe: ke poʻo, ke kino a me ka wāwae. Aia ma luna o ke poʻo he waha e kaomi ai ko mākou mau lehelehe. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke poʻo i loko o ke kino me nā lua flap a me kahi mīkini me 13 flaps e wehe a pani i nā puka. Hiki ke weheʻia nā'ōpala me nā puka manamana ma waenakonu a iʻole i paniʻia me ka mea i kapaʻia he piha. ʻO ke kolu o ka mea ʻo ka wāwae, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopuka i nā leo haʻahaʻa. ʻElua ʻano kapuaʻi: ​​kapuaʻi c (a hiki i c¹) a me h (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, me ka pā hou no ka h liʻiliʻi).

Nā ʻano ʻenehana o ka ʻohe

Ma muli o ka laulā ākea a me ke ʻano o ka ʻohe transverse, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiki o kēia mea kani. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani manuahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā ʻano pāʻani i ʻike ʻia e mākou i kēia mau lā, e like me: legato, staccato, double and triple staccato, tremolo, frullato, nā ʻano mea hoʻonani a pau, a me nā whirlpools. Eia kekahi, me ka ʻole o nā pilikia nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi i nā mamao lōʻihi ma waena o nā leo pākahi, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo nā wā. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano tonal o ka ʻohe transverse i ʻehā mau papa inoa kumu: Register haʻahaʻa (c1-g1), kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka leo ʻeleʻele a me ke kani ʻana. ʻO ka papa inoa waena (a1-d3) ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka leo, ʻoi aku ka palupalu a me ka mālamalama i ka piʻi ʻana o nā memo i luna. ʻO ka papa inoa kiʻekiʻe (e3-b3) he leo maʻemaʻe, ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi a me ke komo. Hōʻike ʻia ka papa inoa kiʻekiʻe loa (h3-d4) me kahi leo ʻoi loa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika, wehewehe a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hilinaʻi wale ʻia i nā mākaukau o ka flutist ponoʻī.

Nā ʻano ohe ʻauheʻe

I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mea kani, akā ʻo nā mea nui a kaulana loa: ʻo ka transverse flute nui (maʻamau) me ka pālākiō mai c¹ a i ʻole h liʻiliʻi (e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wāwae flute) a i ka d4, a laila ʻO ka ʻohe piccolo, ʻoi aku ka hapalua o ka pōkole ma mua o ka mea maʻamau a i ka hoʻokani ʻana i kahi octave kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka ʻohe alto, ʻo ia ka unahi mai f a f3. Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe o nā ʻohe ohe, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.

Loaʻa

ʻO ka mea kānalua, ʻo ka ʻōheʻe transverse kekahi o nā mea kani me ka mana mele nui, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa e aʻo i nā mea kani woodwind.