Angiolina Bosio (Angiolina Bosio) |
Angiolina Bosio
ʻAʻole i ola ʻo Angiolina Bosio i kanakolu makahiki ma ka honua. He ʻumikumamākolu makahiki wale nō kāna ʻoihana hana. Pono e loaʻa i kekahi kālena maikaʻi e waiho i kahi hōʻailona hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i kēlā au, no ka lokomaikaʻi me nā talena leo! Ma waena o nā mea mahalo o ka mea mele Italia ʻo Serov, Tchaikovsky, Odoevsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky ...
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Angiolina Bosio ma ʻAukake 28, 1830 ma ke kūlanakauhale Italia o Turin, ma ka ʻohana o kahi mea keaka. I ka makahiki he ʻumi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ke mele ma Milan, me Venceslao Cattaneo.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mea mele i hana ʻia ma Iulai 1846 ma ka Royal Theatre ma Milan, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia i ke kuleana o Lucrezia i ka opera a Verdi "The Two Foscari".
ʻAʻole like me nā mea he nui o kona mau lā, ua hauʻoli ʻo Bosio i ka kaulana ʻoi aku ma waho o ka home. ʻO nā mākaʻikaʻi hou ʻana o ʻEulopa a me nā hana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i lawe mai iā ia i ka ʻike honua, hoʻokomo iā ia me ka wikiwiki o ka pā me nā mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi loa o ia manawa.
Ua hīmeni ʻo Bosio ma Verona, Madrid, Copenhagen, New York, Paris. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ka poʻe leo leo i ka mea pena ma ke kahua o London's Covent Garden Theatre. ʻO ka mea nui i kāna hana ʻo ia ka mele mele ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hanohano o ka haʻi ʻōlelo, ka maʻalahi o nā kala timbre, ke ʻano o loko. Malia paha, ʻo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ka ikaika o kona leo, ua hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo nui o nā mea aloha mele Lūkini iā ia. Aia ma Rusia, ka mea i lilo i ka lua o ka ʻāina no ka mea mele, ua lanakila ʻo Bosio i ke aloha kūikawā mai ka lehulehu.
Ua hele mua ʻo Bosio i St. Petersburg i ka makahiki 1853, aia i ka piko o kona kaulana. Ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana ma St. Petersburg i ka makahiki 1855, hīmeni ʻo ia no ʻehā kau ma ka lālani ma ke kahua o ka ʻOpera Italia a me kēlā me kēia hana hou i lanakila ai ka nui o nā mea pā. He ākea ākea ka repertoire o ka mea mele, akā ua noho nā hana a Rossini lāua ʻo Verdi i kahi kikowaena i loko. ʻO ia ka Violetta mua ma ke kahua Lūkini, hīmeni ʻo ia i nā kuleana o Gilda, Leonora, Louise Miller i nā operas a Verdi, Semiramide i ka opera o ka inoa like, ʻo ka Countess i ka opera "Count Ori" a me Rosina ma Rossini's "The Barber". o Seville", Zerlina ma "Don Giovanni" a me Zerlina ma " Fra Diavolo, Elvira ma The Puritans, the Countess in The Count Ory, Lady Henrietta in March.
Ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka leo leo, ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana i loko o ka honua uhane o ke kiʻi, ʻo ke mele kiʻekiʻe o Bosio no nā mele mele nui loa o ka wā. ʻAʻole i hōʻike koke ʻia kona ʻano hoʻohālike. I ka wā mua, mahalo ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka ʻenehana kupaianaha a me ka leo - he soprano lyrical. A laila hiki iā lākou ke mahalo i ka waiwai makamae loa o kāna talena - nā mele mele mele, i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho i kāna hana maikaʻi loa - ʻo Violetta ma La Traviata. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano he Gilda ma Verdi's Rigoletto, akā me ka ʻole o ka hoihoi. Ma waena o nā pane mua ma ka paʻi paʻi, ʻo ka manaʻo o Rostislav (F. Tolstoy) ma The Northern Bee kahi ʻano: "ʻO ka leo o Bosio he soprano maʻemaʻe, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā leo waena ... ikaika loa, akā hāʻawi ʻia me kahi sonority, ʻaʻole nele o ka expressiveness. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo koke ʻo Raevsky: "Ua kūleʻa ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o Bozio, akā ua lilo ʻo ia i mea punahele i ka lehulehu ma hope o kāna hana ʻana i ka ʻāpana o Leonora ma Il trovatore, i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka lehulehu o St. Petersburg."
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Rostislav: "ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake e kāhāhā a i ʻole, e kāhāhā i ka poʻe i ka manawa mua me ka leo paʻakikī, nā ʻōlelo kupanaha a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālike. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, no ... kāna hana mua, ua koho ʻo ia i ka hana haʻahaʻa o Gilda ("Rigoletto"), kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻopuka piha ʻia kāna leo leo, i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa. I ka nānā ʻana i ka mālie, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bosio ma The Puritans, Don Pasquale, Il trovatore, The Barber of Seville a me The North Star. Ma muli o kēia hele mālie ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lanakila o Bosio… Ua ulu a ulu ke aloha iā ia… me kēlā me kēia pāʻani hou, ʻaʻole pau kona waiwai o ke kālena… Ma hope o ka ʻāpana maikaʻi o Norina… -ʻano ʻāpana ... Akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bosio ma "Troubadour", a ua kānalua ka poʻe amateurs, e hoʻolohe ana i kāna ʻōlelo kūlohelohe. "Pehea ʻo ia ...," i ʻōlelo ai lākou, "ua manaʻo mākou ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ka pāʻani hohonu i kā mākou primadona maikaʻi."
He mea paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo e wehewehe i ka mea i hana ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 20, 1856, i ka manawa a Angiolina i hana ai i ka ʻāpana o Violetta no ka manawa mua ma La Traviata. Ua lilo koke ka pupule i ke aloha kaulana. ʻO ka hana a Violetta ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o Bosio. ʻAʻole pau nā loiloi aloha. ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke akamai kupaianaha kupaianaha a me ke komo ʻana i hoʻohana ai ka mea mele i ke kiʻi hope loa.
“Ua lohe anei ʻoe iā Bosio ma La Traviata? Inā ʻaʻole, e hele ʻoe e hoʻolohe, a ʻo ka manawa mua loa, i ka manawa e hāʻawi ʻia ai kēia keaka, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe i ʻike pōkole i ke kālena o kēia mele, me ka ʻole o La Traviata, e pāpaʻu ana kou kamaʻāina. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka waiwai waiwai o Bosio ma ke ʻano he mele a me ka mea pena kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o kekahi opera ma ia ʻano nani. Maanei, ka minamina o ka leo, ka oiaio a me ka maikai o ka himeni ana, ka nani a me ka naauao hana, ma ka huaolelo, na mea a pau i hana i ka nani o ka hana, ma o ia Bosio i hopu ai i ka palena ole a aneane pau ole ka makemake o St. Petersburg lehulehu - ua loaʻa nā mea a pau i ka hoʻohana maikaʻi loa i ka opera hou. “ʻO Bosio wale nō ma La Traviata ke kamaʻilio ʻia nei… He leo, he mele. ʻAʻole mākou ʻike i kekahi mea maikaʻi ma St. Petersburg i kēia manawa.
He mea hoihoi ia ʻo Bosio ka mea nāna i hoʻoikaika iā Turgenev no kahi hanana kupaianaha i loko o ka puke "On the Eve", kahi i noho ai ʻo Insarov lāua ʻo Elena ma Venice ma ka hana ʻana o "La Traviata": "Ua hoʻomaka ka duet, ka helu maikaʻi loa o ka ʻO ka opera, kahi i hiki ai i ka mea haku mele ke hōʻike i nā mihi a pau o ka ʻōpio pupule, ka hakakā hope loa a me ke aloha ʻole. Lawe ʻia a lawe ʻia e ka hanu o ke aloha nui, me nā waimaka o ka hauʻoli noʻeau a me ka ʻeha maoli ma kona mau maka, hāʻawi ka mea mele iā ia iho i ka nalu e piʻi ana, ua loli kona helehelena, a i mua o ka ʻuhane weliweli ... o ka make, me ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pule i hiki i ka lani, puka maila nā ʻōlelo mai loko mai ona: “Lasciami vivere … morire si giovane!” (“E ola iaʻu… make ʻōpiopio loa!”), ʻo ia hoʻi ua paʻa ka hale keaka holoʻokoʻa me ka paʻipaʻi ʻana a me nā leo ʻoliʻoli.
ʻO nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa - Gilda, Violetta, Leonora a me nā heroine ʻoliʻoli: nā kiʻi - ... heroines - Hāʻawi ʻo Bosio i kahi paʻi o ka noʻonoʻo, melancholy poetic. “Aia kekahi ʻano leo melancholy ma kēia mele. He pūʻulu leo kēia e ninini pono ana i loko o kou ʻuhane, a ua ʻae like mākou me kekahi o ka poʻe aloha mele nāna i ʻōlelo i ka wā e hoʻolohe ai ʻoe iā Bosio, ʻeha kekahi ʻano kanikau i kou puʻuwai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ʻo Bosio e like me Gilda. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ea a me ka nani, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ke kala mele o kēlā trill i hoʻopau ai ʻo Bosio i kāna aria o Act II a ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻomaka ana i ka forte, nāwaliwali mālie a hoʻokuʻu i ka lewa. A ʻo kēlā me kēia helu, kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo o Bosio i hopu ʻia e nā ʻano like ʻelua - ka hohonu o ka manaʻo a me ka lokomaikaʻi, nā ʻano i hana i ke kumu nui o kāna hana… Mahalo i ka hana virtuoso o nā ʻāpana leo paʻakikī loa, ua kuhikuhi ka poʻe hoʻohewa "i loko o ke ʻano o Bosio, ua lanakila ka manaʻo. ʻO ka manaʻo ka leʻaleʻa nui o kāna hīmeni ʻana - hoʻohiwahiwa, hiki i ka leʻaleʻa ... Hoʻolohe ke anaina i kēia lewa, hīmeni ʻole a makaʻu i ka haʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi leka.
Ua hana ʻo Bosio i kahi kiʻi holoʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi o nā kaikamahine ʻōpio a me nā wahine, hauʻoli a hauʻoli, ʻeha a hauʻoli, make, leʻaleʻa, aloha a aloha ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo AA Gozenpud: “Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke poʻomanaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka hana a Bosio ma ke poʻo inoa o ka pōʻai leo a Schumann, ʻO ke aloha a me ke ola o kahi wahine. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia me ka ikaika like i ka makaʻu o kahi kaikamahine ʻōpio ma mua o ka manaʻo ʻike ʻole a me ka ʻona o ke kuko, ka ʻeha o ka puʻuwai ʻeha a me ka lanakila o ke aloha. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ua hoʻokomo hohonu ʻia kēia kumuhana ma ka ʻāpana o Violetta. He maikaʻi loa ka hana a Bosio, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea pena kiʻi e like me Patti ke hoʻokuke iā ia mai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o kona mau hoa. Ua mahalo nui ʻo Odoevsky lāua ʻo Tchaikovsky iā Bosio. Inā hoʻopio ʻia ka mea nānā aristocratic i kāna kiʻi e ka lokomaikaʻi, ka nani, ka virtuosity, ka hemolele ʻenehana, a laila ua pio ka mea nānā raznochinny e ke komo ʻana, haʻalulu, mehana o ka manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana. Ua hauʻoli ʻo Bosio i ka kaulana a me ke aloha i loko o kahi kaiapuni demokala; hana pinepine ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loaʻa i ka makemake i nā haumāna "ʻaʻole lawa".
Ua kākau lokahi ka poʻe loiloi i kēlā me kēia hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke mele a Bosio. "ʻO ka leo o kā mākou mea mele nani, ua lilo i mea ikaika, hou"; a i ʻole: “… Ua piʻi aʻe ka ikaika o ka leo o Bosio, i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kona kūleʻa ... ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kona leo."
Akā, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka makahiki 1859, loaʻa iā ia ke anu i kekahi o kāna huakaʻi. Ma ka lā 9 o ʻApelila, make ka mea mele i ka maʻi pneumonia. Ua ʻike hou ʻia ka hopena pōʻino o Bosio ma mua o ka maka o Osip Mandelstam.
"He mau minuke ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻeha, ua ʻōhumu kekahi kaʻa ahi ma ka Nevsky. Hoʻihoʻi ka poʻe a pau i ka puka aniani ʻaʻa, a ua waiho ʻia ʻo Angiolina Bosio, he kamaʻāina o Piedmont, ke kaikamahine a kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻilihune - basso comico - ua waiho ʻia nona iho.
… ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi ikaika o nā pū ahi moa, e like me ka brio i lohe ʻole ʻia o ka pōʻino lanakila ʻole, ua pohā i loko o ka lumi moe maikaʻi ʻole o ka hale o Demidov. Ua halulu na bitiugs me na barela, na rula a me na alapii, a ua palu ka ipukukui lama i na aniani. Akā, i loko o ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka mea mele e make ana, ua lilo kēia puʻu o ka leo ʻoihana feverish, ʻo kēia kaʻe lele ʻana i nā ʻaʻahu ʻili hipa a me nā mahiole, ʻo kēia pūlima o nā leo i hopu ʻia a lawe ʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana i lilo i ka leo o kahi hoʻokani pila. ʻO nā pahu hope loa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā Due Poscari, kāna opera London mua loa, kani ʻokoʻa i kāna mau pepeiao liʻiliʻi a ʻino ...
Kū aʻela ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae a hīmeni i kāna mea e pono ai, ʻaʻole i kēlā leo ʻoluʻolu, metala, ʻoluʻolu i kaulana a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma nā pepa, akā me ke kani kani o kahi kaikamahine ʻumikūmālima makahiki, me ka hewa. , ka hoopuka wale ana i ke kani a ke Kumu Cattaneo i papa aku ai iaia.
“Aloha kuu Traviata, Rosina, Zerlina…”
ʻO ka make ʻana o Bosio i ʻeha i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā tausani o ka poʻe i aloha nui i ka mea mele. "I kēia lā ua aʻo wau e pili ana i ka make ʻana o Bosio a ua mihi nui wau," i kākau ai ʻo Turgenev i kahi leka iā Goncharov. – Ua ʻike au iā ia i ka lā o kāna hana hope loa: hoʻokani ʻo ia iā "La Traviata"; ʻAʻole ʻo ia i manaʻo i ia manawa, e pāʻani ana i kahi wahine make, e hoʻokō koke ʻo ia i kēia hana me ka ikaika. ʻO ka lepo a me ka palaho a me ka wahaheʻe nā mea honua āpau.
Ma ka memoir o ka P. Kropotkin kipi, ʻike mākou i nā laina penei: "I ka wā i maʻi ai ka primadona Bosio, he mau tausani o ka poʻe, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio, ua kū ʻole a hiki i ka pō ma ka puka o ka hōkele e ʻike e pili ana i ka ola kino o ka diva. ʻAʻole ʻo ia he uʻi, akā he nani loa ʻo ia i kona hīmeni ʻana i hiki ke helu ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio pupule iā ia i nā haneli. I ka make ʻana o Bosio, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hoʻolewa e like me Petersburg i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua.
Ua paʻi pū ʻia ka hopena o ka mea mele Italia i nā laina o ka satire a Nekrasov "On the Weather":
ʻO nā aʻalolo a me nā iwi Samoyed E hoʻomanawanui lākou i ke anu, akā ʻo ʻoe, nā malihini hema Vociferous, Ua maikaʻi mākou i ka hoʻoilo? E hoʻomanaʻo - ʻO Bosio, ʻAʻole i mālama ka Petropolis haʻaheo iā ia. Makehewa nae kou wili ana ia oe iho i ka puu o Nightingale. Kaikamahine o Italia! Me ka hau Lūkini He paʻakikī ke launa pū me nā rosa awakea. Ma mua o ka mana o kona make, kulu ʻoe i kou lae hemolele, A moe ʻoe ma ka ʻāina ʻē I loko o ka lua kupapaʻu me ke kaumaha. Poina ia oukou e na malihini, I ka la hookahi i haawiia mai ai i ka honua, A liuliu, mele mai la kekahi, Kahi i hookahe ai i na pua. Aia ka māmā, aia ke kani kani pālua, Aia mau ka timpani leo nui. ʻAe! ma ka ʻākau kaumaha me mākou He paʻakikī ke kālā a he pipiʻi ka laurels!
I ka la 12 o Aperila, 1859, me he mea la e kanu ana o Bosio ia St. Petersburg. "Ua ʻākoakoa ka lehulehu no ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kona kino mai ka hale o Demidov a i ka hale pule Katolika, me nā haumāna he nui i mahalo i ka mea i make no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻahamele no ka pono o nā haumāna kula ʻole i lawa," i hōʻike ʻia e kekahi o nā hanana. ʻO ka Luna Nui o ka Makai Shuvalov, me ka makaʻu i nā haunaele, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hale pule me nā mākaʻi, kahi i hoʻonāukiuki nui ai. Akā, ua lilo nā makaʻu i kumu ʻole. Ua hele ka huakaʻi me ka leo kanikau i ka hale kupapaʻu Katolika ma ka ʻaoʻao Vyborg, kokoke i ka Arsenal. Ma ka lua kupapaʻu o ka mea mele, ua kolo ʻo Count Orlov i ka honua me ka ʻike ʻole. Ma kāna lilo, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ma hope.
