ʻO Ivan Danilovich Zhadan (Ivan Zhadan) |

ʻO Ivan Zhadan

HE ALOHA! ʻO Ivan Zhadan a me kāna mau ola ʻelua

Inā ʻoe e nīnau i kahi mea aloha opera he aha nā tenors i ʻālohilohi ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre i nā makahiki 30, e ʻike ʻia ka pane - Lemeshev lāua ʻo Kozlovsky. I loko o ia mau makahiki i kū ai ko lākou hōkū. E ho'āʻo wau e ʻōlelo aku aia kekahi mea mele ʻaʻole i emi iki kona akamai ma mua o kēia mau mea kaʻao o ka Soviet operatic art. A ma kekahi mau ʻano, ʻoi aku paha ia! ʻO Ivan Zhadan kona inoa!

No ke aha i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā puke aʻo a me nā puke e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻike wale ʻia e nā loea? ʻO ka pane ka moʻolelo o ke ola o kēia kanaka i hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ivan Danilovich Zhadan ma Sepatemaba 22, 1902 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ukrainian o Lugansk i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea hana pahu pahu. Mai ka makahiki 9, noho ʻo ia ma ke kauhale, kahi i hoʻouna ai kona mau mākua iā ia e aʻo ma ke ʻano he ʻeleʻele. I ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia ke aloha o Ivan no ka hīmeni ʻana. Ua makemake ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana ma ka papa hīmeni o ka hale pule, ma ka male ʻana. I ka makahiki 13, hoʻi ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka home a hele i ka hana ma ka hale hana o kona makuakāne. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi a hiki i ka makahiki 1923. I ka makahiki 1920, i ka wā hoʻomaʻamaʻa koa, ʻo Ivan ke alakaʻi o ka detachment. Ua aʻo nā hoaaloha iā ia e komo i kahi pōʻai leo. Ma ʻaneʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻatikala mai nā keaka. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o "Eugene Onegin", kahi i hana ai ʻo Ivan i ka ʻāpana o Lensky, ua hui ke kanaka ʻōpio me kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻo Olga, nāna i hoʻokani i ke ʻano o Olga Larina i ka hana like (ʻo ia ka coincidence). I ka makahiki 1923, uaʻikeʻia ke kālena a Zhadan, a ua hoʻouna ka hui kālepa iā ia e aʻo ma Moscow. Ma ke kapikala, ua komo ʻo Ivan i ke kula mele ma ka Conservatory, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i haumāna no ka mea mele kaulana ʻo M. Deisha-Sionitskaya, a ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia i ka papa o Professor EE Egorov. He paʻakikī ke ola i loko o ka hale hoʻokipa, ʻaʻole lawa nā kālā, a ua koi ʻia ka haumāna ʻōpio e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻeleʻele, a laila ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo ma ka Air Force Academy, kahi i hele ai ka mea hoʻolālā mokulele kaulana ʻo AS Yakovlev i kāna mau haumāna. Haʻaheo mau ʻo Zhadan i kēia ʻaoʻao o kona ola. I ka makahiki 1926, hoʻomaka ʻo Ivan e kono ʻia i ka lekiō. I ka makahiki 1927 ua komo ʻo ia i ka Opera Studio o ka Bolshoi Theatre, i alakaʻi ʻia e KS Stanislavsky, ka mea i hiki ke mahalo i ke talena o ka mea mele a me kāna "diction impeccable". A i ka hopena o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka mea mele i ka hoʻokūkū ʻo Bolshoi Theatre.

Ua holomua ka hana a Ivan. Ua ʻike ʻia ke kālena lyrical o ka mea mele, nona ka timbre nani loa. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻāpana kuleana mua o ka malihini India, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o Sinodal ma Rubinstein's The Demon (1929).

I ka makahiki 1930, ua komo 'o ia i ka hana mua o ka opera Almast a A. Spendiarov. Me nā hana i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hele ikaika ka mea pena a puni ka ʻāina, e kamaʻilio me ka poʻe hana. Hāʻawiʻo ia i nā'ahamele patronage ma ka pūʻali koa, me ka Far East, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia i ka makahiki 1935 ka palapala hoʻohanohano mai nā lima o Marshal V. Blucher. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ola maʻamau o kahi mea pena kiʻi Soviet, maʻemaʻe a me ke ao ʻole, hoʻomau i ka ideologically. Loaʻa i nā leka hoihoi mai nā limahana a me nā mahiʻai hui. ʻAʻohe mea e hōʻike mua i ka ʻino e hiki mai ana.

Loaʻa iā Zhadan nā hana hou aʻe i ka hale keaka. Aia nā kuleana o Lensky, Faust, Duke, Berendey ("Snow Maiden"), Yurodivy, Vladimir Dubrovsky, Gerald ("Lakme"), Almaviva ("The Barber of Seville") i loko o kāna repertoire.

Me kahi hui o nā mele Soviet (V. Barsova, M. Maksakova, P. Nortsov, A. Pirogov a me nā mea'ē aʻe), i ka makahiki 1935 ua heleʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi i Turkey. Ua piha nā nūpepa Turkish i nā pane hoihoi e pili ana i ka mea mele. ʻO ka pelekikena mua o Turkey,ʻo M. Ataturk, i lilo i mea mahalo i kāna kālena, e hōʻike ana i ka mea mele ma kekahi o nā hoʻokipa me kāna pahu cigarette gula pilikino, i mālamaʻia e Zhadan ma keʻano he relic kūikawā.

Hiki mai ka hanohano i ka mea pena. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani mele nui o ka Bolshoi Theatre. Hoʻokani pinepine i ka Kremlin. Ua makemake ʻo Stalin iā ia, ua noi iā ia e hana i kēia a i kēlā hana. ʻOiai kēia mau mea a pau, ua maʻalahi ʻo Zhadan e mālama, aloha a hoʻomanaʻo i nā hoa kamaʻāina, e kono ana iā lākou i kāna mau hana. ʻO ka piko o kaʻoihana o ka mea mele i hele mai i ka makahiki 1937. I ka wā o nā lā Pushkin, konoʻiaʻo ia e hele i Riga. Ma hope o ka hoʻokani ʻana o ka mea mele i ke kuleana o Lensky, hāʻawi ke keʻena iā ia i ka hoʻōho mau ʻana. ʻO nā huakaʻi he mea ʻoluʻolu loa ia a ua noi ʻia ʻo Zhadan e hoʻolōʻihi iā lākou a hana pū ma Faust a me Rigoletto. No ka mea ʻaʻohe lole no kēia mau hana, ua hoʻouna ka ʻelele Soviet i Latvia i kahi mokulele kūikawā i Moscow (he hihia kupaianaha no kēlā mau makahiki), a ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i Riga.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia, ʻaʻole kēia he makahiki hou o ka holomua a me nā hana. ʻO 1937 ia! ʻO ka mea mua, ua nalowale ka ʻelele i Latvia ma kahi (ʻoiai he mea pōʻino ke kāhāhā i kēlā mau makahiki), a laila ua hopu ʻia ka hoaaloha o Zhadan, ka luna o ka Bolshoi Theatre VI Mutnykh. Ua hoʻomaka ke kūlana e mānoanoa. Ua kāpae ʻia ka huakaʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia o ka mea mele i Lithuania a me Estonia. ʻAʻole i kono hou ʻia ʻo ia i Kremlin. Pono wau e ʻōlelo ʻaʻole pili ʻo Ivan Danilovich i ka heluna o ka poʻe e ʻimi nei e hoʻolauna i ka pilina me ka poʻe i mana, akā ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kipaku ʻana mai ke Kremlin me ka ʻeha. He hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole ia. ʻO kekahi poʻe i hahai iā ia: ua loaʻa iā ia kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ma ka hale keaka i waiho wale ʻia me nā ʻāpana o Lensky a me Sinodal. Ua haki kekahi mea i kēia "mīkini" impeccable. E hiki mai ana ka hāʻule. Ma luna o kēlā, pono wau e hana a wehe i nā tonsils. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka noho mālie (i ka wā i hoʻopau ai ka poʻe he nui i ka mea mele), hana hou ʻo Zhadan ma ke ʻano he Lensky. Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i nā kala hou, hohonu a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona leo.

He mea paʻakikī ke haʻi i ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka mea pena ma hope aʻe, akā ua komo ke kaua. ʻO ke ola ma Bryusovsky Lane ma ka papahele o luna, kahi i noho ai ka hale o ka mea mele, ua lilo i mea weliweli. Ua hāʻule nā ​​kukui pau ʻole ma luna o ka hale kahi i kau ʻia ai ka pū anti-aircraft. ʻAʻole luhi ʻo Ivan Danilovich a me kāna mau keiki i ka hoʻolei ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka pā. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lawe ʻia ke keiki hiapo i ka pūʻali, a neʻe ka ʻohana a pau i kahi dacha ma Manikhino, kahi i kūkulu ai ka mea mele i hale me kona mau lima ponoʻī. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e ʻoi aku ka palekana ma ʻaneʻi. Nui nā mea pena kiʻi i noho ma kēia wahi. Ma ka pūnaewele ua ʻeli ʻo Zhadan i kahi ʻauwaha. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pakele ʻana i ka pū i loko. I loko o kekahi o ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā Kelemania, ua ʻoki ʻia ke ala i Moscow. A ʻaʻole liuliu, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua ma ke kauhale. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Ivan Danilovich i ke ʻano o ia mea:

• Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Manihino e nā Kelemania. He nui mākou, nā mea hoʻokani mele o ka Bolshoi Theatre, a laila. No laila, komo mai kekahi luna i koʻu hale, kahi me aʻu i kēlā manawa kekahi mea hoʻokani pila i ʻike maikaʻi i ka Kelemānia, baritone Volkov a me kekahi mau mea pena. “ʻO wai lākou?” i ninau ikaika ai. "Nā mea pena," i ʻōhumu ai ka mea hoʻokani piano weliweli a make. Noʻonoʻo iki ka luna, a laila, ʻālohilohi kona helehelena. "Hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani iā ​​Wagner?" Ua kunou ʻo Volkov i kona poʻo i ka ʻae ʻana…

ʻAʻole manaʻolana ke kūlana. Ua ʻike ʻo Zhadan i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana o kāna hoaaloha maikaʻi loa ʻo A. Pirogov no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia mai Moscow a Kuibyshev. ʻO wai ka mea i mālama i kāna wahine maʻi? I ka wā wale nō i lilo ai nā hoʻopiʻi hoʻoweliweli (ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻōlelo e kali ana ʻo Pirogov i nā Kelemania), ua koi ʻia ka mea mele e haʻalele me kāna wahine maʻi nui. A eia - aia ma ka ʻāina i noho ʻia! ʻAʻole ʻo Ivan Danilovich he kanaka naʻaupō. Ua ʻike ʻo ia he mea hoʻokahi - hoʻomoana (ma ka maikaʻi). A ʻo ia, kāna wahine a me kāna keiki ʻōpio, me kahi hui o nā mea pena (13 poʻe) hoʻoholo e haʻalele me nā Kelemania. Ua pololei ʻo ia! (ʻoiai ua aʻo nui au ma hope). ʻO kāna makuahōnōwai 68 makahiki, ʻaʻole i ʻaʻa e hele pū me lākou, ua hoʻokuke ʻia i ka Territory Krasnoyarsk. ʻO ka hopena hoʻokahi i kali i ke keiki hiapo, i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1953.

Ua hoʻomaka ke ola "lua" o ka mea pena. ʻO ka hele ʻana me ka poʻe Kelemania, ka pōloli a me ke anu, nā manaʻo kānalua o ka mākaʻikaʻi, kahi kokoke i alakaʻi i ka pepehi ʻana. Hoʻopakele wale ʻia e ka hiki ke hīmeni - makemake ka poʻe Kelemania i nā mele kahiko. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka ʻoihana ʻAmelika, kahi i pau ai ka mea mele a me kona ʻohana i ka manawa o ka haʻalele ʻana o Kelemania. Akā ʻaʻole i pau nā lā ʻino ma laila. Uaʻike nā kānaka a pau no ka pono o kekahi mau pono kālai'āina, uaʻae nā hoa pili me Stalin i ka hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻana o nā mea i haʻaleleʻia. He pōʻino. Ua hoʻouna ikaika ʻia nā kānaka i kekahi make a i ʻole i kahi hoʻomoana e nā ʻelele o ke aupuni democracy Komohana. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Zhadan a me kāna wahine e peʻe, noho kaʻawale, hoʻololi i ko lākou mau inoa hope, ʻoiai ua ʻimi pū nā lawelawe kūikawā Soviet i nā mea hoʻokuke.

A laila hiki mai kekahi huli koʻikoʻi i ka hopena o Ivan Danilovich. Ua hui ʻo ia me kahi ʻōpio ʻAmelika ʻo Doris (he 23 mau makahiki). Ua aloha kekahi i kekahi. I kēia manawa, ua maʻi nui ka wahine a Zhadan ʻo Olga, a ua hana ke kauka Kelemania i kahi hana paʻakikī iā ia. ʻO Doris, mahalo i nā pilina me nā hoaaloha o ke Kākau'ōlelo o ka Moku'āinaʻoʻAmelika, e hoʻomalu iā Ivan Danilovich, a laila kāna wahine, iʻAmelika. Ma hope o ka ho'ōla houʻana, hāʻawi ka wahine i ka hemo iā Zhadan. Hiki i nā mea a pau me ka maluhia, a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā, noho mau'o Olga i hoaaloha no'Ivan. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike iā ia ma Polani (kahi i noho ai kona kaikuahine mai 1919) me kāna keiki hiapo, a ma 1976 e kipa aku iā ia ma Moscow. Ua make ʻo Olga Nikiforovna ma USA i ka makahiki 1983.

ʻAʻole i lanakila ʻo Ivan Danilovich i kāna ʻoihana hīmeni ma ʻAmelika. Nui nā kumu. ʻO nā ho'āʻo i hāʻule i kona hailona, ​​a hiki i 50 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i kōkua i kēia. Eia kekahi, he malihini ia ma keia ao. Ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ʻelua manawa (kōkua ʻia e kāna wahine ʻōpio ʻo Doris) e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma Carnegie Hall. Ua lanakila loa nā hana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomau. ʻAʻole i pili ka impresario ʻAmelika iā ia.

ʻO ka moeʻuhane o Ivan Danilovich e noho i kahi wahi mahana ma ka moana. A ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kāna moeʻuhane ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka puʻuhonua ma ka mokupuni liʻiliʻi o St. Maanei i hiki mai ai ke akamai hana o kona wa opiopio. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hana pōhaku ma kekahi o nā hui ʻo Rockefeller, e mālama ana i ke kālā no kāna ʻāpana ʻāina. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina a haku iā ia me kona mau lima ponoʻī, ua kūkulu ʻo Zhadan i kekahi mau hale ma luna o laila, a ua hoʻolimalima ʻo ia i nā mākaʻikaʻi mai ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke Komohana. He mau hoaaloha kona, me nā poʻe koʻikoʻi. Ua kipa ʻia ʻo ia e ka Pelekikena o Finland M. Koivisto. me lākou i hīmeni ai i kahi duet ma Russian "Black Eyes" a me nā mele ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole ʻo ia i manaʻolana e kipa aku i kona ʻāina hānau. Akā, ua hoʻoholo hou ka hopena. Ua hoʻomaka nā manawa hou ma Rusia. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 80, hiki ke kamaʻilio me kāna keiki. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻomanaʻo pū ʻia ʻo Ivan Danilovich. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi papahana e pili ana iā ia ma ke kīwī (ua mālama ʻia e Svyatoslav Belza). A i ka hopena, ma hope o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, ua hiki iā Ivan Danilovich Zhadan ke hele hou i kona ʻāina hānau, e apo i kāna keiki ponoʻī. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma ʻAukake 1992, ma ka pō o ka lā 90 o ka lā hānau o ka mea pena. Ua aʻoʻo ia he nui nā hoaalohaʻaʻole i poina iā ia, ua kōkua lākou i kā lāua keiki i nā makahiki paʻakikī (e like me ka mea mele Vera Davydova, ka mea i hana i nā makahiki Stalin e pili ana i kāna palapala noho Moscow). A i ke keiki, i ka wā i nīnau ʻia ai inā hōʻino ʻo ia i kona makuakāne no nā makahiki i nalowale i ke pio ʻana, pane mai ʻo ia: "No ke aha lā wau e hōʻino aku ai iā ia? Ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele i kona ʻāina hānau ma nā kūlana i hiki ʻole i kekahi ke wehewehe ... Ua pepehi ʻo ia i kekahi, kumakaia i kekahi? ʻAʻole, ʻaʻohe aʻu mea e hōʻino aku ai i koʻu makuakāne. Haʻaheo au iā ia” (1994 nīnūnē ma Trud nūpepa).

Ma Pepeluali 15, 1995, i ka makahiki 93, ua make ʻo Ivan Danilovich Zhadan.

E. Tsoodokov