Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

ʻO Giordano, e like me nā mea he nui o kona mau lā, noho mau i ka mōʻaukala ka mea kākau o hoʻokahi opera, ʻoiai ua kākau ʻo ia ma mua o ʻumi. ʻO ke akamai o Puccini i uhi i kāna kālena haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ko Giordano hoʻoilina. Ma waena o kāna mau keaka, aia nā opera verist, piha i nā makemake kūlohelohe, e like me Mascagni's Rural Honor a me Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Aia kekahi mau mele mele, e like me nā keaka a Puccini - me nā manaʻo hohonu a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, e hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia i nā moʻolelo moʻolelo i hana ʻia e nā mea kākau Farani. I ka pau ʻana o kona ola ʻana, ua huli pū ʻo Giordano i nā ʻano comic.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Umberto Giordano ma 28 (e like me nā kumu ʻē aʻe 27) ʻAukake 1867 ma ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Foggia ma ka moku ʻo Apulia. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻo ia e lilo i kauka, akā i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhā ua hoʻouna kona makuakāne iā ia i ka Naples Conservatory o San Pietro Maiella, kahi i aʻo ai ke kumu maikaʻi loa o ia manawa, ʻo Paolo Serrao. Ma waho a'e o ka haku mele, ua a'o 'o Giordano i ka piano, ka okana a me ka violin. I ka wā o kāna aʻo ʻana, ua haku ʻo ia i kahi symphony, kahi overture a me kahi opera hoʻokahi ʻo Marina, āna i waiho ai i kahi hoʻokūkū i hoʻolaha ʻia ma 1888 e ka mea hoʻopuka Roma ʻo Edoardo Sonzogno. Ua lanakila ʻo Mascagni's Rural Honor i ka makana mua, ʻo ia ka mea i wehe i kahi manawa hou - veristic - i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo "Marina" i kekahi makana, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, akā ʻo Giordano, ka muli loa o ka poʻe i komo i ka hoʻokūkū, ua hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka jure, nāna i hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā Sonzogno e hele lōʻihi ka mea kākau iwakāluakūmākahi makahiki. Ua hoʻomaka ka mea hoʻopuka e hoʻolohe i nā manaʻo maikaʻi o Giordano i ka wā i hoʻopuka ai ka hale paʻi puke Ricordi me Sonzogno i kāna piano Idyll, a ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ka string quartet e ka poʻe paʻi ma ka Naples Conservatory. Ua kono ʻo Sonzogno iā Giordano, ka mea e puka ana i kēia makahiki mai ka conservatory, i Roma, nāna i hoʻokani ʻo Marina nona, a ua kau inoa ka mea hoʻopuka i kahi ʻaelike no kahi opera hou. Ua koho ʻo ia i ka libretto e pili ana i ka pāʻani "The Vow" na ka mea kākau Neapolitan kaulana i kēia manawa ʻo Giacomo, e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona mai ke ola o ka Neapolitan lalo. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka opera, i kapa ʻia ʻo The Lost Life, ʻo The Rural Honor, a ua hana ʻia ma Roma i ka makahiki 1892, ma ka lā like me ka Pagliacci. A laila ʻike ʻo The Lost Life i ka mālamalama o ka limelight ma waho o Italia, ma Vienna, kahi i kūleʻa nui ai, a ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai ua puka mai kāna paʻi lua ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa ʻo The Vow.

Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka conservatory me ka makana mua, ua lilo ʻo Giordano i kumu aʻo i ka makahiki 1893 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke kolu o ka opera, ʻo Regina Diaz, ma Naples. Ua ʻokoʻa loa ia mai ka mea ma mua, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kākau o Rural Honor i hana ma ke ʻano he librettists. Ua hana hou lākou i ka libretto kahiko i loko o kahi moʻolelo mōʻaukala, kahi i kākau ai ʻo Donizetti i ka mele mele aloha ʻo Maria di Rogan he hapalua haneli i hala. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā "Regina Diaz" ka ʻae ʻana o Sonzogno: ua haʻi ʻo ia i ka mea kākau mediocre a hoʻonele iā ia i ke kākoʻo waiwai. Ua hoʻoholo ka haku mele e hoʻololi i kāna ʻoihana - e lilo i alakaʻi pūʻali koa a i ʻole kumu paʻa (ua maikaʻi ʻo ia me ka pahi kaua).

Ua loli nā mea a pau i ka wā i hāʻawi aku ai ka hoaaloha o Giordano, ka mea haku mele ʻo A. Franchetti, i ka libretto "Andre Chenier", nāna i hoʻoikaika iā Giordano e hana i kāna keaka maikaʻi loa, i hoʻokani ʻia ma La Scala ma Milan i ka makahiki 1896. ʻElua mau makahiki a me ka hapa ma hope, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Fedora ma Naples . ʻO kona kūleʻa i hiki ai iā Giordano ke kūkulu i hale kokoke i Baveno, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Villa Fyodor", kahi i kākau ʻia ai kāna mau opera. Aia ma waena o lākou kekahi ma ka'āpana Lūkini - "Siberia" (1903). I loko o ia mea, huli hou ka mea haku mele i verismo, e kiʻi ana i kahi pāʻani o ke aloha a me ka lili me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa koko i ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻopaʻi Siberian. Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka laina like e The Month of Mariano (1910), e pili ana i ka pāʻani a di Giacomo. ʻO kekahi huli i ka waena waena o 1910s: Ua huli ʻo Giordano i ke ʻano comic a ma kahi o nā makahiki he ʻumi (1915-1924) ua kākau ʻo Madame Saint-Gene, Jupiter ma Pompeii (ma ka hui pū ʻana me A. Franchetti) a me The Dinner of Jokes “. ʻO kāna keaka hope ʻo The King (1929). I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua lilo ʻo Giordano i lālā o ka Academy of Italy. No nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kākau i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.

Ua make ʻo Giordano i ka lā 12 o Nowemapa, 1948 ma Milan.

A. Koenigsberg

Nā haku mele:

kahawai (12), me Regina Diaz (1894, Mercadante Theatre, Naples), André Chenier (1896, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Fedora (ma muli o ke keaka a V. Sardou, 1898, Lyrico Theatre, Milan), Siberia (Siberia). , 1903, La Scala Theatre, ibid.), Marcella (1907, Lyrico Theatre, ibid.), Madame Saint-Gene (ma muli o ka comedy Sardou, 1915, ka Metropolitan Opera, New York), Jupiter ma Pompeii (me A . ʻO Franchetti, 1921, Roma), ʻO ka ʻaina ahiahi o nā ʻakaʻaka (La cena della beffe, ma muli o ke keaka a S. Benelli, 1924, La Scala Theatre, Milan), The King (Il Re, 1929, ibid); bona - "Magic Star" (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia); no ka hookani pila – Piedigrotta, Himeni i na Makahiki (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, i hoopuka ole ia); ʻāpana piano; nā mele aloha; mele no na hana keaka keaka, etc.