Clavicytherium

ʻO ka claviciterium, a i ʻole claviciterium (French clavecin vertical; Italian cembalo verticale, Middle Latin clavicytherium – “keyboard cithara”) he ʻano harpsichord me ka hoʻonohonoho kū pololei o ke kino a me nā kaula (French clavecin vertical; Italian cembalo verticale).

E like me ka piano, ua lawe ka harpsichord i kahi ākea nui, no laila ua hana koke ʻia kahi ʻano kuʻuna o ia mea, i kapa ʻia ʻo "claviciterium". He mea kani maʻemaʻe a paʻa, he ʻano lira me kahi kī.

No ka maʻalahi o ka pāʻani ʻana, ua paʻa ke kīpē o ka claviciterium i kahi kūlana ākea, aia ma kahi mokulele e kū pono ana i ka mokulele o nā kaula, a ua loaʻa i ka mīkini pāʻani kahi hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka neʻe mai nā ʻaoʻao hope o nā kī i ka poʻe lele. , i waiho pū ʻia ma kahi kūlana.

Wehe ʻia ka uhi mua o ka claviciterium i ka wā e hoʻokani ʻia ai, kahe manuahi ka leo a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā ʻano mea kani kīwī i ʻohi ʻia me nā nui like.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka claviciterium ma ke ʻano he solo, keʻena-ensemble a me ka mea hoʻokani pila.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hoʻonani maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kani o nā kenekulia 17 a me 18 me nā kiʻi pena, nā kiʻi kālai a me nā inlays.

 ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano pena maʻamau ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona Baibala e hōʻike ana i nā mea kani.

No ka laʻana, i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻEulopa o ka Middle Ages a me ka Renaissance, ua pili ikaika ka harp me ka mōʻī Baibala ʻo David, ka mea kākau moʻolelo o nā mele. Ma nā kiʻi pena, ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻokani ana i kēia mea kani i kona wā e mālama ana i nā pipi (he kahu hipa ʻo David i kona wā ʻōpiopio). ʻO ia ʻano wehewehe ʻana o ka moʻolelo Baibala i hoʻokokoke aku ai i ke aliʻi ʻo David iā Orpheus, nāna i hoʻokalakala i nā holoholona me kāna hoʻokani ʻana i ka lira. Akā, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Dāvida e hoʻokani ana ma ka lira i mua o Saula melancholy: “A hoʻouna akula ʻo Saula iā Iese e ʻōlelo aku, E hoʻokauwā ʻo Dāvida me aʻu; A i ka manawa i kau mai ai ka ʻUhane mai ke Akua mai ma luna o Saula, a laila, lawe ʻo Dāvida i ka lira, hoʻokani, a ʻoliʻoli a maikaʻi ʻo Saula, a haʻalele ka ʻuhane ʻino mai ona aku "(1 Kings, 16: 22-23).

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena haku mele nani e kahi mea pena kiʻi Bohemian ʻike ʻole o ke kenekulia XNUMX, nāna i hoʻonani i ka claviciterium me kāna kiʻi pena, kahi āna i hōʻike ai iā King David e hoʻokani ana i ka harp. I kēia manawa, aia kēia mea kani i ka New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Ua mālama ʻia ka claviciterium kahiko loa e ola nei ma ke Kula Nui o Music ma Lākana. Manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 1480 hana. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hana ʻia ma Kelemānia Hema, ma Ulm a i ʻole Nuremberg.