ʻO ka clavichord - ka mea mua o ka piano

ʻO CLAVICHORD (ka hope Latin clavichordium, mai Latin clavis - kī a me ka Helene χορδή - string) - kahi kīʻaha liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka percussion-clamping mea kani - ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua o ka piano.

Ma waho, ua like ka clavichord me ka piano. ʻO kona mau ʻāpana he hihia me kahi kīpē a me ʻehā mau kū. Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia kahi e pau ai nā mea like. Ua unuhi ʻia ke kani o ka clavichord ma muli o nā mechanics tangent. He aha ia ʻano hana? Ma ka hope o ke kī, he pine metala ka clavichord me ke poʻo palahalaha - he tangent (mai Latin tangens - hoʻopā, hoʻopā), ka mea, ke kaomi ʻana i ke kī, hoʻopā i ke kaula a paʻa mau iā ia, e māhele ana i ke kaula. i 2 mau ʻāpana:

1. ʻoluʻolu e haʻalulu a kani;
2. uhi ʻia me ka wili palupalu.

Ma muli o kahi i pā ai ka tangent, hiki i ke kaula hoʻokahi ke hana i ke kani o nā pitch like ʻole.

ʻElua ʻano o nā clavichord:

• ʻo ka poʻe i hoʻohana i ke kaula hoʻokahi no nā leo like ʻole - nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā clavichord i hoʻopili ʻia - nā tangents o 2-3 mau kī i hana ʻia ma ke kaula hoʻokahi (no ka laʻana, i nā clavichords me nā kī 46, ʻo ka helu o nā kaula he 22-26);
• nā mea i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia leo (ki) kona kaula ponoʻī - "free" clavichord - i loko o ia mau kī e pili ana i kahi kaula kūikawā.

(A/B) kī; (1A/1B) PTTs (metala); (2A/2B) kī; (3) kaula (ʻoi aku ka pololei, kona ʻāpana kani i ka wā e paʻi ʻia ai ka tangent); (4) papa kani; (5) pine hoʻokani; (6) damper

I kekahi manawa ua pōkole ka octave haʻahaʻa o ka clavichord - hapa diatonic. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mahana a me ka hōʻike ʻana, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka leo o ka mea kani e kahi ala kūikawā o ka hana leo - he akahele, me he mea lā e kolo ana i ke kī. Hoʻoluliluli iki i ke kī i kaomi ʻia (pili ʻia i ke kaula), hiki ke hāʻawi i ke kani i ka haʻalulu. Ua lilo kēia ʻano hana i mea hoʻokani maʻamau no ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka clavichord, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ma nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

Moʻolelo a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka clavichord kekahi o nā mea kani kahiko loa a loaʻa mai ka monochord kahiko. Ua ʻōlelo mua ʻia ka inoa "clavichord" i nā palapala mai 1396, a ua hana ʻia ka mea kani kahiko loa i ka makahiki 1543 e Domenicus Pisaurensis a aia i kēia manawa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Leipzig o nā mea kani.

Ua māhele ʻia ʻo Clavichord ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o kahi pahu rectangular a waiho ʻia ma ka pākaukau i ka wā o ka pāʻani. Ma hope mai, ua lako ke kino me nā wāwae. ʻO nā ana o ka clavichord mai nā mea kani puke liʻiliʻi (octave) a hiki i nā mea nui, me ke kino a hiki i 1,5 mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka helu o nā octaves ma mua he ʻelua a me ka hapa wale nō, akā mai ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX ua hoʻonui ʻia i ʻehā, a ma hope ua like ia me ʻelima octaves.

Mea haku mele a me clavichord

 No ka clavichord, ua hana ʻia nā hana e nā mea haku mele nui e like me IS Bach, kāna keiki ʻo CFE Bach, VA Mozart a me L. van Beethoven (ʻoiai i ka manawa o ka hope, ua hele a wikiwiki loa ka piano - he mea kani. Ua makemake nui ʻo Beethoven). Ma muli o kona kani mālie, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka clavichord i ka nohona home a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19. hope loa i pani ʻia e ka pianoforte.