Moolelo o ka clavichord
He nui nā mea kani ma ka honua: nā kaula, nā makani, ka percussion a me nā kī. ʻO nā mea hana a pau i hoʻohanaʻia i kēia lā he moʻolelo waiwai. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kekahi o kēia mau "kahiko" he pianoforte. He mau kūpuna ko kēia mea kani, ʻo ia ka clavichord.
ʻO ka inoa "clavichord" mai nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua - ka Latin clavis - kī, a me ka Greek xop - string. ʻO ka haʻi mua ʻana o kēia mea kani mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 14, a mālama ʻia ke kope kahiko loa i kēia lā ma kekahi o nā hale hōʻikeʻike Leipzig.ʻOkoʻa loa ka mea hana a me ke ʻano o nā clavichord mua mai ka piano. I ka nānā muaʻana, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kahi pahu lāʻau like, kahi papa keyboard me nā kīʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Akā i kou hoʻokokoke ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana kekahi e ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kīpē, ʻaʻohe pedals ma lalo o ka mea kani, a ʻaʻohe kickstands nā kumu mua loa. ʻAʻole ia he pōʻino, no ka mea, i nā kenekulia 14 a me 15, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā clavichord e nā mea hoʻokani pila. I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻaʻole pilikia nui ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea kani mai kēlā me kēia wahi, ua hana ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui (ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi mika), me nā kaula o ka lōʻihi like i hohola ʻia me nā paia o ka pā. hihia a me nā kī i ka nui o 12 apana. Ma mua o ka pāʻani ʻana, kau ka mea hoʻokani i ka clavichord ma luna o ka pākaukau a i ʻole ke pāʻani pono ʻana ma kona ʻūhā.
ʻOiai, me ka ulu nui o ka mea kani, ua loli kona helehelena. Kū paʻa ka clavichord ma nā wāwae 4, ua hana ʻia ka hihia mai nā ʻano lāʻau pipiʻi - spruce, cypress, Karelian birch, a hoʻonani ʻia e like me nā ʻano o ka manawa a me ke ʻano. Akā ʻo nā ana o ka mea kani i kona ola ʻana he mau liʻiliʻi - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kino ma mua o 1,5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka nui o ka kīpē he 35 kī a i ʻole 5 octaves (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, he 88 mau kī a me 12 octaves ka piano) .
No ke kani, mālama ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO kahi pūʻulu o nā kaula metala i loko o ke kino i kani leo mahalo i nā mechanics tangent. ʻO ka tangent, he pine metala poʻo pālahalaha, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kumu o ke kī. I ke kaomi ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani i ke kī, pili ka tangent me ke kaula a paʻa mau iā ia. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka kekahi ʻāpana o ke kaula e haʻalulu a kani. ʻO ke kani o ka leo i loko o ka clavichord i hilinaʻi pololei i kahi i hoʻopā ʻia ai ka tanget a me ka ikaika o ka paʻi ʻana i ke kī.
Akā, no ka nui o ka makemake o ka poʻe mele e hoʻokani i ka clavichord ma nā keʻena ʻaha mele nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana pēlā. Ua kūpono ke kani mālie kūikawā no ka home a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻolohe. A inā pili ka leo ma kahi liʻiliʻi i ka mea hoʻokani, a laila hilinaʻi pololei iā ia ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana, nā ʻenehana mele. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka clavichord ke pāʻani i kahi leo vibrating kūikawā, i hana ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano tangent. Hiki i nā mea kani ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopuka i kahi kani like mamao.
No kekahi mau kenekulia, ʻo ka clavichord ka mea kani punahele a nā mea haku mele he nui: Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. No kēia mea kani, ua kākau ʻo Johann S. Bach i kāna mea kaulana "Das Wohltemperierte Klavier" - he pōʻai o 48 fugues a preludes. Ma ke kenekulia 19 wale nō i hoʻololi ʻia e kāna mea hoʻokani leo ʻoi aʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - ka pianoforte. Akā ʻaʻole i poina ka mea hana. I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā haku restorers e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka mea kani kahiko i mea e lohe hou ai i ke kani o ke keʻena o nā hana a nā haku haku mele.
