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lat. factura - hana, hana, hoʻolālā, mai facio - hana wau, hana wau, hana wau; German Faktur, Satz - hale kūʻai, Satzweise, Schreibweise - ke ʻano kākau; French facture, structure, conformation - mea hana, hoʻohui; ʻO ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ke ʻano, ke ʻano, ke kūkulu ʻana; ital. hale kūkulu

Ma keʻano ākea - kekahi o nāʻaoʻao o keʻano mele, ua hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka manaʻo nani a me ka noʻonoʻo o keʻano mele i ka lokahi me nā mea a pau o ka'ōlelo; ma keʻano liʻiliʻi aʻoi aku ka maʻamau - ka hoʻolālā kiko'ī o ka lole mele, ka hōʻike mele.

Hōʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "texture" e pili ana i ka manaʻo o "hale waihona mele". Monodic. ʻO ka hale kūʻai ke manaʻo nei he "horizontal dimension" wale nō me ka ʻole o kahi pilina kūpaʻa. Ma ka unison monodich. laʻana (Gregorian chant, Znamenny chant) hoʻokahi poʻo. ʻano lole mele a me F. like. Monodic waiwai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo F., no ka laʻana, ke mele o ka Hikina. ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole i ka polyphony: ma Uzbek. a me taj. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Makome singing instr. hui pū me nā pahu hoʻokani usul. Monodic. hale kūʻai a me F. maʻalahi hele i loko o ka hanana intermediate ma waena o monody a me polyphony - i loko o ka heterophonic hōʻike, kahi unison mele i loko o ke kaʻina hana e lilo oi complicated decomp. koho melodic-textural.

ʻO ke kumu o ka polyphony. hale kūʻai - correlation at the same time. nā mele kani. laina kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ia mea (ʻoi aʻe a i ʻole kūʻokoʻa i nā consonances e kū mai ana ma ka vertical) ʻo ia ke kumu o ka muses. palapala. I ke mele polyphonic Hōʻike nā kiko o ka leo i ke ʻano o ka hana like ʻana, akā hiki iā lākou ke hana multifunctional. Ma waena o nā ʻano o nā mea hana polyphonic F. He mea nui ka density a me ka sparseness ("viscosity" a me "transparency"), hoʻoponopono ʻia ka rai e ka helu polyphonic. nā leo (nā haku o kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i kākau ʻoluʻolu no 8-12 mau leo, e mālama ana i hoʻokahi ʻano o F. me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka sonority; akā naʻe, i ka lehulehu he mea maʻamau ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka polyphony nani me nā leo ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, no ka mea. laʻana, Crucifixus i ka lehulehu o Palestrina). Palestrina wale no outlines, a ma ke kakau manuahi, hoohana nui ia na hana polyphonic. mānoanoa, mānoanoa (ʻoi loa ma ka hopena o ka ʻāpana) me ke kōkua o ka hoʻonui a me ka emi ʻana, stretta (fugue i C-dur mai ka 1st volume o Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier), nā hui pū ʻana o nā kumuhana like ʻole (ke coda o ka hope o ʻO ka symphony a Taneyev ma c-moll). I ka laʻana ma lalo nei, ʻo ka mānoanoa kikokiko ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka kikokikona o ka 1st ( kanakolukūmālua) a me 2nd (chords) mau mea o ke kumuhana.

JS Bach. Fugue ma D-dur mai ka helu 1 o ka Well-Tempered Clavier (pa 23-27).

No ka polyphonic F. he ʻano maʻamau o ka lokahi o ke kumu, ka nele o nā ʻokoʻa ʻoi i ka sonority, a me ka helu mau o nā leo. ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai kaulana o ka polyphonic P. - fluidity; polyphony. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo F. e ka hoʻonui mau ʻana, ka nele o nā huaʻōlelo maoli ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka thematic piha. lokahi. Ka wehewehe ʻana i ka waiwai no ka polyphonic. F. he rhythmic. a me ka ratio thematic o na balota. Me nā lōʻihi like, ʻike ʻia kahi hīmeni F. ma nā leo āpau. ʻAʻole like kēia F. me ka chord-harmonic, ʻoiai ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka neʻe ʻana ma ʻaneʻi e ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka melodic. nā laina i kēlā me kēia leo, ʻaʻole ma nā pilina hana o nā harmonics. vertical, laʻana:

F. d'Ana. He ʻāpana mai ka motet.

ʻO ka hihia ʻē aʻe he polyphonic. F., e pili ana i ka metrorhythm piha. kūʻokoʻa o nā leo, e like me nā canons mensural (e nānā i ka laʻana ma v. Canon, kolamu 692); ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka polyphonic hoʻohui. Hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo F. ma ke ʻano kumuhana. a me ka rhythmic. e like me lakou iho. nā leo (ma ka hoʻohālike, canons, fugues, etc.). ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ka Polyphonic F. i kahi rhythmic koi. ka stratification a me ka ratio like ole o na leo: na leo contrapuntal e nee ana iloko o na manawa pokole, he kumu ia no ka cantus firmus nui (ma na nui a me na mote o na keneturi 15-16, ma na hoonohonoho himeni okana a Bach). I ka mele o nā manawa ma hope (19th a me 20th keneturia), polyphony o nā kumuhana like ʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia, e hana ana i nā kiʻi ʻokoʻa F. (no ka laʻana, ka interweaving textured o nā leitmotifs o ke ahi, hopena, a me ka moeʻuhane o Brünnhilde i ka hopena o ka opera a Wagner ʻO Valkyrie. ). Ma waena o nā hanana hou o ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia: F. linear polyphony (ka neʻe ʻana o nā leo like ʻole a me ke kani ʻole, e ʻike i ka Milhaud's Chamber Symphonies); P., pili me ka paʻakikī dissonant duplication o polyphonic. nā leo a lilo i polyphony o nā papa (pinepine i ka hana a O. Messiaen); "dematerialized" pointillistic. F. ma op. A. Webern a me ka poligon kue. ʻeha orc. kuʻi ʻia e A. Berg lāua ʻo A. Schoenberg; polyphonic F. aleatory (ma V. Lutoslavsky) a me ka sonoristic. hopena (na K. Penderecki).

O. Mesia. Epouvante (Rhythmic canon. Example No 50 mai kāna puke "The Technique of My Musical Language").

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "F." pili i ke mele harmonica. hale kūʻai. I loko o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano harmonic. F. ʻO ka mua a me ka maʻalahi loa kona mahele i ka homophonic-harmonic a me ka chordal kūpono (i manaʻoʻia he hihia kūikawā o ka homophonic-harmonic). ʻO Chordal F. he monorhythmic: hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā leo āpau i nā leo o ka lōʻihi like (ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Tchaikovsky's overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet). I ka homophonic harmonic. F. kiʻi o ke mele, bass a me nā leo hoʻohui ua maopopo kaʻawale (ka hoʻomaka o Chopin's c-moll nocturne). ʻO kēia mau mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. nā ʻano hōʻike harmonic. consonances (Tyulin, 1976, ch. 3rd, 4th): a) harmonic. he kiʻi kiʻi o ke ʻano chord-figurative, e hōʻike ana i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā leo puʻupuʻu (prelude C-dur mai ka leo mua o Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier); b) puolo. kiʻi - ka hana hou ʻana o kahi kani a i ʻole ke mele (poem D-dur op. 1 No 32 na Scriabin); c) ʻokoʻa. lua, eg. i ka octave me ka orc. hōʻike (he minuet mai ka symphony a Mozart ma g-moll) a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka pālua ʻana i ke kolu, ke ono, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi "move tape" ("Musical Moment" op. 2 No 16 na Rachmaninov); d) nā ʻano mele like ʻole. nā kiʻi, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka melodic. ka neʻe ʻana i ka lokahi. nā leo - ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke mele ma ka hele ʻana a me ke kōkua. nā kani (etude c-moll op. 3 No 10 na Chopin), melodicization (ka papa mele a me ka hōʻike o ke mele o ke kumuhana nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pena 12 "Sadko" na Rimsky-Korsakov) a me ka polyphonization o nā leo (hoʻomaka i "Lohengrin" na Wagner), melodic-rhythmic "revitalization" org. kiko (4th pena "Sadko", helu 4). ʻO ka systematization i hāʻawi ʻia o nā ʻano harmonic. ʻO F. ka mea maʻamau. I ke mele, nui nā ʻano kikoʻī kikoʻī, ʻo ke ʻano o ia a me nā ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻoholo ʻia e stylistic. nā loina o kēia mele-moʻolelo. eras; no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mōʻaukala o F. mai ka moʻolelo o ka harmoni, orchestration (ʻoi aku ka laulā, instrumentalism), a me ka hana.

Harmonic. hale kūʻai a me F. mai ka polyphony; no ka laʻana, Palestrina, ka mea i manaʻo maikaʻi i ka nani o ka soberness, hiki ke hoʻohana i ke kiʻi o nā chords e puka mai ana ma luna o nā ana he nui me ke kōkua o ka polyphonic paʻakikī (canons) a me ke mele ponoʻī. 'o ia ho'i (crossings, duplications), mahalo i ka lokahi, e like me ka jeweler me ka pohaku (Kyrie mai ka nui o Pope Marcello, kaola 9-11, 12-15 - elima counterpoint). No ka manawa lōʻihi ma instr. prod. haku mele o ka 17th century chorus addiction. F. Ua maopopo ka palapala koʻikoʻi (e laʻa, ma org. Honi. ʻO Ya Sweelinka), a ua ʻoluʻolu ka poʻe haku mele i nā ʻenehana maʻalahi a me nā kiʻi o ka harmonica hui ʻia. a me ka polyphonic. F. (ex. J. Frescobaldi). ʻO ka hana hōʻike a F. hooikaika i ka hana ana. 2nd kane 17 in. (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā spatial-textural juxtapositions o solo a me tutti ma Op. A. Corelli). Mele I. C. Ua hōʻailona ʻia ʻo Bach e ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe loa o F. (chaconne d-moll no ka violin solo, "Goldberg Variations", "Brandenburg Concertos"), a ma kekahi virtuoso Op. (“Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue”; Fantasy G-dur for organ, BWV 572) Hana ʻo Bach i nā ʻike kikokikona, a laila hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā mea aloha. Hōʻike ʻia ke mele o nā mele Viennese e ka māmā o ka lokahi a, no laila, ka maʻalahi o nā hiʻohiʻona textured. Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe haku mele i nā ʻano kikokikona maʻalahi a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana (e laʻana, nā kiʻi e like me nā paukū a i ʻole arpeggios), ʻaʻole i kūʻē i ka manaʻo iā F. ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi (e ʻike, no ka laʻana, ka waena o ka hoʻololi 4 mai ka neʻe mua ʻana o ka sonata No 1 a Mozart A-dur, K.-V. 331); i ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo mai Allegri sonatas, ua like ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka motivic me ka hoʻomohala kikokikona (no ka laʻana, ma nā ʻāpana nui a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka neʻe mua o ka Sonata No 1 a Beethoven). Ma ke mele o ke kenekulia 19, ma waena o nā haku mele Romantic, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa. nā ʻano like ʻole o F. - i kekahi manawa lush a multi-layered, i kekahi manawa ʻoluʻolu ma ka home, i kekahi manawa fantastically quirky; ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kikokikona a me nā stylistic ikaika e kū mai ana ma ka hana a hoʻokahi haku (cf. ʻokoʻa a ikaika F. sonata ma ka h-moll no ka piano. a me ke kaha kiʻi fp i hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia. pāʻani "Grey Clouds" na Liszt). ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā mele o ke kenekulia 19. - ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ʻo ka hoihoi i ke ʻano kupaianaha, ʻokoʻa, ʻano o ke ʻano o ka romanticism, ua maʻalahi ka hōʻole ʻana i nā kiʻi maʻamau ma F. Loaʻa nā ʻano hana kūikawā no ke koho ʻana i ka multi-octave o kahi mele (Liszt); ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ka F. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani mele i loaʻa, ʻo ka mea mua, i ke mele o nā harmonies ākea. kiʻi (incl. h ma ke ano maa mau e like me ka fp hope loa. sonata b-moll Chopin), i kekahi manawa e lilo ana i polyphonic. hōʻike (ke kumumanaʻo o kahi ʻaoʻao i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ballad 1st no ka piano. Chopin). Ua kākoʻo nā ʻano kikokikona i ka hoihoi o ka mea hoʻolohe i ka wok. a instr. nā pōʻai o nā mea liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻoulu ʻia i ka haku mele i nā ʻano i hilinaʻi pololei ʻia ma F. - nā etudes, nā ʻano like ʻole, nā rhapsodies. Hauʻoli Lā Hānau. lima, aia ka polyphonization o F. ma ka laulā (ka hopena o ka violin sonata a Frank) a me ka harmonica. nā kiʻi kiʻi (8-ch. canon i ka hoʻolauna ʻana iā Wagner's Rhine Gold). ʻO Rus. Ua ʻike nā mea mele i kahi kumu o nā sonorities hou i nā ʻenehana kikokikona o ka Hikina. mele (e ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo "Islamei" a Balakirev). ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui loa. nā hoʻokō o ke kenekulia 19 ma kahi o F. - hoʻoikaika i kona waiwai motivic, thematic. ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana (R. Wagner, I. Brahms): ma kekahi Op. ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ana hoʻokahi o ka non-thematic. mea (eg symphony in c-moll, piano. ʻO Taneyev Quintet, nā opera hope loa a Rimsky-Korsakov). ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka F. ka puka ana mai o P.-harmony a me F.-timbre. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka mea ma lalo o nā kūlana, hele ʻia ka lokahi, me he mea lā, i ka Ph., ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo nui ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana e ka haku mele e like me ka hoʻonohonoho kiʻi: ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā "papa" o ka chord. me kekahi i kekahi, me na papa inoa o ka piano, me ka orkestra e mua. hui; ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ke kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ka chord, ʻo ia hoʻi e. pehea i lawe ʻia ai. Aia nā laʻana o F.-harmony ma Op. M. AP Mussorgsky (no ka laʻana, "Clock with chimes" mai ka hana ʻelua. opera "Boris Godunov"). Akā ma ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia ʻano o ke mele o ke kenekulia 20: ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo F.-harmony i ka hana ʻana o. A. N. Scriabin (ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hapa mua o ka 1th fp. sonata; ka hopena o ka 7th fp. sonata; chord hope fp. poem "To the Flame"), K. Debussy, S. MA Rachmaninov. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hui ʻana o F. a ʻo ka lokahi e hoʻoholo ai i ka timbre (fp. pāʻani iā ​​"Skarbo" na Ravel), i ʻōlelo nui ʻia ma ka orc. ke ʻano o ka "hoʻohui ʻana i nā kiʻi like", ke kū mai ke kani mai ka hui pū ʻana o ka rhythmic. nā ʻano like ʻole o hoʻokahi kiʻi kikokikona (he ʻenehana i ʻike ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia i nā helu o I. F.

Ma ke koi o ke kenekulia 20. nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka F. noho pū. E like me ka mea i ike nui ia: ka hooikaika ana i ka hana o F. ma ke ano nui, me ka polyphonic. F., e pili ana i ka nui o ka polyphony i ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke ʻano he hoʻihoʻi ʻana o F. o nā au i hala i ka hana ʻana o ke kuhikuhi neoclassical); ʻO ka hoʻololi hou ʻana i nā ʻenehana kikokikona (F. ua "hoʻokumu ʻia" no kēlā me kēia hana hou, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka lokahi i hana ʻia no lākou); ʻike - e pili ana i nā harmonics hou. maʻamau – dissonant duplications (3 etudes op. 65 na Scriabin), ka ʻokoʻa o ka paʻakikī a me ka "maʻalahi maʻalahi" F. (mahele mua o ka concerto piano 1 a Prokofiev), a me nā kiʻi improvisational. ʻano (No 5 "Horizontal and Vertical" mai kā Shchedrin's "Polyphonic Notebook"); hui pū ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona kikokikona kumu o nat. mele me ka lokahi hou loa. a orc. ʻenehana prof. art-va (ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula "Symphonic Dances" Mold. Comp. P. Rivilis a me nā hana ʻē aʻe); ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka thematization o F. c) ma ke ʻano, i nā hana serial a me nā serial), e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻike o ka thematism a me F.

Ka puka ʻana mai o nā mele hou o ke kenekulia 20. hale kūʻai kuʻuna ʻole, ʻaʻole pili i ka harmonic a i ʻole polyphonic, e hoʻoholo i nā ʻano like o Ph.: ka ʻāpana o ka huahana. hōʻike i ka discontinuity i ke ano o keia mele, ka incoherence o F. - kakau stratification (kūʻokoʻa), dynamic. a me ka haiolelo ana. ʻokoʻa:

P. Boulez. Piano Sonata No 1, hoʻomaka o ka neʻe mua.

ʻO ka waiwai o F. ma ke ʻano mele. lawe ʻia ʻo avant-garde i ka loiloi. palena, ke lilo ʻo F. ʻo ia wale nō (ma nā hana he nui a K. Penderetsky) a i ʻole nā ​​hui. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hana a ka haku mele maoli (leo. ʻO ka "Stimmungen" sextet a Stockhausen he hoʻololi kikokikona-timbre o hoʻokahi B-dur triad). F. improvisation i hāʻawi ʻia i ka pitch a i ʻole rhythmic. loko - main. ka loaʻaʻana o nā aleatorics i hoʻomaluʻia (op. V. Lutoslavsky); ke kahua o F. loaʻa kahi pūʻulu uncountable o ka sonoristic. nā mea hana (kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻenehana sonoristic - "Coloristic fantasy" no ka opera Slonimsky). I nā mele uila a me nā mele i hana ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kuʻuna. nā mea hana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana, ʻaʻole pili ka manaʻo o F..

F. disposes mea. hiki ke hoʻohālike (Mazel, Zuckerman, 1967, pp. 331-342). Hōʻikeʻia ka pilina ma waena o keʻano a me keʻano i ka mālamaʻana i keʻano o keʻano i hāʻawiʻia i ka lokahi o ke kūkuluʻana,ʻo kona hoʻololiʻana e hāpai i ka dismemberment. Ua lōʻihi ka lawelawe ʻana o F. ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi nui loa i kekona. ostinato a me neostinatny variational forms, e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau mea nui dynamic. manawa ("Bolero" na Ravel). Hiki iā F. ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā muses. kiʻi (e lawe ana i ka leitmotif ma ka hapa 1, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke code o ka ʻāpana 2 o ka sonata piano 4 e Scriabin); Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hoʻololi kikokikona i nā reprises o nā ʻano neʻe ʻekolu (ʻo ka hapa 2 o ka sonata piano 16 o Beethoven; nocturne c-moll op. 48 na Chopin), i ka refrain i ka rondo (hopena o ka sonata piano No. 25 o Beethoven). ʻO ka hana formative o F. he mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano sonata (ʻoi aku ka orc. compositions), kahi e hoʻoholo ai nā palena o nā ʻāpana e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a, no laila, F. thematic. mea waiwai. ʻO ka hoʻololi o F. lilo i mea nui. ke ano o ka mahele ana i ke ano ma na hana o ke kenekulia 20. (“Pacific 231” na Honegger). I kekahi mau haku mele hou, ua lilo ke ʻano i mea hoʻoholo no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke ʻano (no ka laʻana, i nā ʻano mea i kapa ʻia ʻo repetitive e pili ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o hoʻokahi kūkulu).

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻano o F. me def. nā ʻano (e laʻa, mele hula), ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hui ʻana i ka hana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano like ʻole e hāʻawi i ka mele i kahi ambiguity artistically effective (expressive examples of this kind in Chopin's music: laʻana, Prelude No. 20 c-moll – kahi hui ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi chorale, kahi huakaʻi hoʻolewa a me kahi passacaglia). Mālama ʻo F. i nā hōʻailona o kekahi moʻolelo a i ʻole nā ​​​​muses hoʻokahi. style (and, by association, era): kapaia. ʻO ka hoʻokani pila i hiki iā SI Taneev ke hana i kahi stylization maʻalahi o ka Lūkini mua. elegies in the romance "When, whirling, autumn leaves"; G. Berlioz i ka hapa 3 o ka symphony "Romeo a me Julia" e hana i ka lahui. a me ke kala mōʻaukala akamai e hoʻopuka i ke kani o ka madrigal a cappella o ke kenekulia 16; Kākau ʻo R. Schumann i nā mele ʻoiaʻiʻo ma Carnival. nā kiʻi o F. Chopin a me N. Paganini. ʻO F. ke kumu nui o ke mele. descriptiveness, oi aku ka hooiaio ana i na hihia i k.-l. kaʻahele. Me ke kōkua o F. ʻike ʻia ka ʻike mele i loaʻa (introduction to Wagner's Gold of the Rhine), i ka manawa like. piha i ka mea pohihihi a me ka nani ("Praise of the Desert" mai "The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia" na Rimsky-Korsakov), a i kekahi manawa he haʻalulu kupaianaha ("ke kuʻi ka puʻuwai i ka hauʻoli" ma ka moʻolelo aloha o MI Glinka. "Hoʻomanaʻo wau i kahi manawa kupanaha").

E hoʻomaopopo ': Sposobin I., Evseev S., Dubovsky I., Papa hana o ka lokahi, hapa 2, M., 1935; Skrebkov SS, Buke o ka polyphony, māhele 1-2, M.-L., 1951, 1965; ʻo kāna ponoʻī, Analysis of musical works, M., 1958; Milstein Ya., F. List, māhele 2, M., 1956, 1971; Grigoriev SS, Ma ke mele o Rimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; ʻO Grigoriev S., Muller T., puke haʻawina o polyphony, M., 1961, 1977; Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Nānā i nā hana mele, M., 1967; Shchurov V., Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka polyphonic texture o nā mele o South Russia, i ka hōʻiliʻili: Mai ka moʻolelo o nā mele Lūkini a me Soviet, M., 1971; ʻO Zukkerman VA, Ka nānā ʻana i nā hana mele. ʻAno hoʻololi, M., 1974; Zavgorodnyaya G., ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka kikokikona i nā hana a A. Onegger, "SM", 1975, No 6; Shaltuper Yu., Ma ke ʻano o Lutoslavsky i nā makahiki 60, ma: Problems of Musical Science, vol. 3, M., 1975; ʻO Tyulin Yu., ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ke ʻano mele a me ke kiʻi melodic. ʻAno mele, M., 1976; Pankratov S., Ma ke kumu mele o ke ʻano o nā haku piano a Scriabin, ma: Nā pilikia o ka polyphony a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hana mele (Proceedings of the Gnesins State Musical and Pedagogical Institute, issue 20), M., 1976; ʻO kāna, Nā Kuʻuna o ka hana keaka kikokikona o nā haku piano a Scriabin, ibid.; Bershadskaya T., Lectures on harmony, L., 1978; Kholopova V., Faktura, M., 1979.

VP Frayonov