Heluhelu |

mai ka Helene pantaoia - noʻonoʻo; lat. a ital. fantasia, German Fantasia, French fantaisie, eng. hoʻohiwahiwa , pāʻani , phancy , fantasy

1) He ʻano mele mea kani (he leo i kekahi manawa), hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia me ka ʻokoʻa mai nā kuʻuna o ke kūkulu ʻana i maʻamau no ko lākou manawa, ʻaʻole pinepine i loko o kahi maʻiʻo kiʻi like ʻole o nā kuʻuna. papa hana haku mele. He ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo e pili ana iā F. ma nā mele like ʻole a me ka mōʻaukala. au, akā, i nā manawa a pau, ua paʻa nā palena o ke ʻano: i nā kenekulia 16-17. F. hui me ka ricercar, toccata, ma ka papahele 2. Ke kenekulia 18 - me kahi sonata, i ke kenekulia 19. – me ka poem, a pela aku. Pili mau ka Ph. me na ano a me na ano maa i ka manawa i haawiia. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hana i kapa ʻia ʻo F. he hui like ʻole o nā "hua'ōlelo" (structural, meaningful) i maʻamau no kēia au. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano F. pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā muses. nā ʻano i loko o kahi manawa i hāʻawi ʻia: nā manawa o kahi kauoha, ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi (16th - mua o 17th century, baroque art of the 1st half of the 18th century), marked by a "luxurious flowering" of F.; ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻano "paʻa" paʻa (romanticism) a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā ʻano hou (ke kenekulia 20) e hele pū ʻia me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻatikala a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou hui hoʻonohonoho. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻano o F. mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka instrumentalism holoʻokoʻa: ʻo ka periodization o ka mōʻaukala o F. coincides me ka periodization maʻamau o Western European. hoʻopiʻi mele. ʻO F. kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko loa o ka instr. mele, akā, ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā instr. nā ʻano i hoʻomohala ʻia e pili ana i ka mele. ʻōlelo a hula. nā neʻe (canzona, suite), F. ma muli o ke mele kūpono. nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka puka ʻana o F. pili i ka hoʻomaka. Ke kenekulia 16 ʻO kekahi o kona kumu ʻo ka improvisation. B. h. mua F. manaoia no na mea kani: lehulehu. Ua hana ʻia ʻo F. no ka lute a me ka vihuela ma Italia (F. da Milano, 1547), Sepania (L. Milan, 1535; M. de Fuenllana, 1554), Kelemānia (S. Kargel), Palani (A. Rippe), ʻEnelani ( T. Morley). F. no ka clavier a me ka okana he emi loa ia (F. ma Organ Tablature na X. Kotter, Fantasia allegre na A. Gabrieli). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka contrapuntal, pinepine mau imitative. hoikeike; ʻO kēia mau F. kokoke loa i ka capriccio, toccata, tiento, canzone i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka pāʻani pololei F. (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka F. i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo e like me richercar). ʻO ka inoa ma kēia hihia ua wehewehe ʻia e ka maʻamau e kapa iā F. he ricercar i hana ʻia a i hana manuahi ʻia (ua kapa ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho o nā motets leo, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻuhane instr.

F. da Milano. ʻO ka manaʻo no nā lutes.

I ka 16th kenekulia F. 'aʻole no hoi he mea maʻamau, i loko o ka noa lawelawe 'ana o nā leo (pili, i ka mea, me ka peculiarities o ka leo alakai ma luna o uhuki mea kani) maoli alakai i ka chord hale waihona puke me ka pauku-like hōʻike.

L. Milana. No ka vihuela.

I ke kenekulia 17, lilo ʻo F. i mea kaulana loa ma ʻEnelani. 'Ōleloʻo G. Purcell iā ia (no ka laʻana, "Fantasy for one sound"); ʻO J. Bull, W. Bird, O. Gibbons, a me nā wahine puʻupaʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻokokoke iā F. i ka moʻomeheu. ʻO ka ʻōlelo Pelekania – ground (he mea koʻikoʻi ka like ʻole o kona inoa – fancy – i hui pū me kekahi o nā inoa o F.). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o F. i ke kenekulia 17. pili me org. mele. ʻO F. ma J. Frescobaldi kekahi laʻana o ka hoʻoikaika kino; ʻO ka "chromatic fantasy" o ka haku Amsterdam ʻo J. Sweelinck (hoʻohui i nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi fugue maʻalahi a paʻakikī, ricercar, polyphonic variations) e hōʻike ana i ka hānau ʻana o kahi mea monumental. kaila; Ua hana ʻo S. Scheidt ma ia kuʻuna like, ʻo to-ry i kapa ʻia ʻo F. contrapuntal. nā hoʻonohonoho mele a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻomākaukau ka hana a kēia mau mea hoʻokani mele a me nā harpsichordists i nā hana nui a JS Bach. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manaʻo iā F. e pili ana i ka hana o kahi upbeat, hauʻoli a paʻakikī paha. ʻano me ke kūʻokoʻa maʻamau o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a i ʻole ka quirkiness o nā loli o nā muses. nā kiʻi; lilo kokoke obligatory improvisation. he mea e hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo o ka hōʻike pololei, ka predominance o kahi pāʻani kūʻokoʻa o ka noʻonoʻo ma luna o kahi hoʻolālā haku mele. Ma ka okana a me ka hana clavier a Bach, ʻo F. ka mea minamina loa a me ke aloha. ʻano ʻano. F. ma Bach (e like me D. Buxtehude a me GF Telemann, nāna e hoʻohana i ke kumu da capo ma F.) a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia i loko o ka pōʻai me kahi fugue, kahi, e like me ka toccata a i ʻole prelude, lawelawe ia e hoʻomākaukau a hoʻolulu i ka mea e hiki mai ana. ʻāpana (F. a me ka fugue no ka organ g-moll, BWV 542), a i ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he intro. ʻāpana i loko o kahi suite (no ka violin a me clavier A-dur, BWV 1025), partita (no clavier a-minor, BWV 827), a i ʻole, ʻo ka hope, ke kū kūʻokoʻa. prod. (F. no ke kino G-dur BWV 572). Ma Bach, ʻaʻole kūʻē ke koʻikoʻi o ka hui i ke kumu o ka manuahi F. No ka laʻana, ma Chromatic Fantasy a me Fugue, hōʻike ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi hui wiwo ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano like ʻole - org. improvisation texture, recitative a me figurative hana o ka chorale. Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau e ka loiloi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā kī mai T a i D, a ukali ʻia e kahi kū ma S a hoʻi i T (pēlā, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumu o ka ʻano ʻelua ʻāpana kahiko i F.). ʻO kahi kiʻi like nō hoʻi ke ʻano o nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe o Bach; ʻoiai ua hoʻopiha pinepine ʻia lākou me nā hoʻohālike, ʻo ka ikaika nui i loko o lākou ʻo ka lokahi. Ladoharmonic. hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ke ʻano ma o ka hui nunui. nā kiko e kākoʻo ana i nā tonic o nā kī alakaʻi.

ʻO kahi ʻano kūikawā o Bach's F. kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho mele (no ka laʻana, "Fantasia super: Komm, heiliger Geist, Herre Gott", BWV 651), nā loina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ʻaʻole e uhaki i nā kuʻuna o ke ʻano mele. Hoʻokaʻawale ka wehewehe ʻana i ka improvisational, pinepine i waho o ka noʻonoʻo o FE Bach. Wahi a kāna mau ʻōlelo (i loko o ka puke "Experience of the correct way of playing the clavier", 1753-62), "ua kapa ʻia ka manaʻo manuahi inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kī i loko o ia mea ma mua o kahi ʻāpana i haku ʻia a i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka mika koʻikoʻi ... Free Fantasy. Loaʻa i nā pauku harmonic like ʻole i hiki ke hoʻokani ʻia i nā mele haʻihaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano kiʻi like ʻole… He maikaʻi ka noʻonoʻo manuahi ʻole no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo.

Mele huikau. ʻO nā moemoeā o WA ​​Mozart (clavier F. d-moll, K.-V. 397) e hōʻike ana i ke aloha. ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano. Ma nā kūlana hou e hoʻokō lākou i kā lākou hana lōʻihi. ʻāpana (akā ʻaʻole i ka fugue, akā i ka sonata: F. a me ka sonata c-moll, K.-V. 475, 457), e hana hou i ke kumu o ka homophonic a me ka polyphonic. nā hōʻikeʻike (org. F. f-moll, K.-V. 608; papahana: AB A1 C A2 B1 A3, kahi o B nā māhele fugue, C nā ʻano like ʻole). Ua hoʻolauna ʻo I. Haydn iā F. i ka quartet (op. 76 No 6, part 2). Ua hoʻohui ʻo L. Beethoven i ka hui ʻana o ka sonata a me F. ma ka hana ʻana i ka sonata 14 kaulana, op. 27 No 2 - "Sonata quasi una Fantasia" a me ka 13th sonata op. 27 ʻAʻole 1. Ua lawe mai ʻo ia iā F. i ka manaʻo o ka symphony. hoʻomohala, virtuoso qualities instr. concerto, ka monumentality o ka oratorio: ma F. no ka piano, ka himeni a me ka orkestra c-moll op. 80 ma ke ʻano he himeni no ka ʻoihana i kani ʻia (ma ka C-dur ʻāpana waena, i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole) ke kumuhana, i hoʻohana ʻia ma hope ma ke ʻano he "theme of joy" i ka hopena o ka 9th symphony.

Romantics, no ka laʻana. F. Schubert (series of F. no pianoforte ma 2 a me 4 lima, F. no violin and pianoforte op. 159), F. Mendelssohn (F. no pianoforte op. 28), F. Liszt (org. and pianoforte. F. .) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui i ka F. me nā ʻano maʻamau he nui, hoʻonui i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka programmaticity i hōʻike mua ʻia ma kēia ʻano (R. Schumann, F. no ka piano C-dur op. 17). He mea koʻikoʻi naʻe, ʻo ia "romantic. kūʻokoʻa", hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano o ke kenekulia 19, i ka liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana iā F. Hoʻohana ia i nā ʻano maʻamau - sonata (AN Skryabin, F. no ka piano ma h-moll op. 28; S. Frank, org. F. A. -dur), pōʻai sonata (Schumann, F. no ka piano C-dur op. 17). Ma keʻano laulā, no F. 19th century. ʻO ke ʻano, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana me nā ʻano manuahi a hui pū ʻia (me nā mele), a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, me nā rhapsodies. ʻO Mn. ʻO nā haku mele ʻaʻole i kapa ʻia ka inoa F., ma ke ʻano nui, ʻo ia lākou (S. Frank, "Prelude, Chorale and Fugue", "Prelude, Aria and Finale"). ʻO Rus. Hoʻokomo nā haku mele iā F. i loko o ka pōʻai o ka wok. (MI Glinka, "Venetian Night", "Night Review") a me ka symphony. mele: i loko o kā lākou hana aia kahi kikoʻī. orc. ʻo nā ʻano like ʻole ka symphonic fantasy (SV Rachmaninov, The Cliff, op. 7; AK Glazunov, The Forest, op. 19, The Sea, op. 28, etc.). Hāʻawi lākou iā F. i kahi mea Lūkini. ʻano (MP Mussorgsky, "Night on Bald Mountain", ke ʻano o ia, e like me ka mea kākau, "Russian and original"), a laila ka punahele oriental (MA Balakirev, hikina F. "Islamey" no fp. ), a laila maikaʻi loa (AS Dargomyzhsky, "Baba Yaga" no ka hoʻokani pila) kala; hāʻawi iā ia i nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi philosophically (PI Tchaikovsky, "The Tempest", F. no ka hoʻokani pila ma muli o ke keaka o ka inoa hoʻokahi e W. Shakespeare, op. 18; "Francesca da Rimini", F. no ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ke kahua o ka Mele 1 o Gehena mai "Divine Comedy" na Dante, op.32).

I ke kenekulia 20 F. ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa. kakaʻikahi ka ʻano (M. Reger, Choral F. no ka ʻōkana; O. Respighi, F. no ka piano a me ka hoʻokani pila, 1907; JF Malipiero, ʻO kēlā me kēia lā Fantasy no ka hoʻokani pila, 1951; O. Messiaen, F. no ka violin a me ka piano; M. Tedesco, F. no ke kikā a me ka piano 6-string; A. Copland, F. no ka piano; A. Hovaness, F. no Suite no ka piano "Shalimar"; N (I. Peiko, Concert F. no ka pu a me ke keena. Orkestra, etc.) I kekahi manawa, ua hoikeia na ano neoclassical ma F. (F. Busoni, “Counterpoint F.”; P. Hindemith, sonata no ka viola a me ka piano – ma F, hapa 1, ma S., hapa 3; K. Karaev, sonata no ka violin a me ka piano, hope loa, J. Yuzeliunas, concerto no ka okana, 1st movement) I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana 'ia nā haku mele hou ma F. 'ano o ke kenekulia 20 - dodecaphony (A. Schoenberg, F. no ka mea. violin a me piano; F. Fortner, F. ma ke kumuhana “BACH” no 2 piano, 9 mea kani a me ka orkestra), sonor-aleatoric. techniques (SM Slonimsky, “Coloristic F.” no piano).

Ma ka papahele ʻelua. ʻO ke kenekulia 2 kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka philosophicism-ka hana ʻana o ke kanaka, improvisationally direct (pinepine me ka manaʻo e hoʻomohala ma) - ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā mele o kēlā me kēia ʻano, a ma kēia ʻano, he nui nā mele hou loa (no ka mea. ʻO ka laʻana, ʻo ka 20 a me ka 4 piano sonatas na BI Tishchenko) hui pū me F.

2) Kokua. he wehewehe e hōʻike ana i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka wehewehe ʻana decomp. nā ʻano: waltz-F. (MI Glinka), Impromptu-F., Polonaise-F. (F. Chopin, op. 66,61), sonata-F. (AN Scriabin, op. 19), overture-F. (PI Tchaikovsky, "Romeo a me Juliet"), F. Quartet (B. Britten, "Fantasy quartet" no ka oboe a me nā kaula. trio), recitative-F. (S. Frank, sonata no ka violin a me ka piano, hapa 3), F.-burlesque (O. Messiaen), etc.

3) Maʻamau i nā kenekulia 19-20. genre instr. ole orc. mele, ma muli o ka hoʻohana manuahi ʻana i nā kumuhana i ʻaiʻē ʻia mai kā lākou haku mele a i ʻole nā ​​hana a nā haku haku ʻē aʻe, a me ka moʻolelo (a i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka poʻe). Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻonoʻo. hana hou i na themes o F. paha i ka hana hou artistic holoʻokoʻa a laila, hoʻokokoke mai i ka paraphrase, rhapsody (he nui noʻonoʻo o Liszt, "Serbian F." no Rimsky-Korsakov's orchestra, "F. ma Ryabinin's themes" no ka piano me Arensky's orchestra, "Cinematic. F. . " ma nā kumumanaʻo o ka farce mele "The Bull on the Roof" no ka violin a me ka orchestra Milhaud, etc.), a i ʻole he "montage" maʻalahi o nā kumuhana a me nā paukū, e like me ka potpourri (F. ma nā kumuhana. o na operettas kahiko, F. ma na kumuhana o na haku mele kaulana, etc.).

4) Creative fantasy (German Phantasie, Fantasie) - ka hiki o ka ʻike kanaka ke hōʻike (ka ʻike i loko, ka lohe) i nā hanana o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ʻano o ia mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā hui. ʻike a me nā hana a ke kanaka, a me ka hana noʻonoʻo ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau manaʻo (ma nā pae āpau o ka psyche, me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka subconscious) o ke kiʻi. nā kiʻi. ʻAe ʻia i nā pueo. ʻepekema (psychology, aesthetics) ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo F. ma ke kūlana Marxist ma ka mōʻaukala. a me na ahahui. ke kūlana o ka ʻike kanaka a me ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo Leninist. Ma ke kenekulia 20, aia kekahi mau manaʻo ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻomohala. F., i hōʻike ʻia ma nā aʻo a Z. Freud, CG Jung a me G. Marcuse.

E hoʻomaopopo ': 1) Kuznetsov KA, Nā kiʻi mele a me ka mōʻaukala, M., 1937; Mazel L., Fantasia f-moll Chopin. The experience of analysis, M., 1937, the same, in his book: Research on Chopin, M., 1971; Berkov VO, Chromatic Fantasy J. Sweelinka. Mai ka moʻolelo o ke kuʻikahi, M., 1972; ʻO Miksheeva G., Symphonic fantasies o A. Dargomyzhsky, ma ka puke: Mai ka moʻolelo o nā mele Lūkini a me Soviet, vol. 3, M., 1978; Protopopov VV, Essays mai ka moʻolelo o nā ʻano mea kani o ka 1979th - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMX, M., XNUMX.

3) ʻO Marx K. lāua ʻo Engels R., On Art, vol. 1, M., 1976; Lenin VI, Materialism and empirio-criticism, Poln. coll. soch., 5th ed., v. 18; nona iho, Philosophical Notebooks, ibid., vol. 29; Ferster NP, Noʻonoʻo hoʻokumu, M., 1924; Vygotsky LS, Psychology of Art, M., 1965, 1968; Averintsev SS, "Analytical Psychology" K.-G. Jung a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ma: On Modern Bourgeois Aesthetics, vol. 3, M., 1972; Davydov Yu., Marxist historicism a me ka pilikia o ka pilikia o ka hana kiʻi, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: Modern bourgeois art, M., 1975; kāna, Art in the social philosophy of G. Marcuse, in: Critique of modern bourgeois sociology of art, M., 1978.

TS Kyuregyan