Hoemi |

lat. emi iho; Hoʻemi German, Verkleinerung; Palani a me Pelekane. ka emi ana; ital. emi ʻana

1) E like me ka emi ʻana.

2) He ala no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke mele, ke poʻomanaʻo, ka manaʻo, ka mele. kiʻi a kiʻi paha, a me nā hoʻomaha ma ka pāʻani ʻana iā lākou me nā leo (pause) ʻoi aku ka pōkole. E wehewehe U. pololei, me ka hoololi ole i ka osn. rhythm i ka ʻāpana kūpono (no ka laʻana, kahi hoʻolauna mai ka opera "Ruslan a me Lyudmila" na Glinka, helu 28), pololei ʻole, hana hou i ka mea nui. puʻupuʻu (kumu) me nā mele like ʻole. a i ʻole mele mele. nā hoʻololi (no ka laʻana, ka aria o ka Swan-Bird, No. 11 mai ka 2nd hana o Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan, helu 117), a me ka rhythmic, a i ʻole ke kumuhana, me ka melodic krom. mālama ʻia ke kaha kiʻi ma kahi o (ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka opera Sadko e Rimsky-Korsakov), a i ʻole mālama ʻole ʻia (ke mele o ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma U. i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka neʻe mua o ka 1th symphony a Shostakovich).

J. Dunstable. ʻO Cantus firmus mai ka motet Christe sanctorum decus (ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā leo counterpunctuated).

J. Spataro. Motet.

ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o U. (a hoʻonui) ma ke ʻano he mele mele a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻenehana ʻo ia hoʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka notation mensural a pili pū me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka polyphonic. polyphony. Hōʻike ʻo X. Riemann i ka U. mua i hoʻohana i ka motet I. de Muris i ka tenor. Motet Isorhythmic - nui. ʻO ka laulā o U. i ke kenekulia 14: hana hou, e like me ka ostinato, e alakaʻi ana i ka rhythmic. ʻO nā kiʻi ke kumu o ke mele. forms, a ʻo U. he muse maoli. ka maʻamau o kāna hui (ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i wehewehe ʻia e ka arr. kikokikona nui). Ma nā motets o G. de Machaux (Amaro valde, Speravi, Fiat voluntas tua, Ad te suspiramus) rhythmic. Hoʻopili hou ʻia ke kiʻi ma U. i kēlā me kēia manawa me kahi mele hou. hoʻopiha; i nā motets isorhythmic J. Dunstable rhythmic. Hoʻopili hou ʻia ke kiʻi (ʻelua, ʻekolu) me kahi mele hou, a laila hana hou ʻia nā mea āpau me ka mālama ʻana i ke mele. e kaha ana i hookahi a me ka hapa, alaila, 3-fold U. (e nana i ke kolamu 720). Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano like ma kekahi mau lehulehu o Netherlands. contrapuntalists o ke kenekulia 15, kahi i paʻa ai ka cantus firmus ma nā ʻāpana hope ma U., a me ke mele i lawe ʻia no ka cantus firmus ma ka hopena o ka hana. leo ma ke ano i ola ai i kela la i keia la (e nana i kekahi laana ma Art. Polyphony, kolamu 354-55). Ua hoʻohana nā haku o kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenehana a W. i ka mea i kapa ʻia. nā canons mensural (proportional), kahi ʻokoʻa nā leo like i ke ʻano. nā ʻāpana kino (e nānā i ka laʻana ma Art. Canon, kolamu 692). Ma keʻano likeʻole i ka hoʻonuiʻana,ʻaʻole kōkuaʻo U. i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka polyphonic maʻamau. ke kahe ana o ia leo i hoohana ia ai. Eia naʻe, hoʻopuka maikaʻi ʻo U. i kahi leo ʻē aʻe inā hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā leo lōʻihi; no laila, i nā nui a me nā motets o nā kenekulia 15-16. Ua lilo i mea maʻamau ke hele pū me ke ʻano o ka cantus firmus ma ka leo nui (tenor) me ka hoʻohālike ʻana i nā leo ʻē aʻe ma muli o U. o ka cantus firmus like (e nānā i ke kolamu 721).

Ua mālama ʻia ke ʻano o ke kūʻē ʻana i ke alakaʻi a me nā leo ʻoliʻoli e kūʻē ana iā ia inā lōʻihi nā palapala ma ka cantus firmus. Ua hōʻea kēia kiʻi i kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka mele a JS Bach; ʻike, no ka laʻana, kāna org. ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hīmeni “Aus tiefer Not”, BWV 686, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo o ka hīmeni e kāna 5-pahuhopu. hōʻike ma U., i hoʻokumu ʻia ka holoʻokoʻa i strophic. fugue (6 leo, 5 hōʻike; ʻike i ka laʻana ma Art. Fugue). I loko o Ach Gott und Herr, BWV 693, ʻo nā leo hoʻohālike a pau he pālua a he ʻehā W. chorale, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kumuhana ke kikokikona holoʻokoʻa.

JS Bach. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻoka mele "Ach Gott und Herr".

Reachercar con. 16th-17th mau kenekulia a kokoke iā ia tiento, fantasy - kahi wahi i loaʻa ai iā U. (ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻonui a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o kahi theme). Ua hāʻawi ʻo W. i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi manaʻo o ka instr maʻemaʻe. dynamics o ke ʻano a, pili ʻia i nā kumumanaʻo pilikino (ma ke ʻano o ka thematism o kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi), ua lilo ia i ʻenehana e hoʻokomo i ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala kumu no ka mele o nā manawa aʻe.

ʻAe. P. Sweelinck. "Chromatic Fantasy" (kahi ʻāpana mai ka pauku hope; aia ke kumuhana i loko o ʻelua a me ʻehā mau hōʻemi).

ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka hōʻike ʻana o U. ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana, ma kahi o ka isorhythmic. motet a me kekahi op. ʻO ke kenekulia 20 ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe kahi e lilo ai ke kumu o ka haku mele. Canon ma U. e like me ke kuokoa. pāʻani (AK Lyadov, "Canons", No 22), pane iā U. in fugue ("The Art of the Fugue" na Bach, Contrapunctus VI; e nānā pū i nā hui like ʻole me U. i ka fugue hope mai ka quartet pianoforte, op 20 Taneyev, ʻo ia hoʻi nā helu 170, 172, 184) he mau mea ʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia ʻo U. i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā strettas fugue: no ka laʻana, ma nā ana 26, 28, 30 o ka E-dur fugue mai ka 2nd volume o Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier; ma ke ana 117 o ka fugue Fis-dur op. 87 No 13 Shostakovich; ma ka pahu 70 mai ka hopena o ka concerto no 2 fp. Stravinsky (ka hoʻohālike pololei ʻole me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā leo); ma ke ana 63 mai ka 1st scene o ka hana 3 o ka opera “Wozzeck” na Berg (e nana i ka laana ma ka moolelo a Strett). ʻO W., kahi ʻenehana i polyphonic ma ke ʻano, ʻike i kahi noi like ʻole i ka polyphonic ʻole. mele o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo U. kekahi o nā ala e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hui ma ke kumuhana, no ka laʻana:

SI Taneev. Ke kumuhana mai ka neʻe 3 o ka symphony c-moll.

(E nānā pū i nā pahu ʻelima mua o ka hopena hope loa o ka sonata a Beethoven No. 23 ma ka piano; ka hoʻolauna hoʻokani pila i ka aria a Ruslan, No. 8 mai Glinka's Ruslan a me Ludmila; ʻAʻole. 10, b-moll mai Prokofiev's Fleeting, etc.). Ua laha ka polyphonization o ke mele. nā lole me ke kōkua o U. i ka wā e hōʻike ana i ke kumuhana (ʻo ka mele "Dispersed, cleared up" ma kahi kokoke iā Kromy mai ka opera ʻo Mussorgsky ʻo Boris Godunov; ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov - ka hana mua o ka opera The Legend of the Invisible City Kitezh", helu 1 a me 5, a me S. V. ʻO Rachmaninov - ka hapa mua o ka mele "The Bells", helu 1, hoʻololi X ma "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini"), i ka wā o kona hoʻolaha ʻana (canon liʻiliʻi mai Berg's violin concerto, bar 12; ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻike o ka neoclassical orientation o ke ʻano - U. ma ka hapa 4 o ka violin sonata na K. Karaev, bar 13), ma ka piko. a hoʻopau. nā hana (code mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka opera Ruslan a me Lyudmila e Glinka; ʻo ka ʻāpana 2 o Rachmaninov's The Bells, ʻelua ana a hiki i ka helu 52; ʻo ka hapa 4 o ka quartet 6 o Taneyev, helu 191 a ʻoi aku; ka hopena o ka ballet "The Firebird" Stravinsky ). U. ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kumuhana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole (2nd, 3rd variations in Arietta from Beethoven's 32nd piano sonata; piano etude “Mazeppa” by Liszt), ma nā hana hoʻololi (basso ostinato ke neʻe nei i ke coda o ka hope o ka symphony c- moll Taneyev, helu 101), i nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole o nā leitmotif opera (hana hou ʻana o ka leitmotif hekili i nā kumuhana mele ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana mua o ka opera Valkyrie a Wagner; ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kumu o nā manu a me nā kumu like ʻole o ka Snow Maiden mai. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o Spring i " Snow Maiden " na Rimsky-Korsakov; he distortion grotesque o ka leitmotif o ka Countess ma ka 1nd scene o ka opera "The Queen of Spades", helu 2 a ma waho), a me nā hoʻololi kiʻi i loaʻa me U.' 'O ke komo 'ana he cardinal (ke komo 'ana o ka tenor i Tuba mirum mai Mozart's Requiem, ana 62; leitmotif i ka coda o ka hope o ka symphony 18 o Rachmaninoff, ana 3 ma hope o ka helu 5; ne'e waena, helu 110, f rom Taneyev's scherzo symphony ma c-moll). U. He mea nui ia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana hoʻomohala o nā ʻano a me nā hoʻomohala sonata o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20. U. i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka overture iā Wagner's Nuremberg Mastersingers (bar 122; triple fugato, bar 138) he mea hoʻohenehene ʻoliʻoli o ke aʻo ʻana ʻole (akā naʻe, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ke kumuhana a me kāna U. i ka pahu 158, 166 he hōʻailona o ka haku, akamai). I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hapa 1 o ka 2nd fp. concerto Rachmaninov U. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kumuhana o ka pāʻina nui ma ke ʻano he mea hana hoʻoikaika (helu 9). I ka hana ʻana o D. D. Shostakovich U. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻike ʻoi loa (nā hoʻohālike i ke kumumanaʻo o kahi ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao 1 o ka symphony 5, nā helu 22 a me 24; ma kahi like ma ka culmination, helu 32; ka ostinato canon pau ʻole ma nā leo o ka leitmotif i ka hapa 2 o ka quartet 8, helu 23; ʻo ka hapa mua o ka symphony 1 he pololei ʻole ʻo U.

IF Stravinsky. "Symphony of Psalms", 1st neʻe (hoʻomaka o ka reprise).

U. he waiwai hoike. a hōʻike. manawa kūpono. ʻO ke "kani nui" mai Mussorgsky's "Boris Godunov" (ka hoʻololi o ke kuʻikahi ma o ke kuʻi, ka hapalua o ke kuʻi, ka hapahā o ke kuʻi) ua ʻike ʻia e kahi dynamism kūikawā. ʻIke ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻike maka (Sigmund's Notung, i haki ʻia e ka hahau ʻana i ka ihe a Wotan) i ka 5th kiʻi mai ka hana 2 o Wagner's Valkyrie. ʻO kahi hihia koʻikoʻi o ka polyphony leo-visual he fugato e hōʻike ana i kahi ululāʻau ma ke kauhale 3 o Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Snow Maiden" (ʻehā mau ʻano mele o ke kumuhana, helu 253). Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano hana like ma ke ʻano me ka pupule Grishka Kuterma ma ka 2nd scene o ka hana 3rd. "Tales of the Invisible City of Kitezh" (neʻe i ka ʻewalu, triplets, ʻumikumamāono, helu 225). Ma ke code hōʻailona ko Rachmaninoff poem "Isle of the Dead" hui pū ʻelima mau ʻano o Dies irae (bar 11 ma hope o ka helu 22).

I loko o ke mele o ke kenekulia 20, ua hele pinepine ka manaʻo o W. i ka manaʻo o ka piʻi ʻana o ka holomua; Pili mua kēia i ka rhythmic. hui kumuhana. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kumu o ka U. a i ʻole ka holomua ma kekahi mau hana serial i ke ʻano o kahi huahana holoʻokoʻa. a i ʻole ke ʻano. kona mau ʻāpana (1 o 6 mau ʻāpana no ka lira a me nā kaula, quartet op. 16 na Ledenev). ʻO ka hui lōʻihi o ke kumuhana a me kāna ʻōlelo i nā hana o ke kenekulia 20. ua hoʻololi ʻia i ʻenehana o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kiʻi like, ke hana ʻia ka ʻoluʻolu me ke kani ʻana o ka leo melodic-rhythmic hoʻokahi i nā manawa like ʻole. hoʻololi (no ka laʻana, "Petrushka" na Stravinsky, helu 3).

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka ʻāpana aleatoric, kahi e hoʻokō ai nā mea hoʻokani i nā leo i hāʻawi ʻia, kēlā me kēia ma ko lākou wikiwiki (kekahi mau hana a V. Lutoslavsky). Ua aʻo ʻo O. Messiaen i nā ʻano o U. a hoʻonui (e nānā i kāna puke "The Technique of My Musical Language"; e ʻike i kahi laʻana ma Art. Increase).

E hoʻomaopopo ': e nana ma Art. Hoʻonui.

VP Frayonov