Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra (Gewandhausorchester Leipzig) |

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

Gewandhaus (Alemania. Gewandhaus, ʻoiaʻiʻo - hale lole) - ka inoa o ka hui ʻaha mele, hale a me ka symphony orchestra ma Leipzig. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā ʻaha mele Gewandhaus e hoʻi ana i ka makahiki 1743, i ka wā o ka moʻomeheu o ka mea i kapa ʻia. "Nā 'Aha'aha'ōlelo Nui" (he mea ho'okani pila o 16 po'e i alaka'i 'ia e IF Dales). Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana e ke Kaua ʻEhiku Makahiki, ua hoʻomaka hou ka ʻaha mele i kapa ʻia ʻo "Amateur Concertos" i kāna mau hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a IA Hiller (1763-85), nāna i lawe i ka orchestra i 30 poʻe.

I ka makahiki 1781, ua hoʻokumu ka mayor Leipzig ʻo W. Müller i alakaʻi, nāna i alakaʻi i ka orkestra. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka haku mele a ua wehe ʻia kahi inoa inoa, nona nā ʻaha mele he 24 i ka makahiki. Mai 1781, hoʻokani ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ka hale mua no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lole - Gewandhaus. I ka makahiki 1884, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hou o ka hale ʻaha mele ma ke kahua o ka hale kahiko, me ka mālama ʻana i ka inoa ʻo Gewandhaus (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo New Gewandhaus; ua luku ʻia i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua 2 1939-45). ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Gewandhaus he wahi mau loa ia no ka hoʻokani ʻana i kēia orchestra (no laila ka inoa - ka Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra).

I ka pau ʻana o ka 18th - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19. ʻO ka Gewandhaus orchestra i hoʻokumu ʻia i hui mele maikaʻi loa, i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a F. Mendelssohn (ke poʻo o ka orchestra ma 1835-47). I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka repertoire, me nā hana a JS Bach, L. Beethoven, a me nā mea kākau o kēia wā. Loaʻa i ka Gewandhaus Orchestra kahi ʻano hana hoʻokalakupua kūʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia e kona ʻano maʻalahi, ka momona o ka papale timbre, a me ka ensemble hemolele. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Mendelssohn, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka Gewandhaus Orchestra e J. Ritz (1848-60) a me K. Reinecke (1860-95). Ma ʻaneʻi, ma ka lā 24 o Dekemaba, 1887, ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻaha mele o nā hana a PI Tchaikovsky, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ka mea kākau.

Me ke komo ʻana o A. Nikish i ka pou o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui (1895-1922), ua loaʻa i ka Gewandhaus orchestra ka ʻike honua. Ua hele ʻo Nikish i ka huakaʻi mua ma waho (104-1916) me kahi orkestra (he 17 poʻe). ʻO W. Furtwängler (1922-28) a me B. Walter (1929-33) kona mau hope. Ma 1934-45, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka Gewandhaus Orchestra e G. Abendrot, ma 1949-62 e F. Konvichny, ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana i ka Gewandhaus Orchestra i 15 mau huakaʻi ma waho (mai ka makahiki 1956, ua kipa pinepine ka orchestra i ka USSR). Mai 1964 a hiki i 1968, ke poʻo o ka Gewandhaus Orchestra (e pili ana i 180 poʻe) ʻo ia ke alakaʻi Czech V. Neumann, mai 1970 a 1996 - K. Mazur, mai 1998 a 2005 - Herbert Blomstedt. Ua alakaʻi ʻo Riccardo Chailly i ka orchestra mai ka makahiki 2005.

Aia nā ʻaha mele a ka orchestra e ka Gewandhaus Choir a me Thomaskirche Choir (i ka wā e hoʻokani ana i nā oratorio a me nā cantatas). ʻO ka orchestra ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka Leipzig Opera.

X. Seeger