Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich (Mstislav Rostropovich) |

Mstislav Rostropovich

People's Artist of the USSR (1966), lanakila i ka Stalin (1951) a me Lenin (1964) Prizes of the USSR, the State Prize of the RSFSR (1991), the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1995). ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, akā ma ke ʻano he kanaka lehulehu. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo London Times ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani pila ola. Aia kona inoa i loko o ka "Forty Immortals" - nā lālā hanohano o ka French Academy of Arts. He lālā o ka Academy of Science and Arts (USA), ka Academy of Santa Cecilia (Roma), ka Royal Academy of Music of England, ka Royal Academy of Sweden, ka Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts, ka lanakila o ka Imperial Prize o Iapana. Art Association a me nā makana ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kauka hoʻohanohano mai nā kula ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. Makaainana hanohano o na kulanakauhale he nui o ka honua. Ka Luna o na Kauoha o ka Legion of Honor (Farani, 1981, 1987), Luna Naita Hanohano o ka Papa Hoohina Loa o ke Aupuni Beritania. Hāʻawi ʻia me nā makana mokuʻāina he nui mai 29 mau ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1997 ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana nui ʻo Russian "Slava/Gloria".

Hānau ʻia ʻo Malaki 27, 1927 ma Baku. No Orenburg ka moʻopuna mele. He poʻe mele nā ​​kūpuna a me nā mākua. I ka makahiki 15, ua aʻo mua ʻo ia ma ke kula mele, e aʻo pū ana me M. Chulaki, ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i Orenburg i nā makahiki kaua. I ka makahiki 16, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Conservatory Moscow ma ka papa cellist Semyon Kozolupov. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻokani a Rostropovich i ka makahiki 1945, i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā ia ka makana mua ma ka All-Union Competition of Musicians. Ua loaʻa ka ʻike honua i ka makahiki 1950 ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū. ʻO Hanus Vigan ma Prague. Ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū All-Union, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Slava Rostropovich, he haumāna ma ka conservatory mai kona makahiki ʻelua a i ka makahiki ʻelima. A laila ua aʻo ʻo ia ma Moscow Conservatory no 26 mau makahiki, a no 7 mau makahiki ma Leningrad Conservatory. ʻO kāna mau haumāna he mau mea hoʻokani kaulana, ua lilo ka hapa nui o lākou i mau polopeka no nā kula mele kaulana o ka honua: Sergei Roldygin, Iosif Feigelson, Natalia Shakhovskaya, David Geringas, Ivan Monighetti, Eleonora Testelets, Maris Villerush, Misha Maisky.

Wahi a ia, ʻekolu mau haku mele, ʻo Prokofiev, Shostakovich a me Britten, he mana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano o Rostropovich. Ua ulu kāna hana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua - ma ke ʻano he cellist (soloist and ensemble player) a ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi - opera a symphony. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, kani ka repertoire a pau o ke mele cello i kāna hana. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i nā mea haku mele nui loa o ke kenekulia 20. e hana pono i na hana nona. ʻO Shostakovich a me Prokofiev, Britten a me L. Bernstein, A. Dutilleux, V. Lyutoslavsky, K. Penderetsky, B. Tchaikovsky - ma nā mea a pau, ma kahi o 60 mau haku mele o kēia wā i hoʻolaʻa i kā lākou haku mele iā Rostropovich. Ua hana ʻo ia no ka manawa mua he 117 mau hana no cello a hāʻawi i 70 orchestral premieres. Ma keʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, ua hoʻokaniʻo ia i kahi hui me S. Richter, i loko o kahi trio me E. Gilels a me L. Kogan, ma keʻano he pianist i kahi hui me G. Vishnevskaya.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana alakaʻi ma 1967 ma ka Bolshoi Theatre (ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma P. Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, a ukali ʻia e nā hana a Semyon Kotko a me Prokofiev's War and Peace). Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka noho ʻana ma ka home. Ua hāʻuleʻo ia i loko o ka hilahila aʻo ka hopena he haʻalele i ka USSR i ka makahiki 1974. A i ka makahiki 1978, no nā hana pono kanaka (ʻo ia hoʻi, no ke kākoʻo o A. Solzhenitsyn), ua hoʻoneleʻiaʻo ia a me kāna wahineʻo G. Vishnevskaya i ka nohona Soviet. . I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻopuka ʻo M. Gorbachev i kahi kauoha no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo o ka Presidium o ka ʻAha Kiekie e pili ana i ka hoʻonele ʻana i ko lākou kamaʻāina a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā inoa hanohano i wehe ʻia. Nui nā ʻāina i hāʻawi iā Rostropovich e lawe i ko lākou kamaʻāina, akā hōʻole ʻo ia, ʻaʻohe ona kupa.

Ma Kapalakiko, hana 'o ia (ma ke ano he alakai) Ka Moiwahine o Spades, ma Monte Carlo The Tsar's Bride. Ua komo i loko o ka honua poʻokela o ia mau keaka e like me Life with a Idiot (1992, Amsterdam) a me Gesualdo (1995, Vienna) na A. Schnittke, Lolita R. Shchedrina (ma ka Stockholm Opera). Ua ukali ʻia kēia me nā hana a Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth o ka Mtsensk District (ma ka paʻi mua) ma Munich, Paris, Madrid, Buenos Aires, Aldborough, Moscow a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i Rūsia, alakaʻi ʻo ia iā Khovanshchina e like me ka mea i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia e Shostakovich (1996, Moscow, Bolshoi Theatre). Me ka French Radio Orchestra ma Palika, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā keaka ʻo War and Peace, Eugene Onegin, Boris Godunov, Lady Macbeth o ka Apana Mtsensk.

Mai ka makahiki 1977 a hiki i ka makahiki 1994, ʻo ia ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka National Symphony Orchestra ma Wakinekona, DC, a ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ʻAmelika. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e nā orkestra kaulana loa o ka honua - Great Britain, Farani, Kelemānia, Austria, USA, Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea hoʻonohonoho o kāna mau ʻahaʻaina ponoʻī, hoʻolaʻa ʻia kekahi i nā mele o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe ka ʻaha mele cello ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Beauvais (Palani). Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina ma Chicago iā Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Britten. Nui nā ʻahaʻaina Rostropovich i mālama ʻia ma Lākana. ʻO kekahi o lākou, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Shostakovich, i mau mahina (ʻo 15 symphonies a Shostakovich me ka London Symphony Orchestra). Ma ka New York Festival, ua hoʻokani ʻia nā mele a nā haku mele nāna i hoʻolaʻa i kā lākou mau hana nona. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka ʻahaʻaina "Days of Benjamin Britten in St. Petersburg" i ka manawa o ka 90th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o Britten. Ma kāna hana, hoʻāla hou ʻia ka Pablo Casals Cello Competition ma Frankfurt.

Wehe i nā kula mele, alakaʻi i nā papa haku. Mai ka makahiki 2004 ʻo ia ke poʻo o ke Kula ʻo Higher Musical Excellence ma Valencia (Spain). Mai ka makahiki 1998, ma lalo o kāna mau kākoʻo, ua mālama ʻia ka Masterprise International Composition Competition, ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o ka BBC, ka London Symphony Orchestra a me AMI Records. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokūkū ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i ka pilina pili ma waena o nā mea aloha mele koʻikoʻi a me nā haku haku o kēia wā.

Ua pāʻani i nā tausani o nā ʻaha mele ma nā hale ʻaha mele, nā hale hana, nā hui a me nā hale aliʻi (ma Windsor Palace, he ʻaha mele no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka makahiki 65 o Queen Sophia o Sepania, etc.).

ʻO ke akamai ʻenehana maikaʻi ʻole, ka nani o ke kani, ka hana kiʻi, ka moʻomeheu stylistic, ka pololei dramatic, contagious emotionality, inspiration - ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo e mahalo piha i ke kanaka a me ke ʻano hoʻokani o ka mea mele. "ʻO nā mea a pau aʻu e pāʻani nei, makemake wau e maule," wahi āna.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no kāna mau hana aloha: ʻo ia ka pelekikena o ka Vishnevskaya-Rostropovich Charitable Foundation, nāna e hāʻawi i ke kōkua i nā keʻena olakino o nā keiki ma ka Russian Federation. I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻomaka ke kumu e alakaʻi i kahi papahana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā keiki ma Rusia. Ua hoʻokumu ka Pelekikena o ka Fund for Assistance to Gifted Students of Musical Universities i kona inoa, i ka Fund for Assistance to Young Musicians in Germany, kahi waihona kālā no nā keiki akamai ma Rusia.

ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna kamaʻilio ʻana i ka makahiki 1989 ma ka Wall Berlin, a me kona hōʻea ʻana i Moscow i ʻAukake 1991, i ka wā i hui pū ai ʻo ia me ka poʻe pale o ka Hale Keʻokeʻo Lūkini, ua ʻike nui ʻia. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā makana he nui no kāna mau hana pono kanaka, me ka makana makahiki o ka Human Rights League Award (1974). "ʻAʻohe mea e kūleʻa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana iaʻu me Rusia, ʻaʻohe mea nui o ka lepo i ninini ʻia ma luna o koʻu poʻo," wahi āna. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua i kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka Sakharov International Arts Festival ma Nizhny Novgorod, he malihini ʻo ia no ka II a he mea komo i ka ʻaha IV.

He kū hoʻokahi ke ʻano a me nā hana a Rostropovich. E like me kā lākou kākau pololei ʻana, "me kāna kālena mele hoʻokalakupua a me kāna ʻano pilikanaka maikaʻi loa, ua apo ʻo ia i ka honua civili holoʻokoʻa, e hana ana i kahi pōʻai hou o ka "kaʻe koko" o ka moʻomeheu a me nā pilina ma waena o nā kānaka. No laila, ua hāʻawi aku ka US National Recording Academy i Pepeluali 2003 i kahi makana Grammy Music "no kahi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he cellist a me ke alakaʻi, no ke ola i nā hoʻopaʻa leo." Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Gagarin's cello" a me "Maestro Slava".

Walida Kelle

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