Shura Cherkassky |

ʻO Shura Cherkassky

Ma nā ʻaha mele a kēia mea pena, loaʻa pinepine nā mea hoʻolohe i kahi manaʻo ʻē: me he mea lā ʻaʻole ia he mea pena akamai e hoʻokani nei i mua ou, akā he keiki ʻōpio prodigy. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke kahua o ka piano he kanaka liʻiliʻi me ka inoa kamaliʻi, liʻiliʻi, kokoke i ke kiʻekiʻe kamaliʻi, me nā lima pōkole a me nā manamana lima liʻiliʻi - ʻo kēia mau mea a pau e hōʻike ana i kahi hui, akā ua hānau ʻia e ke ʻano hana o ka mea pena. ʻAʻole i hōʻailona wale ʻia e ka ʻōpio spontaneity, akā i kekahi manawa downright childish naivete. ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia kāna pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka hemolele kūʻokoʻa, a i ʻole ka nani, a me ka hoihoi. Akā inā e lawe ʻia ʻoe, paʻakikī ke haʻalele i ka manaʻo ʻaʻole pili ka honua o nā manaʻo i loko o ka mea pena kiʻi i kahi kanaka makua a hanohano.

I kēia manawa, helu ʻia ke ala kiʻi o Cherkassky no nā makahiki he nui. He kama'āina o Odessa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia mai ke mele mai ka wā kamaliʻi: i ka makahiki ʻelima ua haku ʻo ia i kahi opera nui, i ka ʻumi ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi mea hoʻokani pila a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka piano no nā hola he nui i ka lā. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna mau haʻawina mele mua ma ka ʻohana, ʻo Lidia Cherkasskaya he pianist a hoʻokani ʻo ia ma St. I ka makahiki 1923, noho ka ʻohana Cherkassky, ma hope o ka auwana lōʻihi, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Baltimore. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻomaka koke ka ʻōpio virtuoso i kāna hoʻomaka mua i mua o ka lehulehu a ua lanakila ʻo ia: ua kūʻai ʻia nā tiketi āpau no nā ʻaha mele ma hope i loko o nā hola. Ua kāhāhā ke keiki i ka lehulehu ʻaʻole wale me kona akamai loea, akā me ka manaʻo poetic, a ma ia manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna repertoire ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau hana (me nā concerto na Grieg, Liszt, Chopin). Ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana ma New York (1925), ua ʻike ka nūpepa World: "Me ka mālama pono ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kekahi o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo mele, hiki iā Shura Cherkassky ke ulu i loko o kekahi mau makahiki i ke akamai piano o kāna hanauna." ʻAʻole naʻe i aʻo ʻia ʻo Cherkassky i kēlā me kēia wahi, koe wale no kekahi mau mahina o ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Curtis Institute ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a I. Hoffmann. A mai ka makahiki 1928 ua ho'olale 'o ia iā ia iho i ka hana 'aha mele, i paipai 'ia e nā mana'o maika'i o ia mau luminaries o ka piano e like me Rachmaninov, Godovsky, Paderevsky.

Mai ia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua haneli, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka "ʻauʻau" ma ke kai ʻaha mele, e hahau pinepine ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe mai nā ʻāina like ʻole me ke ʻano o kāna pāʻani ʻana, e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i waena o lākou, e lawe ana i ka huahekili. nā pua koʻikoʻi, kahi i hiki ʻole ai iā ia ke pale aku i kekahi manawa a me ka paʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i loli kona pāʻani i nā manawa a pau: i ka makahiki kanalima, lohi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomau i ka haku i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa mua - sonatas a me nā pōʻai nui o Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms. Akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, e mau ana nā ʻano ākea o kāna mau wehewehe ʻana, a ke kau nei ka ʻuhane o ke ʻano o ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole, ma luna o lākou. A ʻo ia wale nō - "ua ʻike ʻia": ʻoiai nā manamana lima pōkole, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka nele o ka ikaika ...

Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohewa ʻia - no ka haʻahaʻa, ka makemake ponoʻī a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hopena o waho, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā kuʻuna āpau. Ua manaʻo ʻo Joachim Kaiser: "ʻO kahi virtuoso e like me Shura Cherkassky ikaika, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohauʻoli a hoʻohauʻoli mai ka poʻe hoʻolohe akamai - akā i ka manawa like, i ka nīnau o ka hoʻokani piano i kēia lā, a i ʻole. pehea ka pilina o ka moʻomeheu o kēia wā me nā haku o ka palapala piano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pane ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Cherkassky.

Ke kamaʻilio nei ka poʻe hoʻohewa - a ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole - e pili ana i ka "ʻono o ka cabaret", e pili ana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka subjectivism, e pili ana i nā kūʻokoʻa i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka kikokikona a ka mea kākau, e pili ana i ke ʻano like ʻole. Akā,ʻaʻole mālamaʻo Cherkassky i ka maʻemaʻe o keʻano, ka pono o ka manaʻo - hoʻokani waleʻo ia, hoʻokani i keʻano o kona manaʻo i ke mele, maʻalahi a maʻamau. No laila, he aha ka hoihoi a me ka hoihoi o kāna pāʻani? ʻO ka ʻike loea wale nō? ʻAʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e kāhāhā i kēia manawa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā virtuosos ʻōpio e pāʻani wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o Cherkassky. ʻO kona ikaika, ma ka pōkole, aia nō ia i ka manawa o ka manaʻo, ka nani o ke kani, a me ke ʻano o ka pīhoihoi i lawe mau ʻia e kāna pāʻani, i ka hiki i ka piano ke "heluhelu ma waena o nā laina." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā canvases nui ʻaʻole lawa kēia - pono ia i ka unahi, ka hohonu hohonu, ka heluhelu ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau i ko lākou paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe ma Cherkassky kekahi i kekahi manawa e mahalo i nā manawa piha i ke kumu maoli a me ka nani, nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā sonata o Haydn a me Mozart mua. ʻO kahi kokoke loa i kona ʻano ke mele o nā mele aloha a me nā mea kākau o kēia wā. Ua piha kēia i ka māmā a me nā mele "Carnival" na Schumann, nā sonatas a me nā manaʻo na Mendelssohn, Schubert, Schumann, "Islamei" na Balakirev, a ma hope, nā sonatas na Prokofiev a me "Petrushka" na Stravinsky. No nā piano liʻiliʻi, ma ʻaneʻi ʻo Cherkassky i loko o kāna mea, a ma kēia ʻano he liʻiliʻi nā mea like me ia. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī hoihoi, ka hoʻokalakupua i nā leo ʻaoʻao, hoʻomaka i ka hula hulahula, hoʻokō i ka ʻike ahi i nā pāʻani o Rachmaninoff lāua ʻo Rubinstein, Poulenc's Toccata a me Mann-Zucca's "Training the Zuave", Albéniz's "Tango" a me mau kakini o nā "mea liʻiliʻi" ʻē aʻe.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka mea nui i ka hana pianoforte; ʻAʻole i kūkulu pinepine ʻia ka inoa o kahi mea pena kiʻi nui ma luna o kēia. Akā ʻo ia ʻo Cherkassky - a ʻo ia, he ʻokoʻa, he "kuleana e noho ai." A i ka manawa e maʻa ai ʻoe i kāna pāʻani, hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻimi i nā mea hoihoi i kāna mau wehewehe ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaka ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea pena i kona ʻano ponoʻī, kū hoʻokahi a ikaika. A laila ʻaʻole i hoʻonāukiuki hou kāna pāʻani ʻana, makemake ʻoe e hoʻolohe hou iā ia, me ka ʻike ʻana i nā palena o ka mea pena. A laila maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumu i hoʻokau nui ʻia ai e kekahi poʻe hoʻohewa koʻikoʻi a me nā connoisseurs o ka piano, e kapa iā ia, e like me R. Kammerer, "hoʻoilina i ka ʻaʻahu o I. Hoffman”. No kēia, pololei, aia nā kumu. "Cherkassky," i kākau ai ʻo B. ʻO Jacobs i ka hopena o 70s kekahi o nā kālena mua, he kanaka akamai mua ʻo ia a, e like me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia helu liʻiliʻi, ua kokoke loa i ka mea a mākou e ʻike hou nei e like me ka ʻuhane ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka poʻe mele kaulana a me ke aloha. he nui nā hana "ʻano" o ka maʻamau maloʻo o ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Manaʻo kēia ʻuhane i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻokoʻa noʻonoʻo o ka mea hoʻokani, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono e huikau kēia kūʻokoʻa me ke kuleana o ka manaʻo ʻole. Nui nā poʻe akamai ʻē aʻe e ʻae me ka loiloi kiʻekiʻe o ka mea pena. Eia ʻelua mau manaʻo mana. ʻO K. MA Ua kākau ʻo Kürten: “ʻAʻole ʻo kāna kīpē hauʻoli i ke ʻano e pili ana i nā haʻuki ma mua o ke kiʻi. ʻO kona ikaika ʻino, ʻenehana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoihana piano ma ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mele maʻalahi. Mohala ʻo Cantilena ma lalo o nā lima o Cherkassky. Hiki iā ia ke kala i nā ʻāpana lohi i nā kala kani maikaʻi, a, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike nui e pili ana i nā subtleties rhythmic. Akā, i nā manawa kupanaha loa, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kēlā ʻōlinolino koʻikoʻi o ka piano acrobatics, ka mea e kahaha ai ka mea hoʻolohe: ma hea kahi e loaʻa ai i kēia kanaka liʻiliʻi a palupalu ka ikaika a me ka elasticity ikaika e hiki ai iā ia ke lanakila lanakila i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka virtuosity? Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Paganini Piano" ʻo Cherkassky no kāna hana kilokilo. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻōkuhi o ke kiʻi o kahi mea pena kiʻi e E. ʻO Orga: "Ma kāna mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo Cherkassky kahi haku piano maikaʻi loa, a lawe mai ʻo ia i kāna mau wehewehe ʻana i kahi ʻano a me ke ʻano hiki ʻole ke kuhihewa. ʻO Touché, pedalization, phrasing, ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ka hōʻike ʻana i nā laina lua, ka hanohano o nā ʻano, ka pilina poetic - aia kēia mau mea i kona mana. Hoʻohui ʻo ia me ka piano, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae iā ia e lanakila; ʻōlelo ʻo ia me ka leo ʻoluʻolu. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e ʻimi e hana i kekahi mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka ʻili. ʻO kona mālie a me kona poise hoʻopau i kēia XNUMX% hiki ke hana i kahi manaʻo nui. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia i ka naʻauao koʻikoʻi a me ka mana paʻa i loaʻa iā mākou, e ʻōlelo, Arrau; ʻAʻole loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo hoʻonāukiuki o Horowitz. Akā ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi, ʻike ʻo ia i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau me ka lehulehu ma kahi ala ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā Kempf. A ma kāna mau hana kiʻekiʻe loa, ua like ka lanakila me Rubinstein. No ka laʻana, ma nā ʻāpana e like me Albéniz's Tango, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hiʻohiʻona hiki ʻole ke hoʻonui.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine - i ka wā ma mua o ke kaua a i ka 70-80s, hele mai ka mea pena i ka USSR, a hiki i nā mea hoʻolohe Lūkini ke ʻike i kāna ʻano kiʻi no lākou iho, e noʻonoʻo pono i kahi o kēia mea hoʻokani maʻamau i ka panorama kala o ka pianistic. noeau o ko kakou mau la.

Mai ka makahiki 1950 i noho ai ʻo Cherkassky ma Lākana, kahi i make ai ʻo ia ma 1995. Ua kanu ʻia ma Highgate Cemetery ma Lākana.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.