Arvo Avgustovich Pärt |

Mahele Arvo

ʻO Arvo Pärt kekahi o nā mea kākau hohonu a ʻuhane o ko mākou manawa, he mea pena kiʻi o ka manaʻoʻiʻo nui a me ka maʻalahi. Aia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano me nā haku mele koʻikoʻi o kēia wā e like me A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulinina, G. Kancheli, E. Denisov. Ua loaʻa mua ʻo ia i ka kaulana i ka makahiki 50, haku ʻia i ke ʻano o ka neoclassicism fashionable, a laila hoʻāʻo me ka arsenal holoʻokoʻa o ka avant-garde - serial technique, sonorics, polystylistics; ʻO kekahi o nā mea haku mele Soviet i huli i ka aleatorics a me ka collage. Ma waena o nā hana o ia mau makahiki - "Obituary" no ka symphony orchestra, ka pāʻani "Perpetuum mobile", hoʻolaʻa iā Luigi Nono; "Collage ma ke kumuhana BACH", Second Symphony, cello concerto "Pro et contra", cantata "Credo" (ma ka kikokikona mai ka Sermon on the Mount). I ka hopena o nā makahiki 60, me ka manaʻo ʻole no nā mea a pau, ua haʻalele ʻo Pärt i ka avant-garde a ʻaʻohe mea kākau no 8 mau makahiki (ʻo 3 wale nō nā symphonies i ʻike ʻia).

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua aʻo ikaika ka mea haku mele i nā mele mua me ka hui pū ʻana me ka Hortus musicus ensemble. ʻO ka ʻike me ke mele Gregorian a me ka polyphony medieval i hoʻoholo ai i ke ala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka haku mele i ka diatonicity, modality a me ka euphony. "Ua aʻo mai ʻo Gregorian oli iaʻu i kahi huna huna i loko o ke akamai o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau memo," wahi a ka mea haku mele. Mai kēia manawa, lilo ka haku mele no Pärt i ʻano lawelawe kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa a hōʻole iā ia iho.

Ua kapa ka mea haku mele i kona ʻano hou, e pili ana i nā mea kani maʻalahi, ʻo tintinnabuli (lat. bells) a wehewehe ʻo ia he "he pakele i ka ʻilihune manawaleʻa." Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāna mele "maʻalahi", "ʻilihune" a me ke ʻano monotonous he paʻakikī a kūkulu pono ʻia. Ua hōʻike pinepine ka mea haku mele i ka manaʻo ʻaʻole i ke mele wale nō, akā ʻo ka cosmos kekahi e alakaʻi ʻia e kahi helu, "a ʻo kēia helu, me he mea lā iaʻu, hoʻokahi. Akā, ua hūnā ʻia, pono ʻoe e hele i laila, koho, i ʻole e nalowale mākou i ka haunaele. ʻAʻole ʻo ka helu no Pärt wale nō kahi ʻano philosophical, akā hoʻoholo pū kekahi i nā ʻāpana o ka haku mele a me ke ʻano.

ʻO nā hana mua loa o ka waena o 70s, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka "maʻalahi hou" - Arbos, Fraters, Summa, Tabula rasa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i lawe mai iā Pärt i ka kaulana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a hana nui ʻia. Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka Soviet Union (1980), noho ʻo Pärt ma Berlin a kākau i nā mele kapu wale nō i nā kikokikona Katolika a me ka Orthodox (i ka makahiki 1972 ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka mea haku mele i ka manaʻo Orthodox). I waena o lākou: Stabat Mater, Berlin mass, "Song of Silouan" (Monk of Athos), Cantus i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā B. Britten, Te Deum, Miserere, Magnificat, "Song of the Pilgrimage", "Now I resort to you", "Aia koʻu ala ma nā mauna a me nā awāwa", "ʻO kā mākou Lede o ka Virgin", "ʻO wau ke kumu waina maoli" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

Puna: meloman.ru