Tatiana Shmyga (Tatiana Shmyga).

Tatiana Shmyga

ʻO ka mea pena operetta he mea generalist. ʻO ia nā kānāwai o ke ʻano: hoʻohui ia i ke mele, ka hula a me ka hana keaka ma ka wāwae like. A ʻo ka nele o kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, ʻaʻole ia e uku ʻia e ka hele ʻana o kekahi. ʻO ia paha ke kumu e ʻā pinepine ʻole ai nā hōkū ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka lewa o ka operetta. ʻO Tatyana Shmyga ka mea nona kahi mea ʻokoʻa, ʻōlelo paha kekahi synthetic, talent. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hohonu, ka lyricism ʻuhane, i hui pū ʻia me ka ikaika a me ka nani, ua hoʻohuli koke ʻia ka manaʻo i ka mea mele.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Tatyana Ivanovna Shmyga ma ka lā 31 o Dekemaba, 1928 ma Moscow. "He poʻe lokomaikaʻi a maikaʻi koʻu mau mākua," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea pena. "A ʻike wau mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ka makuahine a me ka makua kāne ke hoʻopaʻi wale i ke kanaka, akā hiki ke hōʻeha iā ia."

Ma hope o ka puka 'ana, hele 'o Tatyana e a'o ma ka State Institute of Theatre Arts. Ua lanakila like kona mau papa ma ka papa leo o DB Belyavskaya; Ua haʻaheo ʻo ia i kāna haumāna a me IM Tumanov, ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i ʻike ai i nā mea huna o ka hana. ʻAʻole i waiho kēia mau mea kānalua e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi wā e hiki mai ana.

“… I koʻu makahiki ʻehā, ua haki koʻu leo ​​- ua nalowale koʻu leo," wahi a ka mea pena. “Ua manaʻo wau ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hīmeni hou. Ua makemake au e haʻalele i ke kula. Ua kōkua mai kaʻu mau kumu maikaʻi iaʻu - ua hoʻohiki lākou iaʻu iaʻu iho, e ʻimi hou i koʻu leo.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka institute, ua ho'omaka 'o Tatyana i kāna hana mua ma ke kahua o ka Moscow Operetta Theatre i ka makahiki ho'okahi, 1953. Ua ho'omaka 'o ia ma 'ane'i me ke 'ano o Violetta ma Kalman's Violet of Montmartre. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻatikala e pili ana iā Shmyg i ʻōlelo pololei ʻia ʻo kēia kuleana "me he mea lā i koho mua ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ka mea hana keaka, kona hoihoi kūikawā i ka hopena o nā kaikamahine ʻōpio maʻalahi, haʻahaʻa, waho ʻole, hoʻololi kupanaha i ka wā o nā hanana a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa. ka wiwo ole o ka uhane.

Ua loaʻa iā Shmyga he kumu aʻoaʻo maikaʻi a he kāne hoʻi i ka hale keaka. ʻO Vladimir Arkadyevich Kandelaki, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka Moscow Operetta Theatre, ua lilo i hoʻokahi i ʻelua mau kānaka. ʻO ka hale kūʻai o kāna kālena noʻeau e kokoke ana i nā manaʻo noʻeau o ka wahine ʻōpio. Ua mana'o a ho'okō 'o Kandelaki e hō'ike i nā mana synthetic i hele mai ai 'o Shmyga i ka hale keaka.

"Hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo ʻo kēlā mau makahiki he ʻumi i ka wā i lilo ai kaʻu kāne i alakaʻi nui i mea paʻakikī loa iaʻu," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Shmyga. – ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i nā mea a pau. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole i ke kuleana, ʻaʻole hiki ke koho, a no ka mea ʻo wau ka wahine a ke alakaʻi nui. Ua pāʻani wau i nā mea a pau, inā makemake wau a makemake ʻole paha. ʻOiai e pāʻani ana nā mea hana keaka i ke Kamāliʻiwahine Circus, ka Merry Widow, Maritza a me Silva, ua hoʻokani hou au i nā hana āpau i ka "Operettas Soviet". A ʻoiai ʻaʻole wau makemake i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, hoʻomaka wau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, no ka mea, ʻōlelo mai ʻo Kandelaki iaʻu: "ʻAʻole, e pāʻani ʻoe." A pāʻani wau.

ʻAʻole wau makemake e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo ʻo Vladimir Arkadyevich ka mea hoʻomāinoino, mālama i kāna wahine i kahi kino ʻeleʻele ... Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia ka mea hoihoi loa iaʻu. Ma lalo o Kandelaki au i hoʻokani ai iā Violetta ma The Violet of Montmartre, Chanita, Gloria Rosetta ma ka pāʻani The Circus Lights the Lights.

He mau hana kupanaha keia, he mau hana hoihoi. Mahalo nui wau iā ia no kona manaʻoʻiʻo i koʻu ikaika, hāʻawi mai iaʻu i ka manawa e wehe ai.

E like me kā Shmyga i ʻōlelo ai, ua mau ka Soviet operetta i ke kikowaena o kāna repertoire a me kāna mau mea hoihoi. ʻO nā hana maikaʻi loa o kēia ʻano i hala koke aku nei me kona komo ʻana: "White Acacia" na I. Dunaevsky, "Moscow, Cheryomushki" na D. Shostakovich, "Spring Sings" na D. Kabalevsky, "Chanita's Kiss", "The Hoʻomālamalama ʻo Circus i nā kukui", "Ka pilikia o ke kaikamahine" na Y. Milyutin, "Sevastopol Waltz" na K. Listov, "Kaikamahine me nā maka ʻulaʻula" na V. Muradeli, "Hoʻokūkū Nani" na A. Dolukhanyan, "White Night" na T . Khrennikov, "Let the Guitar Play" na O. Feltsman , "Comrade Love" na V. Ivanov, "Frantic Gascon" na K. Karaev. He papa inoa kēia. Loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole, a no kēlā me kēia Shmyga ʻike ʻo ia i nā kala hoʻokūkū, i kekahi manawa e lanakila ana i ka conventionality a me ka looseness o ka mea dramatic.

Ma ke kuleana o Gloria Rosetta, ua piʻi ka mea mele i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai, e hana ana i kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hana hana. ʻO ia kekahi o nā hana hope loa a Kandelaki.

Ua kākau ʻo EI Falkovic:

“… I ka manawa i lilo ai ʻo Tatyana Shmyga, me kāna mau mele mele, ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole, i ke kikowaena o kēia ʻōnaehana, ua kaulike ka ʻōlinolino o ke ʻano o Kandelaki, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka waiwai, ʻo ka ʻaila mānoanoa o kāna palapala i hoʻopau ʻia e ka poʻe palupalu. kala wai o ka pāʻani ʻana a Shmyga.

Pela i ka Circus. Me Gloria Rosetta - Shmyga, ke poʻomanaʻo o ka moeʻuhane o ka hauʻoli, ke kumuhana o ke aloha ʻuhane, ka wahine hoʻohiwahiwa, ka hui ʻana o ka nani o waho a me loko, i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo Shmyga i ka hana walaʻau, hāʻawi iā ia i kahi malu palupalu, hoʻoikaika i kāna laina lyrical. Eia kekahi, i kēia manawa ua piʻi kona ʻoihana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i lilo ai kāna hana keaka i kumu hoʻohālike no nā hoa.

Ua paʻakikī ke ola o Gloria ʻōpio - Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Shmyga i ka hopena o kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi mai ke kula ʻo Parisian, ua haʻalele i kahi keiki makua ʻole a hānai ʻia e kahi Italia, ka mea nona ka circus, ʻo Rosetta ʻino a haiki.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Gloria ka Farani. Ua like ʻo ia me ke kaikuaʻana o ke Kaikamahine mai Montmartre. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona mālie, ka māmā a me ke kaumaha iki o kona mau maka e hoʻāla i ke ʻano o nā wahine a nā haku mele i mele ai, nāna i hoʻoikaika i nā mea pena - nā wahine o Manet, Renoir a me Modigliani. ʻO kēia ʻano wahine, ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu, me kahi ʻuhane i piha i nā manaʻo huna, hana ʻo Shmyg i kāna kiʻi.

ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka duet - "Ua komo ʻoe i loko o koʻu ola e like me ka makani ..." - kahi manaʻo no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi hoʻokūkū o ʻelua mau ʻano, he lanakila i kahi mehameha lyrical palupalu.

A hikiwawe, me he mea lā, he "ʻaoʻao" i manaʻo ʻole ʻia - ke mele kaulana ʻo "The Twelve Musicians", i lilo ma hope i hoʻokahi o nā helu ʻaha mele maikaʻi loa o Shmyga. Malamalama, leʻaleʻa, i ke kani o ka foxtrot wikiwiki me ka puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu - "la-la-la-la" - he mele unpretentious e pili ana i ʻumikumamālua mau talena i ʻike ʻole ʻia i hāʻule i ke aloha me ka nani a hīmeni i kā lākou serenades iā ia, akā ʻo ia, e like me ka mea maʻamau, aloha i kahi ʻokoʻa loa, ʻilihune ka mea kūʻai aku i nā memo, "la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la ...".

… ʻO kahi puka wikiwiki ma kahi paepae diagonal e iho ana i ke kikowaena, kahi ʻano ʻoi a me ka wahine o ka hula e hui pū me ka mele, kahi ʻaʻahu hoʻokani pop, kahi hauʻoli hauʻoli no ka moʻolelo o kahi mea hoʻopunipuni liʻiliʻi, e hāʻawi ana iā ia iho i kahi mele hoʻohiwahiwa ...

… I loko o "The Twelve Musicians" ua hoʻokō ʻo Shmyga i kahi ʻano hana like ʻole o ka helu, ua hoʻolei ʻia ka ʻike paʻakikī i loko o kahi ʻano virtuoso impeccable. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole hula kāna Gloria, akā he mea like me ka foxtrot kahua paʻakikī, hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i ke kumu Farani o ka heroine a me Offenbach.

Me nā mea a pau, aia kekahi hōʻailona hou o nā manawa i kāna hana - kahi hapa o ka hoʻohenehene māmā ma luna o kahi ʻino o nā manaʻo, hoʻohenehene e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau manaʻo ākea.

Ma hope aku, ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mea hoʻohenehene e hoʻomohala i kahi pale pale e kūʻē i ka ʻino o ka haunaele honua - me kēia, e hōʻike hou ʻo Shmyga i kona pili ʻuhane me ka hana koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa - ʻo kahi pale liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohenehene e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā mea āpau i kahi helu nani - he mea lapuwale ke noʻonoʻo ʻana i kahi ʻuhane, makewai e ola hohonu a piha, hiki ke māʻona i kahi mele nani. He nani, leʻaleʻa, ʻakaʻaka, nani loa, akā ʻaʻole poina ʻia nā mana ʻē aʻe a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe ma hope o kēia.

I ka makahiki 1962, ua puka mua ʻo Shmyga i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ma Ryazanov "Hussar Ballad" Ua hoʻokani ʻo Tatyana i kahi episodic, akā hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka hana a ka mea hoʻokani Farani ʻo Germont, i hele mai i Rūsia ma ka huakaʻi a paʻa "i ka hau", i ka mānoanoa o ke kaua. Hoʻokani ʻo Shmyga i kahi wahine ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu a hoʻohiwahiwa. Akā, ʻo kēia mau maka, kēia helehelena palupalu i nā manawa mehameha, ʻaʻole ia e hūnā i ke kaumaha o ka ʻike, ke kaumaha o ka mehameha.

Ma ka mele a Germont "Ua inu au a inu, ua ona au ..." hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maʻalahi i ka haʻalulu a me ke kaumaha o kou leo ​​ma hope o ka leʻaleʻa. Ma kahi hana liʻiliʻi, ua hana ʻo Shmyga i kahi haʻawina psychological nani. Ua hoʻohana ka mea hana keaka i kēia ʻike ma nā hana keaka ma hope.

"Ua hōʻailona ʻia kāna pāʻani e ka manaʻo kūpono ʻole o ke ʻano a me ka hoʻokō ʻuhane hohonu," wahi a EI Falkovich. — ʻO ka pono kūpono ʻole o ka mea hana keaka, ʻo ia me kāna kiʻi e lawe mai i ka hohonu o ka ʻike i ka operetta, nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ke ola, e hoʻonui ana i kēia ʻano i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea koʻikoʻi.

I kēlā me kēia hana hou, ʻike ʻo Shmyga i ke ʻano hou o ka hōʻike mele, me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nānā ʻana i ke ola maʻalahi a me ka laulā. ʻO ka hopena o Mary Eve mai ka operetta "The Girl with Blue Eyes" na VI Muradeli he mea kupaianaha, akā haʻiʻia ma ka'ōlelo o kahi operetta aloha; ʻO Jackdaw mai ka pāʻani "Real Man" na MP Ziva e hoʻokipa me ka nani o ka ʻōpio palupalu, akā ikaika; ʻO Daria Lanskaya ("White Night" na TN Khrennikov) hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana keaka maoli. A ʻo ka hope loa, ʻo Galya Smirnova mai ka operetta "Beauty Contest" na AP Dolukhanyan e hōʻuluʻulu i ka manawa hou o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea hana keaka, nāna i hoʻokomo i loko o kāna heroine i ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka Soviet, kona nani ʻuhane, ka waiwai o nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo. . Ma kēia kuleana, hoʻomaopopo ʻo T. Shmyga ʻaʻole wale me kāna ʻoihana akamai, akā me kāna kūlana hanohano, kūlana kīwila.

ʻO nā mea hoʻokō koʻikoʻi o Tatiana Shmyga ma ke kahua o ka operetta kahiko. ʻO ka Violetta poetic ma The Violet of Montmartre na I. Kalman, ka Adele olaola a ikaika i loko o The Bat na I. Strauss, ʻo Angel Didier ma The Count of Luxembourg na F. Lehar, ʻo Ninon maikaʻi i ke kahua lanakila o The. ʻO Violets o Montmartre, ʻo Eliza Doolittle ma "My Fair Lady" na F. Low - e hoʻomau ʻia kēia papa inoa e nā hana hou a ka mea hana.

I nā makahiki 90, ho'okani'o Shmyga i nā hana nui ma nā hana "Catherine" a me "Julia Lambert". Ua kākau ʻia nā opereta ʻelua nona. "ʻO ka hale keaka koʻu home," mele ʻo Julia. A hoʻomaopopo ka mea hoʻolohe iā Julia a me ka mea hoʻokani o kēia kuleana ʻo Shmyga i hoʻokahi mea like - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou ola me ka ʻole o ka hale keaka. ʻO nā hana ʻelua he himeni i ka mea hana keaka, he himeni i ka wahine, he himeni i ka nani wahine a me ke talena.

“Ua hana au i koʻu ola a pau. No nā makahiki he nui, i kēlā me kēia lā, mai ka ʻumi i ke kakahiaka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, kokoke i kēlā me kēia ahiahi - nā hana. I kēia manawa ua loaʻa iaʻu ka manawa e koho ai. Hoʻokani wau iā Catherine lāua ʻo Julia a ʻaʻole au makemake e pāʻani i nā hana ʻē aʻe. Akā he mau hana kēia aʻu i hilahila ʻole ai, "wahi a Shmyga.