He aha ka Piano - ka ʻike nui

ʻO ka piano (mai ka Italian forte - leo nui a me ka piano - mālie) he mea kani kaula me ka mōʻaukala waiwai. Ua ʻike ʻia e ka honua no ʻekolu haneli mau makahiki, akā pili mau.

Ma kēia ʻatikala - kahi ʻike piha o ka piano, kona mōʻaukala, nā mea hana a me nā mea hou aku.

Moolelo o ka mea kani

Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka piano, aia nā ʻano mea kani ʻē aʻe:

1. Harpsichord . Ua hana ʻia ma Italia i ke kenekulia 15. Ua unuhi ʻia ke kani ma muli o ke kaomi ʻana i ke kī, ua ala ke koʻokoʻo (pusher), a ma hope o ka plectrum "ʻohi" i ke kaula. ʻO ka hemahema o ka harpsichord, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka leo, a ʻaʻole ikaika ke kani.
2. ʻO Clavichord (Unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latina - "kī a me ke kaula"). Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kenekulia XV-XVIII. Ua piʻi ka leo ma muli o ka hopena o ka tangent (he pine metala ma ke kua o ke kī) ma ke kaula. Hoʻomalu ʻia ka leo o ke kani ma ke kaomi ʻana i ke kī. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka clavichord ke kani wikiwiki.

ʻO Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731) ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka piano, he haku mele ʻItalia. I ka makahiki 1709, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hana ma kahi mea kani i kapa ʻia ʻo gravicembalo col piano e forte (harpsichord e kani mālie a leo nui) a i ʻole "pianoforte". Aneane ua hele mua na node nui o ka piano piano hou.

ʻO Bartolomeo Cristofori

I ka wā lōʻihi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka piano:

• ua ʻike ʻia nā papa metala ikaika, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kau ʻana o nā kaula (hoʻokahi ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe), a ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou mānoanoa - hiki i kēia ke hoʻokō i kahi leo saturated;
• i ka makahiki 1822, ua hoʻopaneʻe ka Farani S. Erar i ka mīkini "hoʻomaʻamaʻa pālua", i hiki ai ke hana hou i ke kani a hoʻonui i ka dynamics o ka Play;
• I ke kenekulia 20, ua hana ʻia nā piano uila a me nā synthesizers.

Ma Rusia, hoʻomaka ka hana piano i ke kenekulia 18 ma St. Petersburg. A hiki i 1917, aia ma kahi o 1,000 mau mea hana a me nā haneli o nā hale mele - no ka laʻana, KM Schroeder, Ya. Becker" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ma ka huina, i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka noho ʻana o ka piano, ma kahi o 20,000 mau mea hana like ʻole, nā ʻoihana a me nā poʻe, ua hana i kēia mea kani.

He aha ke ʻano o ka piano, piano nui a me ka fortepiano

ʻO Fortepiano ka inoa maʻamau no nā mea kani o kēia ʻano. Aia kēia ʻano i nā piano nui a me nā piano (unuhi maoli - "piano liʻiliʻi").

I loko o ka piano nui, ua kau ʻia nā kaula, nā mechanics a pau a me ka papa kani (resonating surface) ma ke ākea, no laila he mea kupanaha loa kona nui, a ua like kona ʻano me ka ʻēheu manu. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ka poʻi wehe (ke wehe ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ka mana kani).

Aia nā piano o nā nui like ʻole, akā ma ka awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mea kani ma kahi o 1.8 m, a ʻo ka laulā ma kahi o 1.5 m.

Hōʻike ʻia ka piano e ka hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o nā mīkini, no laila ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka piano, kahi ʻano elongated a pili kokoke i ka paia o ka lumi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ana o ka piano ma mua o ka piano nui - hiki i ka laulā awelika i 1.5 m, a ʻo ka hohonu ma kahi o 60 cm.

Nā ʻokoʻa o nā mea kani

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole, loaʻa i ka piano nui nā ʻokoʻa mai ka piano:

1. Aia nā kaula o kahi piano nui ma ka mokulele like me nā kī (kūpono ma ka piano), a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, e hāʻawi ana i kahi leo nui a momona.
2. He 3 mau pedal ko ka piano nui a he 2 ko ka piano.
3. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ke kumu o nā mea kani. Ua kūpono ka piano no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, no ka mea he maʻalahi ke aʻo ʻana i ka pāʻani ʻana, ʻaʻole nui ka leo e hoʻopilikia i nā hoalauna. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka piano no nā lumi nui a me nā mea hoʻokani pila.

Ma keʻano laulā, pili ka piano a me ka piano nui i kekahi i kekahi, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kaikaina a me ke kaikuaʻana ma ka ʻohana piano.

Nā mākaʻikaʻi

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka piano :

• piano liʻiliʻi (lōʻihi 1.2 - 1.5 m.);
• piano keiki (1.5 – 1.6 m.);
• piano waena (1.6 – 1.7 m ka lōʻihi);
• piano nui no ka lumi noho (1.7 – 1.8 m.);
• ʻoihana (ʻo kona lōʻihi he 1.8 m.);
• piano nui no nā keʻena liʻiliʻi a nui (1.9/2 m ka lōʻihi);
• nā piano ʻaha mele liʻiliʻi a nui (2.2/2.7 m.)

Hiki iā mākou ke inoa i kēia mau ʻano piano:

• piano-spinet - ke kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o 91 knm, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka hopena, ʻaʻole ke kani maikaʻi loa;
• ʻoluʻolu piano (ʻo ka koho maʻamau) - ke kiʻekiʻe 1-1.1 m, keʻano maʻamau, ke kani maikaʻi;
• studio (ʻoihana) piano - ke kiʻekiʻe 115-127 knm, hoʻohālikelike ke kani me kahi piano nui;
• nā piano nui - ke kiʻekiʻe mai 130 cm a ma luna, nā mea hoʻohālike kahiko, ʻike ʻia e ka nani, ka lōʻihi a me ke kani maikaʻi.

Hoʻonoho 'ana

Hoʻokaʻawale ka piano nui a me ka piano i kahi hoʻolālā maʻamau, ʻoiai ua hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa nā kikoʻī:

• huki ʻia nā kaula ma luna o ka pahu hao me ke kōkua o nā mākia, e hele ana i ka treble a me ka bass shingles (hoʻonui lākou i nā vibrations string), i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pale lāʻau ma lalo o nā kaula ( resonant deck);
• ma ka helu haʻahaʻa, 1 string acts, a ma waena a me nā papa inoa kiʻekiʻe, he "chorus" o nā kaula 2-3.

Nā Hana

Ke paʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila i ke kī, neʻe ka mea hoʻoheheʻe (muffler) mai ke kaula aku, e ʻae ʻia ke kani manuahi, a laila paʻi ka hāmare ma luna. Penei ke kani o ka piano. Ke hoʻokani ʻole ʻia ka mea kani, kaomi ʻia nā kaula (koe naʻe nā octaves kiʻekiʻe) i ka damper.

Piano Pedals

ʻO ka piano maʻamau ʻelua mau pedal, a ʻo ka piano nui ʻekolu:

1. Pedal mua . Ke paʻi ʻoe iā ia, piʻi aʻe nā dampers a pau, a kani kekahi mau kaula i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā kī, a hoʻomaka kekahi e haʻalulu. Ma kēia ala e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kahi kani mau a me nā overtones hou.
2. Paʻa paepae hema . Hoʻonanea i ke kani a hoʻomāmā. Hoʻohana kakaʻikahi.
3. ʻEkolu pedal (loaʻa wale ma ka piano). ʻO kāna hana, ʻo ia ke ālai i kekahi mau dampers i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia lākou a hiki i ka hemo ʻana o ka pedal. Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i hoʻokahi chord ke pāʻani nei i nā memo ʻē aʻe.

Ke hoʻokani pila

He 88 mau ki o na piano a pau, he 52 keokeo a he 36 ke koena he eleele. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau o kēia mea kani mai ka memo A subcontroctave a i ka memo C ma ka ʻelima octave.

ʻO nā piano a me nā piano nui he mea maʻalahi loa a hiki ke pāʻani i kēlā me kēia leo. Ua kūpono lākou no nā hana solo a no ka hui pū ʻana me kahi orchestra.

No ka laʻana, hoʻokani pinepine nā pianists i ka violin, dombra, cello a me nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

NPP

Pehea e koho ai i kahi piano no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home?

Pono e noʻonoʻo i kahi mea nui - ʻo ka nui o ka piano a i ʻole ka piano nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kani. Inā ʻae ka nui o kou home a me kāu kālā, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i piano nui. I nā kumu'ē aʻe,ʻo kahi mea kani-nui ke koho maikaʻi loa -ʻaʻole e lawe i kahi ākea, akā e kani maikaʻi.

He maʻalahi ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokani piano?

Inā makemake ka piano i nā mākau holomua, a laila kūpono loa ka piano no nā poʻe hoʻomaka. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe i aʻo ʻole i ke kula mele ma ke ʻano he kamaliʻi - i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā haʻawina piano ma ka pūnaewele.

ʻO wai nā mea hana piano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?

He mea pono e ʻike i kekahi mau hui e hana ana i nā piano nui a me nā piano kiʻekiʻe:

• uku nui : Nā piano nui ʻo Bechstein, nā piano Blutner a me nā piano nui, nā piano ʻaha mele Yamaha;
• papa waena : Nā piano nui ʻo Hoffmann , nā piano ʻo August Forester;
• nā kumu hoʻohālike kālā kūpono : Boston, Yamaha piano, Haessler grand pianos.

Nā mea hoʻokani piano kaulana a me nā haku mele

1. ʻO Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) he haku mele Polani koʻikoʻi a he mea hoʻokani piano virtuoso. Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā hana he nui i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e hui pū ana i nā mele kahiko a me nā mea hou, me ka mana nui i ka mele honua.
2. ʻO Franz Liszt (1811-1886) - ka mea hoʻokani piano Hungarian. Ua kaulana ʻo ia no kāna hoʻokani piano virtuoso a me kāna mau hana paʻakikī - no ka laʻana, ka Mephisto Waltz waltz.
3. Sergei Rachmaninov (1873-1943) he mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo Lūkini. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia e kona ʻano pāʻani a me ke ʻano o ka mea kākau.
4. Denis Matsuev he pianist virtuoso o kēia wā, lanakila i nā hoʻokūkū hanohano. Hoʻohui kāna hana i nā kuʻuna o ke kula piano Lūkini a me nā mea hou.

Nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka Piano

• e like me ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ka pāʻani ʻana i ka piano he hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ka kūleʻa o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe i nā keiki o ke kula;
• ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka piano ʻaha mele nui loa ma ka honua he 3.3 m, a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o hoʻokahi tona;
• Aia ka waena o ka piano piano ma waena o nā memo "mi" a me "fa" i ka octave mua;
• ʻO ka mea kākau o ka hana mua no ka piano ʻo Lodovico Giustini, nāna i kākau i ka sonata "12 Sonate da cimbalo di piano e forte" i ka makahiki 1732.

Loaʻa i luna

ʻO ka piano kahi mea kani kaulana a hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi analogue no ia. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i pāʻani ma mua, e hoʻāʻo iā ia - malia paha e piha koke kou hale i nā leo kupua o kēia mau kī.