He aha nā opera a Mozart i kākau ai? 5 mau opera kaulana loa

I loko o kona ola pōkole, ua hana ʻo Mozart i ka nui o nā hana mele like ʻole, akā ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo ka opera ka mea nui loa i kāna hana. I ka huina, ua kākau ʻo ia i 21 mau opera, me ka mea mua loa, ʻo Apollo a me Hyacinth, i ka makahiki 10, a ʻo nā hana koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumi hope o kona ola. Kūlike nā ʻāpana i nā ʻono o ka wā, e hōʻike ana i nā meʻe kahiko (opera seria) a i ʻole, e like me ka opera buffa, nā mea noʻonoʻo a me ka maʻalea.

Pono ke kanaka moʻomeheu maoli e ʻike i ka mea opera Mozart i kākau ai, a i ʻole ka mea kaulana loa o lākou.

"Ka male o Figaro"

ʻO kekahi o nā keaka kaulana loa ʻo "The Marriage of Figaro", i kākau ʻia ma 1786 ma muli o ka pāʻani a Beaumarchais. He maʻalahi ka manaʻo - ke hele mai nei ka male ʻana o Figaro lāua ʻo Suzanne, akā aloha ʻo Count Almaviva iā Suzanne, e hoʻoikaika nei e hoʻokō i kāna makemake i kēlā me kēia kumukūʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻopunipuni holoʻokoʻa a puni kēia. Ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he opera buffa, ʻo The Marriage of Figaro, akā naʻe, ua ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ke ʻano ma muli o ka paʻakikī o nā kiʻi a me ko lākou ʻano pilikino i hana ʻia e ka mele. No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi comedy o nā kiʻi - kahi ʻano hou.

ʻO Don Juan

I ka makahiki 1787, ua kākau ʻo Mozart i ka opera ʻo Don Giovanni e pili ana i ka moʻolelo Spanish o ka wā kahiko. ʻO ke ʻano he opera buffa, a ua wehewehe ʻo Mozart iā ia iho he "keaka hauʻoli." ʻO Don Juan, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻowalewale iā Donna Anna, pepehi i kona makuakāne, ke Aliʻi, a hele i kahi peʻe. Ma hope o ke ʻano o nā hanana a me nā hoʻololi ʻana, kono ʻo Don Juan i ke kiʻi o ke Aliʻi āna i pepehi ai i kahi pōpō. A puka mai ke Alihikaua. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻi weliweli, huki ʻo ia i ka libertine i Gehena ...

Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Vice, e like me ke koi ʻia e nā kānāwai o ka classicism. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo Don Giovanni ʻo Mozart he meʻe maikaʻi ʻole; ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka mea nānā me kona manaʻolana a me kona wiwo ʻole. Hele ʻo Mozart ma waho o nā palena o ke ʻano a hana i kahi pāʻani mele noʻonoʻo, kokoke iā Shakespeare i ka ikaika o nā kuko.

"ʻO ia ka hana a nā mea a pau."

ʻO ka opera buffa "ʻO kēia ka mea a nā mea a pau" i kauoha ʻia mai Mozart e Emperor Joseph i ka makahiki 1789. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi moʻolelo ʻoiaʻiʻo i hana ʻia ma ka ʻaha. I loko o ka moʻolelo, ua hoʻoholo ʻelua mau kāne ʻōpio, ʻo Ferrando lāua ʻo Guglielmo, e hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kā lāua mau wahine mare a hele mai i o lākou lā me ka hūnā. ʻO kekahi Don Alfonso i hoʻonāukiuki iā lākou, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻohe mea ma ka honua e like me ka wahine pono. A ua ʻike ʻia ua pololei ʻo ia…

Ma kēia keaka, pili ʻo Mozart i ke ʻano buffa kuʻuna; Ua piha kona mele i ka māmā a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i mahalo ʻia i ka wā o ke ola o ka mea haku mele "ʻO kēia ka mea a nā mea a pau", akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19 ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻokani ʻia ma nā kahua opera nui loa.

"Ke aloha o Tito"

Ua kākau ʻo Mozart iā La Clemenza di Titus no ke komo ʻana o ka Emepera Czech Leopold II i ka noho aliʻi ma 1791. Ma ke ʻano he libretto, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi kikokikona mua loa me kahi papa banal, akā he aha ka opera Mozart i kākau ai!

He hana kupaianaha me nā mele hanohano a hanohano. Aia ka manaʻo ma luna o ka Emepera Roma ʻo Titus Flavius ​​​​Vespasian. Hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi kipi iā ia iho, akā ʻike ʻo ia i ka lokomaikaʻi iā ia iho e kala aku i ka poʻe kipi. Ua kūpono kēia kumuhana no ka hoʻolauleʻa poni ʻana, a ua hoʻokō ʻo Mozart i ka hana me ka nani.

“Ohe kupua”

I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua kākau ʻo Mozart i kahi opera ma ke ʻano lāhui Kelemania ʻo Singspiel, kahi i hoʻokipa nui iā ia. ʻO kēia ka "The Magic Flute" me kahi libretto na E. Schikaneder. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka manaʻo i nā mea kilokilo a me nā hana mana a hōʻike i ka hakakā mau loa ma waena o ka maikaʻi a me ka hewa.

Ua ʻaihue ʻo Sarastro i ke kaikamahine a ke aliʻi wahine o ka pō, a hoʻouna ʻo ia i ke kanaka ʻōpio ʻo Tamino e ʻimi iā ia. Loaʻa iā ia ke kaikamahine, akā ua ʻike ʻia aia ʻo Sarastro ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka maikaʻi, a ʻo ka Mōʻīwahine o ka pō ke ʻano o ka hewa. Ua holo maikaʻi ʻo Tamino i nā hoʻokolohua āpau a loaʻa i ka lima o kāna mea aloha. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera ma Vienna i ka makahiki 1791 a ua lanakila nui ʻo ia ma muli o ke mele nani a Mozart.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻike i ka nui o nā hana nui a Mozart i hana ai, he aha nā opera āna i kākau ai, inā ua hāʻawi ka hopena iā ia i kekahi mau makahiki hou o ke ola. Akā ʻo ka mea i hiki iā ia ke hana i kona wā pōkole e pili pono ana i ka waiwai o nā mele honua.