hope |
ital. hope, mai ka lat. hoʻopau - hope, hopena
1) Ma ka instr. mele - ka hapa hope o ka cyclic. prod. - sonata-symphony, suite, i kekahi manawa ka pauku hope o ke kaʻina hoʻololi. Me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā mele kikoʻī. ʻO nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana hope loa, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, no ka laʻana, ka wikiwiki (pinepine i ka wikiwiki o ka pōʻai), ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana, ke ʻano o ka poʻe, ka maʻalahi a me ka laulā o ke mele a me ke mele (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mua. nā ʻāpana), rondality o ka hale (ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o kahi hoʻolālā lua a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka "inclination" i ka rondo, ma ka huaʻōlelo o VV Protopopov), ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea i pili i nā muses i kūkulu ʻia. nā ʻenehana e hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo o ka hopena o kahi pōʻai nui. hana.
I ka sonata-symphony. pōʻai, ʻo nā ʻāpana o ia mau pae o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo hoʻokahi. manaʻo, F., ʻo ia ka pae hopena, ua hāʻawi ʻia me kahi kūikawā, e hana ana i loko o ke kaʻina o ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa, ka hana semantic o ka hoʻopau ʻana, e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā pāʻani e like me ka hana koʻikoʻi o F.. collisions, a kikoʻī. . nā loina o kāna mele. nā hui i manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka mele. nā kumuhana a me nā mele. ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia kēia hana hoʻokani pila i ka sonata-symphony. F. he loulou koʻikoʻi loa i ka pōʻai. prod. - kahi loulou e hōʻike ana i ka hohonu a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka sonata-symphony holoʻokoʻa. nā manaʻo.
ʻO ka pilikia o ka sonata-symphony. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo F. i ka manaʻo o nā mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka pono o kahi F. organik no ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa ua hoʻokūpaʻa pinepine ʻia e AN Serov, nāna i mahalo nui i ka hopena o Beethoven. ʻO BV Asafiev ka pilikia o F. i ka helu o nā mea nui loa i ka symphony. art-ve, ʻoi aku ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi a maikaʻi i loko o ia mea ("ʻo ka mea mua ... pehea e nānā ai i ka hopena, i ka pae hope o ka symphony, ka hopena kūlohelohe o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, a ʻo ka lua, pehea e hoʻopau ai a pani i ka holo o nā manaʻo a hoʻōki i ka neʻe ʻana i kona wikiwiki e piʻi ana ").
Sonata-symphony. F. ma kāna mea hana keaka nui. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hana i loko o nā hana a nā mele Viennese. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kekahi o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona i ke mele o ka wā ma mua. No laila, aia i loko o nā kaʻina sonata o JS Bach, kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke kiʻi, thematic. a me ka pili tonal o F. me na mahele mua, oi loa aku me ka hapa mua o ke kaapuni: mamuli o ke mele malie. hapa, F. hoihoi i ka pono o ka hapa mua (ka "waena o ka umekaumaha" o ka pōʻaiapuni). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa mua, ʻike ʻia ka motika ʻo Bach F. e nā thematics maʻalahi; i F. ho'iho'i 'ia ke tonality o ka hapa 1 (ma hope o ka ha'alele 'ana mai ia mea ma ka waena o ka pō'ai); Hiki i ka F. ke komo i nā pilina leo me ka hapa 1. I ka manawa o Bach (a ma hope, a hiki i ka classicism Viennese mua), sonata-cyclic. Ua ʻike pinepine ʻo F. i ka mana o ka pōʻai F. suite - gigi.
I loko o nā symphonies o nā haku mele o ke kula Mannheim, i pili i ka mōʻaukala me nā symphonies operatic i hana i nā hana o kahi overture, F. no ka manawa mua i loaʻa i kahi manaʻo kūikawā o ka ʻāpana kūikawā o ka pōʻai, nona kona ʻano figurative. maʻiʻo (nā kiʻi o ka hauʻoli hauʻoli, etc.) a me nā mele maʻamau. thematicism kokoke i ka thematicism o ka wok. F. opera buffa a me gigi. ʻO Mannheim F., e like me nā symphonies o ia manawa, kokoke i nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia lā, i pili i ka maʻalahi o kā lākou ʻike a me nā mele. palapala. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka symphony Mannheim. pōʻaiapuni, ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā muses nui. states-kiʻi i loaʻa i loko o ke akamai o ia manawa, hoʻoholo i ka typification o F. a me ke ano o kona semantic pili me na mea mua, kokoke i ka suite.
F. Ua hōʻike piha ka poʻe kahiko Viennese i nā loli i hana ʻia ma nā muses. art-ve, - ka makemake no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka sonata-symphony. nā manaʻo, i ka hoʻomohala cross-cutting a me ka dramaturgy. ka lōkahi o ka pōʻai, i ka ulu ikaika a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka arsenal o muses. nā kālā. I ka hopena hope loa, ʻo J. Ke lilo nei ʻo Haydn i mea maopopo loa i ke ʻano, pili pū me ke ʻano o ka neʻe nui, ka neʻe nui (i kekahi ʻano i ʻike mua ʻia o ka Mannheim F.), ke kumu o ia mea ma nā hiʻohiʻona hope o ka buffa opera. I ka ho'āʻo e concretize ke mele. nā kiʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻo Haydn i ka hoʻolālā (no ka laʻana, "The Tempest" ma F. Symphony No 8), hoʻohana i ka hale keaka. mele (F. symphony No 77, he kiʻi ia o ka hahai holoholona ma ka hana 3. kāna opera "Rewarded Fidelity"), hoʻomohala ʻo Nar. nā kumuhana – Kroatia, Serbian (F. nā symphonies NoNo 103, 104, 97), i kekahi manawa e hoʻokō pono ai ka poʻe hoʻolohe. nā hui kiʻi (no ka laʻana, ma F. symphony No. 82 - "he bea, i alakaʻiʻia a hōʻikeʻia a puni nā kauhale",ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka inoa o ka symphony a pau "Bear"). ʻO nā hopena hope loa o Haydn e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i ka honua i manaʻo ʻia me ka mana nui o ke ʻano kuʻuna kanaka. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o Haydnian F. lilo i rondo (no hoi rondo-sonata), e pii ana i Nar. hula poepoe a me ka hoike ana i ka manao o ka circular motion. 'Ōlelo Aʻo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka sonata rondo i hoʻokalakupua mua i ka hopena o Haydn ʻo ia ka leo. ka maʻamau o kāna mau ʻāpana constituent (i kekahi manawa ka mea i kapa ʻia. Mr. monothematic a hoʻokahi-demon rondo sonata; ʻike, no ka laʻana, symphonies No99, 103). Loaʻa ka ʻano Rondo i nā ʻano ʻano pālua i hoʻohana ʻia e Haydn ma F. (fp. sonata ma E minor, Hob. XVI, No 34). ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ke ʻano variational he mea koʻikoʻi mai ka manaʻo o ka mōʻaukala o sonata-symphony. F., t. No ka mea, ʻo kēia ʻano, e like me Asafiev, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka rondo, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi o nā "manaʻo" o kahi manaʻo a manaʻo paha (ma nā ʻano like ʻole mele preclassical ma F. ʻO nā pōʻaiapuni kahi hiʻohiʻona o G. F. Handel; knm. Concerto grosso op. 6 ʻAʻole 5). Ua hoʻohana ʻo Haydn ma F. fugue (quartet a i ʻole. 20 No 2, 5, 6, op. 50 ʻAʻole 4), loaʻa nā mea o ka rondality (kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ka fugue mai ka quartet op. 20 No 5) a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, hoʻāla hou i ka moʻomeheu o F. kahiko sonata da chiesa. ʻO kekahi ʻO ke kumu maoli o nā ʻano hope a Haydn i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka wehe ʻana i nā muses. mea, haku mele. loaʻa (eg 3 reprises i ka fugue o ka quartet op. 20 No 5, ka "farewell" Adagio in Symphony No 45, kahi e hāmau ai nā mea kani o ka orchestra ma ka huli), e hōʻike. ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyphony, ch. arr., ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i kahi "vanity" hope loa, kahi hoʻōla hauʻoli (Symphony No. 103), i kekahi manawa e hoʻāla i ka manaʻo o kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia lā (he mea like me ka "paʻapaʻa alanui" a i ʻole "hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika" i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o F. Symphony No99). T. o., ma ka hana a Haydn F. me kāna mau ʻano hoʻomohala kumuhana kikoʻī. piʻi ka mea i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka sonata allegro o ka neʻe mua, e hana ana i kahi sonata-symphony. koena haku mele. ʻO ka pilikia paʻi kiʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lokahi o ka pōʻai e Haydn ma ka moʻomeheu o kona mau mua. He huaʻōlelo hou ma kēia wahi no V. A. Mozart. ʻO Mozart F. e ʻike i kahi hui like ʻana o nā sonatas a me nā symphonies, kakaʻikahi no ko lākou manawa. manaʻo, maʻiʻo figurative o ka pōʻaiapuni - excitedly lyrical, no ka laʻana. ma g-moll symphony (No 41), kanikau i ka d-moll quartet (K.-V. 421), heroic i ka symphony "Jupiter". ʻO nā kumumanaʻo o nā hopena hope a Mozart e hoʻonui a hoʻohui i nā leo o nā neʻe mua. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻenehana o Mozart o ka leo. ʻO ka generalization ka mea ma F. ʻohi ʻia nā ʻāpana melodic kaʻawale i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o nā ʻāpana mua. himeni, leo kani, hookiekie i kekahi mau kapuai o ke ano, rhythmic. a me ka harmonic. huli, ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻāpana mua, ʻike maʻalahi o nā kumuhana, akā i kā lākou hoʻomau ʻana, ʻaʻole wale i ka melodic nui. nā leo, akā me nā leo pū kekahi - ma kahi huaʻōlelo, he kumuhana kēlā paʻakikī. nā mea, ka-ry, ka hele ʻana mai kahi ʻāpana a i kekahi ʻāpana, e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka leo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia hana, ka hui ʻana o kāna "leo kani" (e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e V.
I ka hope o ka sonata-symphony. cycles of Mozart F. he mea kū hoʻokahi e like me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manaʻo maʻamau o nā pōʻaiapuni, nona lākou (e pili ana i nā symphonies ma g-moll a me C-dur, no ka laʻana, ʻike ʻo TN Livanova he ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i kā lākou nā hoʻolālā ma mua o nā symphonies ʻē aʻe o ke kenekulia 18). ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala figurative, ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka mea hou o ka manaʻo Mozartian o ka pōʻai, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia i ke ʻano o F. E ʻike ʻia lākou. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka hoihoi i ka sonata, i ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano sonata maoli (symphony ma g-moll), ka rondo-sonata (fp. concerto A-dur, K.-V. 488), a ma ka "sonata mood" kūikawā ma nā ʻano o ke ʻano non-sonata, eg. i loko o ka rondo (flute quartet, K.-V. 285). I ka hana F., e pili ana i ka manawa hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua noho ʻia kahi wahi nui e nā ʻāpana hoʻomohala, a ʻo ka mea nui loa o ke mele-thematic. lilo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i polyphony, hoʻohana ʻia e Mozart me ka virtuosity kupaianaha (string quintet in g-moll, K.-V. 516, symphony in g-moll, quartet No. 21). ʻOiai kūʻokoʻa ka fugue. ʻAʻole maʻamau ke ʻano no nā hopena hope a Mozart (quartet F-dur, K.-V. 168), kā lākou kikoʻī. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka hoʻokomoʻana o ka fugue (e like me keʻano, ma keʻano i hoʻopuehuʻia) i keʻano o nāʻano homophonic - sonata, rondo sonata (string quintets D-dur, K.-V. 593, Es-dur, K.- V. 164) a hiki i ke mele hoʻokumu ʻana he ʻano synthesizing i nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi fugue a me kahi sonata (string quartet G-dur No1, K.-V. 387), kahi ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia i ka mōʻaukala i mea hoʻohiki loa (F. fp . Schumann quartet Es-dur op. 47, Reger's string quartet G-dur op.54 No 1). ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ia ʻano synthetic ma Op. ʻO Mozart - ka hui ʻana o ka polyphonic dispersed. nā ʻāpana e kahi laina hoʻomohala hoʻokahi, e hoʻoikaika ana i kahi culmination ("large polyphonic form", ka huaʻōlelo o VV Protopopov). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe o kēia ʻano ʻo ka F. symphony "Jupiter", kahi o ke ʻano sonata (e hana ana i kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī o ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana) he ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā pilina kūloko ma waena o ka polyphonic dispersed. nā ʻāpana e kū mai ana e like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DOS. nā kumuhana sonata form. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia laina kumuhana (nā kumuhana 1 a me 2 o ka ʻāpana nui, hoʻohui a me ke kula lua) i kona polyphonic. hoʻomohala ʻia-i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike-canonical. polyphony. ʻO ka synthesis systematic o thematism ma o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka polyphony e hoʻopau i ka coda, kahi i hui pū ʻia ai ka thematic holoʻokoʻa i kahi fugato ʻelima ʻeleʻele. mea a me nā hana polyphonic laulā. ka hoʻomohala ʻana (kahi hui ʻana o ka polyphony hoʻohālikelike a me ka hoʻohālikelike-thematic polyphony).
Ma ka hana a Beethoven, ka mea hana keaka. ke kuleana o F. mahuahua nui loa; ʻO ia me kāna mele i ka musicology ka ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o F. no ka sonata-symphony. pōʻai ma ke ʻano he "lei aliʻi", pahuhopu, hopena (A. N. Serov), ke kuleana o F. i ke kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i kahi pōʻai (N. L. ʻO Fishman, ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi o ka symphony 3, ua hiki i ka hopena "ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana mua o ka Eroica ke kumu i kona hopena"), a me ka pono o ka theoretical. ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā loina o kahi symphony holoʻokoʻa. haku mele. Ma oo Op. ʻO Beethoven F. lilo mālie i "waena o ka'umekaumaha" o ka pōʻaiapuni, kona piko, kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia ai nā hoʻomohala mua a pau, i kekahi mau mea pili ia me ka ʻāpana mua (e like me ke kumu o attacca), e hui pū me ia i ka hapa 2nd. o ka pōʻai he ʻano hui like ʻole. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka ʻokoʻa e alakaʻi i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma F. nā ʻano, e lilo i ka-rye i ka thematically a me ka structurally ʻoi aku ka monolithic. No laila, no ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano sonata o nā hope a Beethoven e ka fluidity, ka holoi ʻana i nā palena cadence ma waena o nā ʻāpana nui a me nā ʻaoʻao me kā lākou intonation. pili (feat. sonata No. 23 "Appassionata"), i ka rondo hope ua ho'ōla hou ʻia nā loina o ka hale kahiko ʻeleʻele me ka ulu ʻana o nā interludes (fp. Sonata No. 22), i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole, aia ka predominance o ke ʻano hoʻomau, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia nā loina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i loko o lākou - ka hoʻomohala ʻana, fugue (3rd symphony), i ka rondo sonatas ua ʻike ʻia ka predominance o nā ʻano me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. , ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana ( 6th symphony). Ma nā hana hope loa a Beethoven, kekahi o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o F. lilo i fugue (cello sonata op. 102 ʻAʻole 2). Intonac. e hoʻomākaukau ana iā F. i ka hana ʻana ua lawe ʻia ʻo Beethoven me ke kōkua o melodic-harmonic. nā pilina, a me nā hoʻomanaʻo kumuhana (fp. sonata No 13), monothematism (5th symphony). ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui nā pili tonal-phonic (ke kumu o ka "tonal resonance", ka huaʻōlelo o V. MA Protopopov). mea ola F. i ka pōʻaiapuni, kona ʻano ma ke ʻano. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻāpana mua o nā mea o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka like ʻole o ka rondo, ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka polyphonic. nā ʻenehana e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kekahi ʻano o ka ʻatikala, ʻo ia hoʻi, e. ka hele ʻana i loko o kekahi mau ʻano o ka hoʻolālā 2nd, kekahi a i ʻole synthesis o nā ʻano kumu-kūkulu ʻano like ʻole, a ma kekahi mau hihia - a me ke koho ʻana o ka mea nui. nā ʻano (nā ʻano like ʻole o nā symphonies 3 a me 9). He mea pono ke hōʻike ʻia ka symphony o ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma Beethoven ʻaʻole wale ma F. nā symphonies, akā ma F. Nā pōʻai "keʻena" - quartets, sonatas (no ka laʻana, F. fp. sonatas No 21 – he rondo nui me ka hoʻomohala a me ka coda, F. fp. sonatas No. 29 - he lua fugue me ka manaʻo ikaika loa. ka hoʻomohala ʻana - ʻo ka "Queen of fugues", ma nā ʻōlelo a F. Buzoni). ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe loa o Beethoven - F. 9th symphony. ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā muses i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻano kikoʻī. nā kiʻi kiʻi nani. jubilation - ka undulation o ka dynamics o ka ho okumu ana, e hana ana i ka hoonui i ka manao hookahi, kona pii ana i ka apotheosis - he lua fugato, e hoike ana ch. noʻonoʻo i hui pū ʻia (me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano) 2 mau kumuhana nui - "nā kumuhana o ka hauʻoli" a me "Hug, miliona"; ʻano ʻokoʻa, piʻi i ka hui a pili pū me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke mele himeni, wehe ʻole ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia e nā kumu o ka fugue, rondo-like, complex three-part form; ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka papa himeni, nāna i hoʻonui i ka symphony. hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kānāwai o ka haku ʻōlelo oratorio; hana keaka kūikawā. ʻO ka manaʻo o F., ʻaʻole wale kahi ʻōlelo o ka lanakila o ka heroic. nā manaʻo (e like me ka mea maʻamau), akā ʻo ka pae o nā ʻimi hoʻokūkū ma mua o ia a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi "foothold" - nā muses nui. Nā kumuhana; ka hemolele o ka ʻōnaehana haku mele. nā generalizations o F., nāna i hoʻopili paʻa i ka intonational, harmonic, variation, polyphonic, e hohola ana iā ia ma o ka symphony holoʻokoʻa. threads - ua hoʻoholo kēia mau mea i ke ʻano o ka hopena o F. 9th symphony i nā mele ma hope a ua hoʻomohala ʻia e nā haku haku o nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka pololei loa. ka mana o P. 9th symphony - i nā symphonies a G. Berlioz, F. Papa inoa, A. Bruckner, G.
Ma ke kiʻi post-Beethoven, aia kahi manaʻo i ka synthesis o nā mele me ka palapala, keaka, ke akeakamai, i ke ʻano o nā muses. nā kiʻi, i ka individualization o nā manaʻo i hoʻoholo i kahi ʻano nui o nā kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ke ʻano o F. I ka hui ʻana o F. me nā ʻāpana mua, me ka thematic. hoʻomanaʻo, ua hoʻomaka nā loina o ka monothematism a Liszt a me ka leitmotivity opera i ke alakaʻi. Ma ka papahana mele a ka poʻe haku mele Romantic, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kani o ke ʻano keaka, e like me ke kahua opera, kahi i ʻae ʻia i nā hana keaka. incarnation ("Romeo a me Julia" na Berlioz), kahi ʻano "demoni" F.-grotesque i hoʻomohala ʻia ("Faust" he symphony na Liszt). ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka psychological ka hoʻomaka i lawe mai i kahi F. kūʻokoʻa - "afterword" ma FP. sonata b-moll Chopin, pōʻino. F. Adagio lamentoso ma Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony. ʻO nā ʻano o ia mau huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole maʻamau (ma ka symphony 6th a Tchaikovsky, no ka laʻana, he neʻe ʻekolu maʻalahi me kahi coda e hoʻokomo i kahi mea o ka sonata); ʻO ke ʻano o ka polokalamu F. i kekahi manawa ma lalo o ke kukui. hoʻolālā, hoʻokumu i nā ʻano manuahi ma ke ʻano nui (Manfred na Tchaikovsky). Ka wehewehe ʻana iā F. ma ke ʻano he leo a me ka leo. ke kikowaena o ka pōʻai, kahi i huki ʻia ai ka piko maʻamau a me ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā hana keaka. hakakā, ʻano o nā symphonies a G. Mahler, i kapa ʻia ʻo "symphonies of the finals" (P. Becker). ʻO ke ʻano o ka Mahler's F., e hōʻike ana i ka "nui nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana" (ma nā ʻōlelo a Mahler ponoʻī) o ka pōʻai holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ka "plot" mele mele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ka symphony. ʻO ka manaʻo o Mahler, a ulu pinepine i loko o ka grandiose variant-strophic. palapala.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka māhele kī o ka pōʻai ʻo F. ma op. DD Shostakovich. ʻOkoʻa loa i ka ʻike (no ka laʻana, ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka makemake e hakakā ma ka F. 1st symphony, ka huakaʻi hoʻolewa i ka F. 4th, ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o ka honua i ka F. 5th), e pili ana i nā ʻāpana mua. (i kekahi mau hihia F., komo me ke keakea ole, e like me ka 11th symphony, me he mea la e hahai mai ana i na mea a pau o na hanana i hala aku nei, ma na mea e ae, ua kaawale loa ia, e like me ka symphony 6), e hoike ana i ka laula o ka poai o ka poai. hoʻohana ʻia nā muses. ʻo ia hoʻi (monothematism - ʻelua o Beethoven's (5th symphony) a me Liszt's type (1st symphony), ke ʻano o ka hoʻomanaʻo thematic - me kāna "Russian variety", e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma PI Tchaikovsky, SI Taneyev, AN Scriabin (coda-apotheosis. ma ke kumumanaʻo nui i hoʻololi ʻia o ka neʻe mua ma F. 1th symphony), kahi ʻano intonation e ulu ana, synthesizing i nā loina o JS Bach a me Mahler, ma nā ʻano, nā ʻano o ka haku mele mele (F. o ka symphony 7) a me ka papahana papahana ( F., no ka laʻana, o ka 6th symphony, "non-programmed"), ʻo nā hopena hope o Shostakovich he hōʻike ia o nā manaʻo essay Ch.
2) I loko o ke mele opera, he kahua hui nui e komo pū ana ka opera holoʻokoʻa a me kāna mau hana pākahi. ʻO Opera F. ma ke ʻano he mele e ulu wikiwiki nei. he hui e hōʻike ana i nā loli a pau o nā pāʻani. nā hana, i kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia 18. ma ital. opera buffa; Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ʻo F. "nā pōpō", no ka mea, ua hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka ʻike nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. I loko o ia F., ua hoʻonui mau ʻia ka haʻalulu ma muli o ke ʻano lohi ma ke kahua o nā mea hou loa, e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, a hiki mai i ka hōʻino a me ka huhū nui (ma ka hana F. ʻelua hana), a i ʻole i ka denouement (ma ka F. hope loa). No laila, dram. ua hoʻokō ʻia kēlā me kēia māhele hou o ka hoʻolālā a F. e nā manawa hou, tonality, a me kekahi hapa kumuhana. mea waiwai; Ma waena o nā ala o ka hui ʻana o F. ʻo ia ka pani ʻana o ke tonal a me ke ʻano like me ka rondo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona mua o ka hui ikaika F. - i ka opera "The Governor" na N. Logroshino (1); ʻO ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo operatic me N. Piccinni (The Good Daughter, 1747), Paisiello (The Miller's Woman, 1760), a me D. Cimarosa (The Secret Marriage, 1788). Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o Classic F. ma nā ʻōpera a Mozart, muses. hoʻomohala i-rykh, maʻalahi ma hope o ke keaka. hana, i ka manawa like e lawe i ke ʻano o nā muses piha pono. nā hale. ʻO ka paʻakikī a me ka "symphonic" i kā lākou muses ponoʻī. ulu ana ka ulu. F. opera na Mozart – 1792nd d. "Mare o Figaro" a me 2st d. "Don Giovanni".
Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano huaʻōlelo operatic hou e MI Glinka ma ka epilogue o Ivan Susanin; he hiʻohiʻona poʻomanaʻo nui ia, i loko o ka haku mele ʻana o ka loina ʻano like ʻole; ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻano o ka hoʻomohala symphonic i loko me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona intonational o ka Lūkini. nar. mele.
E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Serov AN, He ʻōlelo no ka ʻatikala "He leka na kahi mea noʻonoʻo kaulana i kēia manawa (mai nā mea mele ʻole) ma ka ʻeiwa symphony a Beethoven", "Era", 1864, No 7, paʻi hou ʻia. ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kiʻi. ʻO TN Livanova "Beethoven a me nā mele mele Lūkini o ke kenekulia XIX", ma ka puke: Beethoven, Sat. st., hoopuka. 2, M., 1972; nona iho, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, kona hale a me kona ano, "Modern Chronicle", 1868, Mei 12, No 16, like, ma ka puke: AN Serov, Selected Articles, vol. 1, M.-L. , 1950; ʻO Asafiev BV, Keʻano mele ma keʻano he kaʻina hana, puke. 1, M., 1930, (nā puke 1-2), L., 1971; nona iho, Symphony, ma ka puke: Essays on Soviet musical creativity, vol. 1, M.-L., 1947; Livanova T., Moʻolelo o nā mele ʻEulopa Komohana a hiki i 1789, M.-L., 1940; ʻo kāna mele ponoʻī, Western European music of the XVII-XVIII century in a number of arts, M., 1977; ʻO ka puke kiʻi kiʻi a Beethoven no 1802-1803, ka noiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana e NL Fishman, M., 1962; Protopopov Vl., Kauoha o Beethoven, “SM”, 1963, No 7; kāna, History of polyphony in its most important phenomena, (issue 2), M., 1965; ʻo kāna ponoʻī, Beethoven's Principles of Musical Form, M., 1970; kāna, Ma ke ʻano sonata-cyclic i nā hana a Chopin, ma Sat: Nā nīnau o ke ʻano mele, vol. 2, M., 1972; kāna, Rondo Form in Mozart's Instrumental Works, M., 1978; ʻO kāna, Nā kiʻi mai ka moʻolelo o nā ʻano mea kani o ka 1979th - mua o 1975th mau kenekulia, M., 130; Barsova I., Symphonies of Gustav Mahler, M., 3; Tsakher I., Ka pilikia o ka hopena ma B-dur quartet op. 1975 Beethoven, in Sat: Problems of Musical Science, vol. 1976, M., XNUMX; Sabinina M., Shostakovich-symphonist, M., XNUMX.
TN Dubrovskaya
