Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (Alexander Scriabin).

ʻO Alexander Scriabin

ʻO ka mele a Scriabin kahi makemake ʻole, makemake nui i ke kūʻokoʻa, no ka hauʻoli, no ka leʻaleʻa i ke ola. … Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻike ola i nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa o kona au, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i mea "pahū", hoihoi a hoʻomaha ʻole o ka moʻomeheu. B. Asafiev

Ua komo ʻo A. Scriabin i nā mele Lūkini i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1890. a hōʻike koke ʻo ia iā ia iho he kanaka maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi loa. ʻO kahi mea hana hou wiwo ʻole, "he mea ʻimi akamai i nā ala hou," wahi a N. Myaskovsky, "me ke kōkua o kahi ʻōlelo hou loa, ʻike ʻole ʻia, ua wehe ʻo ia i nā manaʻo kupaianaha ... ko mākou mau maka i kahi mea nui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa." Hōʻike ka hana hou a Scriabin iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o ke mele, harmoni, texture, orchestration a me ka wehewehe kikoʻī o ka pōʻaiapuni, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo, i pili nui ʻia me nā aesthetics aloha a me nā mele o ka hōʻailona Lūkini. ʻOiai ke ala pōkole pōkole, ua hana ka mea haku mele i nā hana he nui ma nā ʻano mele symphonic a me nā mele piano. Ua kākau ʻo ia i 3 symphonies, "The Poem of Ecstasy", ka mele "Prometheus" no ka mea hoʻokani pila, Concerto no ka Piano a me ka Orchestra; 10 sonata, poem, preludes, etudes a me na haku mele no ka pianoforte. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Scriabin me ke au paʻakikī a me ka haunaele o ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia ʻelua a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XX hou. ʻO ke kaumaha a me ka leo ahi, nā manaʻo nui no ke kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻuhane, no nā manaʻo o ka maikaʻi a me ka mālamalama, no ka pilina o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā kānaka e hoʻopiha i ke ʻano o kēia mea hoʻokani pila, e hoʻokokoke ana iā ia i nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Scriabin i loko o kahi ʻohana patriarchal naʻauao. ʻO ka makuahine i make koke (ma ke ala, he mea hoʻokani piano) ua pani ʻia e kona ʻanakē, ʻo Lyubov Alexandrovna Skryabina, ʻo ia hoʻi kāna kumu mele mua. Ua lawelawe koʻu makuakāne ma ka ʻoihana diplomatic. Ua ʻike ʻia ke aloha o ke mele i ka liʻiliʻi. Sasha mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Eia naʻe, e like me ka moʻomeheu ʻohana, i ka makahiki 10, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ka cadet corps. Ma muli o ke olakino maikaʻi ʻole, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Scriabin mai ka ʻoihana koa ʻeha, kahi i hiki ai ke hāʻawi manawa hou aku i ke mele. Mai ke kauwela o 1882, ua hoʻomaka nā haʻawina piano maʻamau (me G. Konyus, he theorist kaulana, haku mele, pianist; ma hope - me ke kaukaʻi ma ka conservatory N. Zverev) a me ka haku mele (me S. Taneyev). I Ianuali 1888, ua komo ka'ōpio Scriabin i ka Moscow Conservatory ma ka papa o V. Safonov (piano) a me S. Taneyev (counterpoint). Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi papa counterpoint me Taneyev, ua neʻe ʻo Scriabin i ka papa hana manuahi o A. Arensky, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kā lāua pilina. Ua puka maikaʻi ʻo Scriabin mai ka conservatory ma ke ʻano he pianist.

No nā makahiki he ʻumi (1882-92) ua haku ka mea haku mele i nā ʻāpana mele he nui, ʻo ka hapa nui no ka piano. Aia ma waena o lākou nā waltzes a me nā mazurkas, preludes a me etudes, nocturnes a me sonatas, kahi i lohe mua ʻia ai kā lākou "Scriabin note" (ʻoiai i kekahi manawa hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka mana o F. Chopin, ka mea i aloha nui ʻia e ka ʻōpio Scriabin a, e like me ka nā memo o kona mau hoa, hana maikaʻi ʻia). ʻO nā hana a pau a Scriabin ma ke ʻano he pianist, inā ma ke ahiahi haumāna a i ʻole ma kahi pōʻai aloha, a ma hope aku ma nā pae nui loa o ka honua, ua mālama ʻia me ka kūleʻa mau, ua hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻolohe mai nā leo mua loa. ka piano. Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, ua hoʻomaka kahi manawa hou i ke ola a me ka hana a Scriabin (1892-1902). Hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ala kūʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he haku mele-pianist. Hoʻopiha ʻia kona manawa i nā huakaʻi ʻahamele ma ka home a ma waho, ka haku mele; ua hoʻomaka kāna mau hana e paʻi ʻia e ka hale paʻi o M. Belyaev (he mea kūʻai lāʻau waiwai a me ka philanthropist), nāna i mahalo i ke akamai o ka haku mele ʻōpio; ke hoʻonui nei ka pilina me nā mea hoʻokani pila, no ka laʻana, me ka Belyaevsky Circle ma St. Petersburg, i komo pū me N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Glazunov, A. Lyadov, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; Ke ulu nei ka ʻike ma Rusia a ma waho. ʻO nā ho'āʻo e pili ana i ka maʻi o ka lima'ākau "overplayed" i waihoʻia ma hope. He kuleana ko Scriabin e ʻōlelo: "He ikaika a ikaika ka mea i ʻike i ke kaumaha a lanakila." Ma ka nūpepa haole, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia "he ʻano ʻokoʻa, he haku mele a he pianist maikaʻi loa, he ʻano maikaʻi a me ke akeakamai; ʻo ia ka manaʻo a me ka lapalapa kapu." I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua haku ʻia he 12 haʻawina a me 47 preludes; 2 apana no ka lima hema, 3 sonata; Concerto for piano and orchestra (1897), orchestral poem "Dreams", 2 monumental symphonies with a monumental philosophical and ethical concept, etc.

ʻO nā makahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana (1903-08) i hui pū me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nohona kiʻekiʻe ma Rūsia i ka pō a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻololi mua o Rūsia. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau makahiki, noho ʻo Scriabin ma Switzerland, akā makemake nui ʻo ia i nā hanana kipi ma kona ʻāina hānau a aloha ʻo ia i ka poʻe kipi. Ua hōʻikeʻo ia i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoihoi i ka noʻonoʻo - ua huli houʻo ia i nā manaʻo o ka mea kilokilo kaulanaʻo S. Trubetskoy, i hui me G. Plekhanov ma Switzerland (1906), ua aʻo i nā hana a K. Marx, F. Engels, VI Lenin, Plekhanov. ʻOiai ke kū nei nā manaʻo honua o Scriabin lāua ʻo Plekhanov ma nā pou like ʻole, mahalo nui ka mea hope i ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele. Haʻalele iā Rūsia no kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻimi ʻo Scriabin e hoʻokuʻu i ka manawa hou aku no ka ulu ʻana, e pakele ai mai ke kūlana Moscow (ma 1898-1903, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Conservatory Moscow). ʻO nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo o kēia mau makahiki i pili pū me nā loli i kona ola pilikino (e waiho ana i kāna wahine ʻo V. Isakovich, he mea hoʻokani piano maikaʻi loa a hoʻolaha i kāna mele, a me ka launa pū me T. Schlozer, ka mea i hoʻokani i kahi mamao loa mai ka hana ʻole i ke ola o Scriabin) . Noho nui ma Switzerland, hele pinepine ʻo Scriabin me nā ʻahamele i Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Liege, a me ʻAmelika. He lanakila nui na hana.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mea pena kiʻi maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka lewa kaiapili ma Rūsia. ʻO ka Symphony ʻEkolu ("The Divine Poem", 1904), "The Poem of Ecstasy" (1907), ʻo ka ʻehā a me ka ʻelima ʻo Sonatas i lilo i mau kiʻekiʻe hana ʻoiaʻiʻo; ua haku pū ʻo ia i nā etudes, 5 mau mele no ka pianoforte (ma waena o lākou "Tragic" a me "Satanic"), etc. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau mele e pili kokoke ana i ka "Divine Poem" ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā kiʻi. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana 3 o ka symphony ("Struggle", "Pleasures", "God's Game") mahalo i ke kumu alakaʻi o ka hōʻoia ʻana iā ia iho mai ka hoʻomaka. E like me ka papahana, haʻi ka symphony e pili ana i ka "hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻuhane kanaka", ma o ka kānalua a me ka hakakā ʻana, e lanakila ana i ka "hauʻoli o ke ao kino" a me ka "pantheism", hiki mai i "kekahi ʻano hana manuahi - a pāʻani akua”. ʻO ka hahai mau ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina o ka leitmotivity a me ka monothematism, ka hōʻike improvisational-fluid, me he mea lā, holoi i nā palena o ka pōʻai symphonic, e hoʻokokoke ana i kahi mele nui hoʻokahi hapa. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo harmonic ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā harmonies leo ʻiʻo. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka haku mele ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā pūʻulu o ka makani a me nā mea kani. Me kēia, kū hoʻokahi nā mea kani hoʻokahi e pili ana i kahi kiʻi mele. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei i nā kuʻuna o ka hope Romantic symphonism (F. Liszt, R. Wagner), a me P. Tchaikovsky, ua hana ʻo Scriabin i ka manawa like i kahi hana i hoʻokumu iā ia ma ka moʻomeheu Russian a me ka honua symphonic ma ke ʻano he haku mele hou.

ʻO ka "Poem of Ecstasy" kahi hana o ka wiwo ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi papahana moʻokalaleo, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pauku a like me ka manaʻo o ka Third Symphony. Ma ke ʻano he himeni i ka makemake lanakila o ke kanaka, kani nā huaʻōlelo hope o ka kikokikona:

A kani ke ao holoʻokoʻa Uē hauʻoli wau!

ʻO ka nui i loko o ka mele mele hoʻokahi o nā kumuhana-hōʻailona - laconic expressive motifs, ko lākou ulu ʻana (he wahi koʻikoʻi ma ʻaneʻi no nā mea polyphonic), a ʻo ka hope, ʻo ka orchestration waihoʻoluʻu me nā culminations nani a me ka hauʻoli e hōʻike i kēlā ʻano o ka noʻonoʻo, a Scriabin. kahea ecstasy. Hoʻokani ʻia kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi e kahi ʻōlelo harmonic waiwai a me ka waihoʻoluʻu, kahi i manaʻo nui ai nā harmonic paʻakikī a paʻakikī.

Me ka hoʻi ʻana o Scriabin i kona ʻāina hānau i Ianuali 1909, hoʻomaka ka manawa hope o kona ola a me kāna hana. Hoʻokumu ka mea haku mele i kona manaʻo nui i hoʻokahi pahuhopu - ka hana ʻana i kahi hana nui i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻololi i ka honua, e hoʻololi i ke kanaka. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o kahi hana synthetic - ka poem "Prometheus" me ke komo ʻana o kahi orchestra nui, kahi mele, kahi ʻāpana o ka piano, kahi okana, a me nā hopena kukui (ua kākau ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka mālamalama i ka helu. ). Ma St. Petersburg, ua hana mua ʻia ʻo "Prometheus" ma Malaki 9, 1911 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a S. Koussevitzky me ke komo ʻana o Scriabin iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he pianist. ʻO Prometheus (a i ʻole ka Poem of Fire, e like me kāna mea kākau i kapa ʻia ai) ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka moʻolelo Helene kahiko o ka titan Prometheus. ʻO ke kumuhana o ka hakakā a me ka lanakila ʻana o ke kanaka ma luna o nā mana o ka ʻino a me ka pōʻeleʻele, e hoʻi ana i mua o ka ʻālohilohi o ke ahi, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Scriabin. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia e hōʻano hou i kāna ʻōlelo harmonic, e haʻalele ana i ka ʻōnaehana tonal kuʻuna. Nui nā kumuhana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka symphonic ikaika. "ʻO Prometheus ka ikaika ikaika o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ke kumu hoʻomohala, he ahi, māmā, ola, hakakā, hoʻoikaika, manaʻo," wahi a Scriabin e pili ana i kāna Poem of Fire. I ka manawa like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka haku ʻana iā Prometheus, nā Sonata ʻeono-ʻumi, ua haku ʻia ka mele "To the Flame", etc., no ka piano. ʻO ka hana a ka haku mele, ikaika i nā makahiki a pau, nā hana ʻaha mele mau a me nā huakaʻi e pili ana me lākou (pinepine no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ʻohana) i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona olakino palupalu.

Ua make koke ʻo Scriabin mai ka make ʻana o ke koko. ʻO ka lono o kona make mua ʻana i ka wā mua o ke ola ua hoʻopūʻiwa nā kānaka a pau. Ua ʻike ʻo Moscow a pau iā ia i kāna huakaʻi hope loa, ua nui nā haumāna ʻōpio. "ʻO Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin," i kākau ai ʻo Plekhanov, "he keiki ia o kona manawa. … ʻO ka hana a Scriabin kona manawa, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā leo. Akā i ka wā pōkole, ʻike ka transient i kāna hōʻike i ka hana a kahi mea pena kiʻi nui, loaʻa iā ia paʻa ' manaʻo a ua hana ʻia kūʻokoʻa".

T. Ershova

• Scriabin – kiʻi moʻokalaleo →
• Nā memo o nā hana a Scriabin no ka piano →

ʻO nā hana nui a Scriabin

Symphonic

Piano Concerto in F sharp minor, Op. 20 (1896-1897). "Dreams", ma E minor, Op. 24 (1898). First Symphony, ma E major, Op. 26 (1899-1900). ʻElua Symphony, ma C minor, Op. 29 (1901). ʻEkolu Symphony (Divine Poem), ma C minor, Op. 43 (1902-1904). Poem of Ecstasy, C major, Op. 54 (1904-1907). Prometheus (Poem of Fire), Op. 60 (1909-1910).

kuka

10 sonata: Helu 1 ma F minor, Op. 6 (1893); No. 2 (sonata-fantasy), ma G-sharp minor, Op. 19 (1892-1897); Helu 3 in F sharp minor, Op. 23 (1897-1898); Helu 4, F koi nui, Op. 30 (1903); Helu 5, Op. 53 (1907); Helu 6, Op. 62 (1911-1912); Helu 7, Op. 64 (1911-1912); Helu 8, Op. 66 (1912-1913); Helu 9, Op. 68 (1911-1913): No. 10, Op. 70 (1913).

91 mua: op. 2 Helu 2 (1889), Op. 9 No. 1 (no ka lima hema, 1894), 24 Preludes, Op. 11 (1888-1896), 6 preludes, Op. 13 (1895), 5 preludes, Op. 15 (1895-1896), 5 preludes, Op. 16 (1894-1895), 7 preludes, Op. 17 (1895-1896), Prelude in F-sharp Major (1896), 4 Preludes, Op. 22 (1897-1898), 2 preludes, Op. 27 (1900), 4 preludes, Op. 31 (1903), 4 preludes, Op. 33 (1903), 3 preludes, Op. 35 (1903), 4 preludes, Op. 37 (1903), 4 preludes, Op. 39 (1903), prelude, Op. 45 Helu 3 (1905), 4 preludes, Op. 48 (1905), prelude, Op. 49 No. 2 (1905), prelude, Op. 51 No. 2 (1906), prelude, Op. 56 No. 1 (1908), prelude, Op. 59′ No. 2 (1910), 2 preludes, Op. 67 (1912-1913), 5 preludes, Op. 74 (1914).

Nā noi 26: haʻawina, op. 2 No. 1 (1887), 12 haʻawina, Op. 8 (1894-1895), 8 mau haʻawina, Op. 42 (1903), study, Op. 49 No. 1 (1905), study, Op. 56 No. 4 (1908), 3 haʻawina, Op. 65 (1912).

21 mazurka: 10 Mazurkas, Op. 3 (1888-1890), 9 mazurkas, Op. 25 (1899), 2 mazurkas, Op. 40 (1903).

20 mau mele: 2 poem, Op. 32 (1903), Poem Poʻomanaʻo, Op. 34 (1903), The Satanic Poem, Op. 36 (1903), Poem, Op. 41 (1903), 2 poems, Op. 44 (1904-1905), Poem Puʻuwai, Op. 45 No. 2 (1905), "Poem Hoʻoikaika", Op. 51 No. 3 (1906), Poem, Op. 52 No. 1 (1907), "The Longing Poem", Op. 52 No. 3 (1905), Poem, Op. 59 No. 1 (1910), Nocturne Poem, Op. 61 (1911-1912), 2 mau mele: "Mask", "Strangeness", Op. 63 (1912); 2 poems, op. 69 (1913), 2 poem, Op. 71 (1914); poem “To the Flame”, op. 72 (1914).

11 hikiwawe: impromptu ma ke ano o ka mazurki, soch. 2 No. 3 (1889), 2 impromptu in mazurki form, op. 7 (1891), 2 impromptu, op. 10 (1894), 2 impromptu, op. 12 (1895), 2 impromptu, op. 14 (1895).

3 ahiahi: 2 ahiahi, Op. 5 (1890), nocturne, Op. 9 No. 2 no ka lima hema (1894).

3 hula: “Hulahula o ka Iini”, op. 51 No. 4 (1906), 2 hula: "Garlands", "Gloomy Flames", Op. 73 (1914).

2 waltzes: op. 1 (1885-1886), op. 38 (1903). "Like a Waltz" ("Quasi valse"), Op. 47 (1905).

2 Laulā album: op. 45 Helu 1 (1905), Op. 58 (1910)

"Allegro Appassionato", Op. 4 (1887-1894). Concert Allegro, Op. 18 (1895-1896). Fantasy, op. 28 (1900-1901). Polonaise, Op. 21 (1897-1898). Scherzo, op. 46 (1905). "Nā moeʻuhane", op. 49 Helu 3 (1905). "Fragility", op. 51 Helu 1 (1906). "Pohihihi", op. 52 Helu 2 (1907). "Irony", "Nuances", Op. 56 Helu 2 a me 3 (1908). "makemake", "Weasel i ka hula" - 2 mau ʻāpana, Op. 57 (1908).