Mele a me ke kala: e pili ana i ke ano o ka lohe kala

ʻOiai ma India kahiko, ua ulu nā manaʻo kūikawā e pili ana i ka pilina pili ma waena o ke mele a me ke kala. ʻO ka mea nui, manaʻo ka poʻe Hindu i kēlā me kēia kanaka kona mele a me kona kala. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Aristotle maikaʻi i kāna ʻatikala "On the Soul" ʻo ka pilina o nā kala e like me nā mele mele.

Ua makemake ka poʻe Pythagoreans i ke keʻokeʻo e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu nui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo nā kala o ka spectrum i ko lākou manaʻo ua pili i nā leo mele ʻehiku. ʻO nā kala a me nā leo i loko o ka cosmogony o nā Helene he mau mea hoʻoikaika ikaika.

I ke kenekulia 18, ua hoʻokumu ka mōneka ʻepekema ʻo L. Castel i ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi "harpsichord kala." ʻO ka paʻi ʻana i kahi kī e hōʻike i ka mea hoʻolohe i kahi ʻulaʻula o ka waihoʻoluʻu i loko o kahi puka aniani kūikawā ma luna o ka mea kani i ke ʻano o kahi lipine neʻe kala, nā hae, ʻālohilohi me nā kala like ʻole o nā pōhaku makamae, i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā lama a i ʻole nā ​​kukui e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena.

Ua nānā nā haku mele ʻo Rameau, Telemann a me Grétry i nā manaʻo o Castel. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻohewa nui ʻia ʻo ia e nā encyclopedists i manaʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike "ʻehiku leo ​​o ka unahi - ʻehiku kala o ka spectrum" ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka lohe "colored".

Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻike kala o ke mele e kekahi mau kiʻi mele koʻikoʻi. I ka haku mele Lūkia maikaʻi loa ʻo NA Rimsky-Korsakov, nā mea hoʻokani kaulana Soviet BV Asafiev, SS Skrebkov, AA Quesnel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike i nā kī āpau o nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi i pena ʻia i kekahi mau kala. He mea haku mele ʻAuseturia o ke kenekulia 20. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo A. Schoenberg i nā kala me nā pahu mele o nā mea kani o ka symphony orchestra. Ua ʻike kēlā me kēia haku koʻikoʻi i kā lākou kala ponoʻī i nā leo mele.

• Eia kekahi laʻana, no Rimsky-Korsakov he hue gula kona a hoʻoulu i ka hauʻoli a me ka māmā; no Asafiev ua pena ʻia i ke kala o ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo emerald ma hope o ka ua puna.
• Me he mea lā ʻeleʻele a mehana iā Rimsky-Korsakov, lemona melemele iā Quesnel, he ʻulaʻula ʻula iā Asafiev, a iā Skrebkov ua hoʻāla ia i nā hui me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo kala.

Akā, aia kekahi mau mea kupanaha.

• Ua wehewehe ʻia ke tonality he uliuli, ke kala o ka lani pō.
• Ua hoʻāla ʻo Rimsky-Korsakov i nā hui me ka melemele, ke kala aliʻi, no Asafiev ʻo ia nā kukuna lā, ke kukui wela nui, a no Skrebkov lāua ʻo Quesnel he melemele.

He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻokani pila a pau i kapa ʻia he pitch paʻa.

"Ka pena kala" me nā leo

Kāhea pinepine nā hana a NA Musicologists iā Rimsky-Korsakov "pena kani." Pili kēia wehewehe ʻana i nā kiʻi kupanaha o ke mele a ka haku mele. ʻO nā mele mele a Rimsky-Korsakov a me nā haku mele symphonic he waiwai i nā ʻāina mele. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā tonal no nā pena kiʻi kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino.

ʻIke ʻia i nā leo uliuli, ʻo E major a me E flat major, i nā opera "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "Sadko", "The Golden Cockerel", i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kiʻi o ke kai a me ka lani hōkū. Ua kākau ʻia ka Sunrise ma nā keaka hoʻokahi ma A major - ke kī o ka puna, ʻulaʻula.

Ma ka opera "The Snow Maiden" ke kaikamahine hau i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ke kahua ma ka "blue" E major, a me kona makuahine ʻo Vesna-Krasna - i ka "spring, pink" A major. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o nā manaʻo lyrical e haʻi ʻia e ka mea haku mele ma ka "mahana" D-flat major - ʻo ia hoʻi ke tonality o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka Snow Maiden, ka mea i loaʻa i ka makana nui o ke aloha.

ʻAʻole i haʻalele ka mea haku mele French impressionist C. Debussy i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i kāna ʻike o ke mele i ke kala. Akā, hoʻomaka kāna piano - "Terrace Visited by Moonlight", kahi e ʻālohilohi ai ke kani, "Girl with Flaxen Hair", i kākau ʻia me nā leo wai maʻalahi, e hōʻike ana he manaʻo maopopo ka mea haku e hoʻohui i ke kani, ka māmā a me ke kala.

C. Debussy “Kaikamahine me ka lauoho Flaxen”

ʻO ka hana symphonic a Debussy "Nocturnes" hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maopopo i kēia "leo kala-māmā". ʻO ka hapa mua, "Nā Ao," e hōʻike ana i nā ao hina hina hina e neʻe mālie ana a mae i kahi mamao. ʻO ka lua o ka pō o ka "Celebration" e hōʻike ana i ka pohā o ka mālamalama i ka lewa, kāna hula maikaʻi. I ke kolu o ka po, e lele ana na kaikamahine sirena kupua ma na ale o ke kai, e alohilohi ana i ka lewa o ka po, a mele i ko lakou mele hoohiwahiwa.

K. Debussy “Nocturnes”

E kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke mele a me ke kala, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopā i ka hana a ka AN Scriabin nani. No ka laʻana, ua ʻike maopopo ʻo ia i ke kala ʻulaʻula momona o F major, ke kala gula o D major, a me ka uliuli ʻulaʻula o F sharp major. ʻAʻole i hoʻopili ʻo Scriabin i nā tonali a pau me kekahi kala. Ua haku ka mea haku mele i ka ʻōnaehana kala leo (a ʻoi aku ma luna o ka pōʻai o nā hapalima a me ke kikoʻī kala). ʻO nā manaʻo o ka mea haku mele e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ke mele, ka māmā a me ke kala i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka symphonic poem "Prometheus".

Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei nā ʻepekema, nā mea hoʻokani a me nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia lā e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohui i ke kala a me ke mele. Aia nā haʻawina ʻaʻole i kūlike nā manawa o nā oscillations o ke kani a me nā nalu māmā a ʻo ka "leo kala" he mea wale nō ia o ka ʻike. Akā, he mau wehewehena ko ka poʻe mele: . A inā hui pū ʻia ke kani a me ke kala i ka ʻike makakū o ka mea haku mele, a laila hānau ʻia ka "Prometheus" nui a A. Scriabin a me nā ʻāina leo nani o I. Levitan a me N. Roerich. Ma Polenova…