Cantus firmus, cantus firmus
lat., lit. – ikaika, a paʻa paha, oli, ikaika, hoʻololi ʻole; ital. canto fermo
I nā kenekulia 15-16. ke kumuhana o kahi hana mele nui. (ʻo kekahi mau hapa wale nō o ia mea), ʻaiʻē ʻia e ka mea haku mele mai nā mele e noho nei (secular, spiritual) a i haku ʻia e ia a lilo i kumu no nā muses. palapala. Mamua C. f. ʻO ke ʻano he cantus planus (ʻo ia hoʻi ke hīmeni ʻana), e like me ka ʻōlelo a Tinktoris, aia nā memo o ka lōʻihi ʻole (ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui) a me ke ʻano o ke oli Gregorian (e ʻike i ke mele Gregorian). Ua kākau ʻia ʻo C. f., e like me ka cantus planus, i nā memo o ka lōʻihi loa a ua kau ʻia ma kahi tenor (no laila ka inoa o kēia leo: mai Latin tenere - paʻa wau, huki wau).
ʻO C. f. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i ka maʻiʻo intonational o ka huahana, ʻoiai ʻo ke koena o kāna mau leo i kūkulu ʻia ma ka melodic. hou C. f. i ka leo manuahi. hoʻololi. ʻO kēia mau huaʻōlelo mai C. f. a me kona mau ʻāpana, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā subthemes i nā leo ʻē aʻe, i mea e hui ai ka haku mele me kahi pilina puʻupuʻu like ʻole me C. f. Ma nā pōʻai nui, eg. ma ka lehulehu, me ka paa mau ana o S. f. i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia kona mau ʻano like ʻole i ke kahe a me ka neʻe (J. Despres - ka Mass "Armed Man", nā ʻāpana o Gloria a me Credo). Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ricercar ma waena. Keneturi 16 C. f. hele mālie i loko o kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ke kumuhana i pālua, quadruple magnification (A. Gabrieli a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a, no laila, lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā mea i hoʻomākaukau i ka fugue. He wehewehe okoa no C. f. komo i loko. "mele tenor" (Tenorlied) o ke kenekulia 16, ma nā hoʻonohonoho mele o nā kenekulia 17-18. (S. Scheidt, D. Buxtehude, J. Pachelbel, JS Bach) - ua hui pū ʻia kona mele i loko o nā lōʻihi me nā leo contrapunctuating, i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka rhythmically a me ka intonationally. ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻana o kēia kuʻuna i ke kenekulia 19. ua hana ʻia ʻo Nar. nā mele a I. Brahms ("German Folk Songs", 1858). Ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi o ka loina kahiko o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā C. f. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka basso ostinato, i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i nā kenekulia 17-18.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Sokolov N., Hoʻohālike ma Cantus firmus. He alakaʻi no ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumu kūʻē koʻikoʻi. L., 1928; Aubry P., (Gastouy A.), Recherches sur les “Tenors” latins dans les motets du XIII siècle d'apris le manuscript de Montpellier, “La Tribune de Saint-Gervais”, XIII, 1907, ed. ed. – Aubry P., Recherches sur les “Tenors” français …, P., 1907; Sawyer FH, Ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka canto fermo e ke kula ʻo Netherlands o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmālima, Nā Pepa o ka American Musicological Society, v. LXIII, 1937; Meier B., Die Harmonik im cantus firmus-haltigen Satz des 15. Jahrhunderts, “AfMw”, Jahrg. IX, 1952, H. 1; Schmidt G., Zur Frage des Cantus firmus im 14. und hoomaka 15. Jahrhundert, “AfMw”, Jahrg. XV, 1958, no. 4; Finsher L., Zur Cantus firmus-Behandlung in der Psalm-Motette der Josquinzeit, in H. Albrecht in memoriam, Kassel, 1962, s. 55-62; Sparks EH, Cantus firmus i ka nuipa a me ka motet. 1420-1520, Berk. — Los Ang., 1963.
TF Müller
