Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze (Meliton Balanchivadze) |
Meliton Balanchivadze
Ua hauʻoli ʻo M. Balanchivadze - e kau i ka pōhaku mua i ke kahua o nā mele mele Georgian a laila e nānā haʻaheo i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kēia hale i loko o 50 mau makahiki. D. Arakishvili
Ua komo ʻo M. Balanchivadze i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu mele ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokumu o ke kula haku mele Georgian. He kanaka lehulehu ikaika, he mea hoʻolaha a me ka ikaika o nā mele mele Georgian, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Balanchivadze i kona ola holoʻokoʻa i ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻāina.
He leo maikaʻi ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a mai kona wā kamaliʻi mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni i nā hīmeni like ʻole, ma mua ma Kutaisi, a laila ma ka Tbilisi Theological Seminary, kahi i koho ʻia ai ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1877. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi ʻoihana ma ke kula ʻuhane. hoʻokomo i ka mea hoʻokani pila a i ka makahiki 1880 ua komo ʻo ia i ka hui mele o ka Tbilisi Opera House. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo Balanchivadze i nā moʻolelo mele Georgian, me ka manaʻo e hoʻolaha ʻia, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi mele ethnographic. Ua pili ka hana ma ka papa himeni me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mele poʻe, a me ke akamai o ka haku mele. I ka makahiki 1889, ua komoʻo Balanchivadze i ka Conservatory o St. Petersburg, kahi i lilo aiʻo N. Rimsky-Korsakov (composition), V. Samus (mele), Y. Ioganson (harmony) i mau kumu.
ʻO ke ola a me ke aʻo ʻana ma St. Petersburg i hana nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kiʻi hana o ka mea haku mele. ʻO nā papa me Rimsky-Korsakov, ka pilina me A. Lyadov a me N. Findeisen i kōkua i ka hoʻokumuʻana i kona kūlana hana pono'ī i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻokani mele Georgian. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o ka manaʻoʻiʻo o ka pono o kahi pilina kūlohelohe ma waena o nā mele moʻomeheu Georgian a me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i crystallized i ka hana mele ʻEulopa maʻamau. Ma St. Petersburg, hoʻomau ʻo Balanchivadze i ka hana ʻana i ka opera Darejan Insidious (ua hoʻokani ʻia kāna mau ʻāpana i ka makahiki 1897 ma Tbilisi). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka opera ma ka poem "Tamara the Insidious" na ka moʻolelo kahiko o Georgian A. Tsereteli. Ua lohi ka haku mele ʻana, a ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke kukui o ka ramp ma 1926 wale nō ma ka Georgian Opera and Ballet Theatre. ʻO ke ʻano o "Darejan insidious" ʻo ia ka hānau ʻana o ka opera aupuni Georgian.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli ʻOkakopa, noho ʻo Balanchivadze a hana i Georgia. Maʻaneʻi, ua hoʻokomo pihaʻia kona mau mana ma keʻano he mea hoʻonohonoho i ke ola mele, he kanaka lehulehu a he kumu. I ka makahiki 1918 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke kula mele ma Kutaisi, a mai ka makahiki 1921 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke keʻena mele o ka People's Commissariat of Education of Georgia. He mau kumuhana hou i loko o ka hana a ka mea haku mele: ka hoʻonohonoho mele o nā mele kipi, ka cantata "Glory to ZAGES". No nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka palapala a me ke kiʻi o Georgia ma Moscow (1936) ua hana ʻia kahi paʻi hou o ka opera Darejan the Insidious. ʻO nā hana liʻiliʻi a Balanchivadze he hopena nui i ka hanauna hou o nā haku mele Georgian. ʻO nā mele alakaʻi o kāna mele he opera a me nā mele. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o nā mele mele a ka mea haku mele e ʻike ʻia e ka plasticity o ke mele, kahi e hiki ai i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka hui like ʻana o nā leo o nā mele Georgian i kēlā me kēia lā a me ke aloha kahiko o Rūsia ("Ke nānā aku au iā ʻoe", "makemake wau. no ʻoe a mau loa aku", "Mai minamina iaʻu", kahi duet kaulana " Spring, etc.).
Noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā ma ka hana a Balanchivadze e ka lyric-epic opera Darejan the Insidious, kahi i ʻike ʻia e kāna mele melemele, ke kumu o ka recitatives, ka waiwai o nā melos, a me nā ʻike harmonic hoihoi. ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ka mea haku mele i nā mele ʻoiaʻiʻo o Georgian, akā i kāna mau mele e hilinaʻi nei i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻolelo Georgian; Hāʻawi kēia i ka opera hou a me ke kumu o nā kala mele. Hāʻawi ka hana ʻoihana i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia i ka pono kūlohelohe o ka hana, ʻaʻole i nalowale kona koʻikoʻi a hiki i kēia lā.
L. Rapatskaya
