Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

ʻO ka hana a A. Balanchivadze, kahi haku mele koʻikoʻi o Georgia, ua lilo ia i ʻaoʻao mālamalama i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele aupuni. Me kona inoa, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā mele ʻoihana Georgian no ka manawa mua. Pili kēia i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka ballet, piano concerto, "i kāna hana, ʻo Georgian symphonic noʻonoʻo no ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano kūpono, me ka maʻalahi maʻamau" (O. Taktakishvili). Ua lawe mai ʻo A. Balanchivadze i kahi huila holoʻokoʻa o nā mea haku mele o ka repubalika, ma waena o kāna mau haumāna R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Balanchivadze ma St. Petersburg. “ʻO koʻu makuakāne, ʻo Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, he mea hoʻokani pila ʻoihana… Ua hoʻomaka wau i ka haku mele i ka makahiki ʻewalu. Eia naʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lawe nui ʻo ia i ke mele ma 1918, ma hope o kona neʻe ʻana i Georgia. I ka makahiki 1918, ua komo ʻo Balanchivadze i ke kula ʻo Kutaisi Musical, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kona makuakāne. I ka makahiki 1921-26. nā haʻawina ma ka Tiflis Conservatory ma ka papa o ka haku mele me N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, e ho'āʻo i kona lima ma ke kākauʻana i nā mea kani liʻiliʻi. I nā makahiki like, ua hana ʻo Balanchivadze ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā mele no nā hana o ka Proletcult Theatre o Georgia, ka Satire Theatre, ka Tbilisi Workers' Theatre, etc.

I ka makahiki 1927, ma ke ʻano he hui o nā mea hoʻokani pila, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Balanchivadze e ka People's Commissariat of Education of Georgia e aʻo ma ka Leningrad Conservatory, kahi āna i aʻo ai a hiki i 1931. Eia ʻo A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina i lilo i mau kumu. . Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka Leningrad Conservatory, ua ho'i 'o Balanchivadze i Tbilisi, kahi i kono 'ia mai e Kote Marjanishvili e hana i ka hale keaka ana i kuhikuhi ai. I loko o kēia manawa, ua kākau pū ʻo Balanchivadze i nā mele no nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kani Georgian mua.

Ua komo ʻo Balanchivadze i ke kiʻi Soviet ma ka huli ʻana o nā makahiki 20 a me 30. hui pū me kahi huila holoʻokoʻa o nā mea haku mele Georgian, ma waena o lākou ʻo Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. ʻO Azmaiparashvili. He hanauna hou ia o nā haku mele aupuni i ʻohi a hoʻomau ma ko lākou ala ponoʻī i nā mea i hoʻokō ʻia e nā haku mele kahiko loa - nā mea hoʻokumu i nā mele ʻoihana aupuni: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou mau mua, ka mea i hana nui ma ke kahua o ka opera, choral a me chamber-vocal music, ua huli ka hanauna ʻōpio o nā haku mele Georgian i nā mele instrumental, a ua ulu nā mele Georgian i kēia kuhikuhi i nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki.

I ka makahiki 1936, ua kākau ʻo Balanchivadze i kāna hana koʻikoʻi mua loa - ʻo ka First Piano Concerto, ka mea i lilo i kumu hoʻohālike mua o kēia ʻano i ka hana mele ʻāina. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumuhana ʻālohilohi o ka ʻaha mele me ka moʻolelo kuʻuna ʻāina: hoʻokomo ʻia nā leo o nā mele hele wāwae koʻikoʻi, nā mele hula nani, a me nā mele mele. I loko o kēia haku mele, ua ʻike mua ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona he nui o ke ʻano o Balanchivadze i ka wā e hiki mai ana: ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka pilina pili ʻana o nā kumuhana heroic me nā melodies folk, ka virtuosity o ka ʻāpana piano, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka piano o F. Liszt. ʻO nā ʻano hiʻona koa i loaʻa i kēia hana, e hoʻokomo ka mea haku mele i kahi ala hou i ka Second Piano Concerto (1946).

ʻO kahi hanana nui i ke ola mele o ka repubalika, ʻo ia ka lyric-heroic ballet "The Heart of the Mountains" (1st edition 1936, 2nd edition 1938). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo i ke aloha o ka mea hahai holoholona ʻo Dzhardzhi no ke kaikamahine a ke Aliʻi Manizhe a me nā hanana o ka hakakā ʻana o ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka hoʻokaumaha feudal i ka makahiki 1959. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona aloha lyrical-romantic, piha i nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha a me nā mele, me ka poʻe, nā ʻano-domestic episodes. ʻO ke kumu o ka hula folk, i hui pū ʻia me ka choreography maʻamau, ua lilo ke kumu o ka dramaturgy a me ka ʻōlelo mele o ka ballet. Hoʻohana ʻo Balanchivadze i ka hula poepoe perkhuli, sachidao ikaika (he hula i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hakakā ʻana o ka lāhui), mitant mtiuluri, cheeruli tseruli, heroic horumi, etc. Ua mahalo nui ʻo Shostakovich i ka ballet: “… hanohano a hanohano, he nui nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi e hele mai ana mai nā mele koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hana hope loa a ka mea haku mele ma mua o ke kaua, ʻo ia ka lyric-comic opera Mziya, i hana ʻia ma XNUMX. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma kahi ʻāpana mai ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o kahi kauhale socialist ma Georgia.

I ka makahiki 1944, ua kākau ʻo Balanchivadze i kāna symphony mua a mua i ka mele Georgian, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā hanana o kēia wā. “Ua kākau au i kaʻu mele mele mua i nā makahiki weliweli o ke kaua… I ka makahiki 1943, i ka wā o ka pahū ʻana, ua make koʻu kaikuahine. Ua makemake au e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻike he nui i kēia symphony: ʻaʻole wale ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha no ka poʻe i make, akā ʻo ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka lanakila, ka wiwo ʻole, ka heroism o ko mākou poʻe.

I nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua, me ka choreographer L. Lavrovsky, ua hana ka mea haku mele ma ka ballet Ruby Stars, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i lilo i ʻāpana o ka ballet Pages of Life (1961).

ʻO kahi mea nui i ka hana a Balanchivadze ʻo ia ka Concerto ʻekolu no Piano a me String Orchestra (1952), i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka ʻōpio. ʻO ke ʻano o ka haku mele ʻana, ua piha i nā leo mele ma ke ʻano o nā mele paionia. "Ma ka ʻEkolu Concerto no ka Piano a me String Orchestra, ʻo Balanchivadze he keiki naʻaupō, hauʻoli, ʻoliʻoli," wahi a N. Mamisashvili. Ua hoʻokomoʻia kēia'ahamele i loko o ka repertoire o nā piano piano kaulana kaulana - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. ʻO ka ʻEhā Piano Concerto (1968) he 6 mau ʻāpana, kahi e ʻimi ai ka mea haku mele e hopu i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi like ʻole o Georgia - ko lākou ʻano, moʻomeheu, ola: 1 hola - "Jvari" (ka luakini kaulana o ke kenekulia 2 ma Kartli), 3 hola - "Tetnuld" (mauna kiʻekiʻe ma Svaneti), 4 mau hola - "Salamuri" (ʻano ohe ʻāina), 5 hola - "Dila" (Kakahiaka, hoʻohana ʻia nā leo mele Gurian ma ʻaneʻi), 6 mau hola. - "Rion Forest" (kahakiʻi i ke ʻano kiʻi o Imeretin), 2 mau hola - "Tskhratskaro" (ʻEiwa kumu). I ka mana kumu, ua loaʻa i ka pōʻaiapuni he XNUMX mau ʻāpana - "Vine" a me "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

ʻO ka ʻehā piano concerto i hoʻomaka mua ʻia e ka ballet Mtsyri (1964, ma muli o kahi mele a M. Lermontov). I loko o kēia ballet-poem, nona ka hanu symphonic maoli, ʻo ka manaʻo a pau o ka mea haku mele e kau ʻia i ke kiʻi o ka protagonist, e hāʻawi ana i ka haku i nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi monodrama. ʻO ia me ke kiʻi o Mtsyra e pili pū ana nā leitmotifs 3, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka dramaturgy mele o ka haku mele. "ʻO ka manaʻo e kākau i kahi ballet e pili ana i ka manaʻo o Lermontov i hānau ʻia e Balanchivadze i kahi manawa lōʻihi," i kākau ai ʻo A. Shaverzashvili. “Ma mua, ua noho ʻo ia ma Demon. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia papahana. ʻO ka hope, ua hāʻule ka koho ma "Mtsyri" ... "

“Ua maʻalahi ka huli ʻana o Balanchivadze ma ka hōʻea ʻana mai i ka Soviet Union o kona kaikaina ʻo George Balanchine, nona ka nui a me ka ʻano hana choreographic hou i wehe i nā mea hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ballet ... huli ana. Ua hoʻoholo kēia i ka hopena o kāna ballet hou. "

70-80s i hōʻailona ʻia e ka hana hoʻomohala kūikawā o Balanchivadze. Ua hana ʻo ia i ke kolu (1978), ʻehā ("Forest", 1980) a me Fifth ("Youth", 1989) symphonies; leo-symphonic poem "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Fifth Concerto (ʻelua 1979) a me Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) a me nā haku mele ʻē aʻe.

"ʻO Andrey Balanchivadze kekahi o nā mea hana i waiho i kahi hōʻailona hikiʻole ke hoʻomohala i ka moʻomeheu mele aupuni. …I ka holo ʻana o ka manawa, wehe ʻia nā ʻike hou i mua o kēlā me kēia mea pena, ua loli nā mea he nui i ke ola. Akā, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka mahalo nui, ka mahalo ʻoiaʻiʻo iā Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, he kamaʻāina kumu a me ka mea hana nui, e mau ana me mākou a mau loa" (O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko