Mōʻaukala o ka ʻohe

ʻO nā mea kani i hoʻoluliluli ʻia ka ea ma muli o ka puhi ʻia ʻana o ka ea i loko, ua haki ʻia ma nā kihi o ka paia o ke kino, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mea kani makani. Hoʻopuka hōʻike i kekahi o nā ʻano mea kani makani. Ma waho, ua like ka mea hana me kahi paipu cylindrical me kahi kaila lahilahi a i ʻole ka lua ea i loko. I ka wā o nā millennia i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia mea hana kupanaha i nā loli evolutionary ma mua o kona ʻike ʻia ʻana i mua o mākou i kona ʻano maʻamau. I loko o ka hui kahiko, ʻo ka mea mua o ka ʻohe he puʻupuʻu, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hana hoʻomana, i nā hoʻouka kaua, ma nā pā pā. He leʻaleʻa punahele o ka wā kamaliʻi ka puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka mea hana i ka pīkī he lāʻau, pālolo, iwi. He paipu maʻalahi me ka puka. I ko lākou puhi ʻana i loko, ua paʻa nā leo kiʻekiʻe mai laila mai.

I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hana i nā lua manamana lima i nā kī. Me ke kōkua ʻana o kahi mea kani like, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka puʻu kani, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka e unuhi i nā leo like ʻole a me nā mele. Ma hope, ua lōʻihi ka paipu, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā lua i ʻoki ʻia, i hiki ai ke hoʻololi i nā mele i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻohe. Manaʻo ka poʻe kālaihonua ʻo kēia mea hana kahiko ma kahi o 40 millennia BC. Ma ʻEulopa kahiko a ma waena o nā kānaka o Tibet, he mau pū puhi puhi ʻelua a ʻekolu, a ʻo ka poʻe Inia, nā kamaʻāina o Indonesia a me Kina, he mau pū puhi kakaka hoʻokahi a ʻelua. Ma ʻaneʻi i unuhi ʻia ai ke kani ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka ihu. Aia nā palapala mōʻaukala e hōʻike ana i ke ola ʻana o kahi ʻohe ma ʻAigupita kahiko ma kahi o ʻelima kaukani makahiki aku nei. Ma nā palapala kahiko, ua ʻike ʻia nā kaha kiʻi o ka ʻohe longitudinal me nā lua ma ke kino no nā manamana lima. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka transverse flute i noho ma Kina kahiko ma mua o ʻekolu kaukani makahiki aku nei, ma India a me Iapana - ma kahi o ʻelua kaukani makahiki aku nei.

Ma ʻEulopa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻohe lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā haku Farani i ka ʻohe transverse i hele mai mai ka Hikina mai, e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻike a me ka naʻau. Ma muli o ka hana hou ʻana i hana ʻia, ua kani ka ʻohe transverse i nā orkestra a pau i ke kenekulia 18, e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka ʻohe longitudinal mai laila. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia ka flute transverse, ua hāʻawi ka mea hoʻokani pila kaulana, mea hoʻokani a me ka haku mele ʻo Theobald Boehm i kahi ʻano hou. No nā makahiki he 15 lōʻihi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka mea kani, e hoʻolauna ana i nā mea hou e pono ai. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ke kālā i mea no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻohe, ʻoiai ua maʻa mau nā mea kani lāʻau. I ke kenekulia 19, ua kaulana loa nā ʻohe i hana ʻia me ka niho ʻelepani, aia kekahi mau mea kani i hana ʻia me ke aniani. He 4 ano o ka ohe: nui (soprano), liilii (piccolo), bass, alto. I kēia lā, mahalo i ka hoʻokani virtuoso o nā mea hoʻokani mele Romanian, ua kaulana loa ke ʻano o ka ʻōheʻe transverse e like me ka pan flute ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mea hana he pūʻulu o nā paipu hollow o nā lōʻihi like ʻole, i hana ʻia me nā mea like ʻole. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mea kani he ʻano mele koʻikoʻi o ke akua Helene kahiko ʻo Pan. I ka wā kahiko, kapa ʻia ka mea kani he syringa. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻohe pan e like me Russian kugikls, Indian sampona, Georgian larchami, etc. I ke kenekulia 19, ʻo ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka ʻohe he hōʻailona ia o ka leo maikaʻi a he mea pono ʻole o ke kaiāulu kiʻekiʻe.