Pablo Casals |
Pablo Casals
He mea hoʻokani pila Spanish, alakaʻi, haku mele, mele a me ka lehulehu. Keiki a ka mea hookani okana. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka cello me X. Garcia ma ka Conservatory o Barcelona a me T. Breton a me X. Monasterio ma ka Conservatory Madrid (mai 1891). Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele i ka makahiki 1890 ma Barcelona, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo ia ma ka conservatory. I ka makahiki 1899, ua ho'omaka 'o ia ma Paris. Mai ka makahiki 1901, ua kaahele ʻo ia i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua. Ma 1905-13, hana ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Rūsia ma ke ʻano he soloist a ma kahi hui pū me SV Rakhmaninov, AI Ziloti, a me AB Goldenweiser.
Nui nā haku mele i hoʻolaʻa i kā lākou mau hana no Casals, me AK Glazunov - he mele mele, MP Gnesin - he sonata-ballad, AA Kerin - he mele. A hiki i ka wā ʻelemakule, ʻaʻole i hoʻōki ʻo Casals i ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he soloist, conductor, a me ensemble player (mai ka makahiki 1905 he lālā ʻo ia o ka trio kaulana: A. Cortot - J. Thibaut - Casals).
ʻO Casals kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana loa o ke kenekulia 20. I loko o ka mōʻaukala o cello art, kona inoa e hōʻailona i kahi au hou e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana kiʻi, ka hōʻike ākea o ka waiwai expressive hiki o ka cello, a me ka ennoblement o kāna repertoire. Ua ʻike ʻia kāna pāʻani ma muli o ka hohonu a me ka waiwai, kahi manaʻo i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia o ke ʻano, ka ʻōlelo noʻeau, a me ka hui pū ʻana o ka naʻau a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka leo kūlohelohe nani a me ka ʻenehana kūpono i lawelawe ʻia no kahi hiʻohiʻona nani a ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻike mele.
Ua kaulana loa ʻo Casals no kāna wehewehe hohonu a maikaʻi loa i nā hana a JS Bach, a me ka hoʻokani mele a L. Beethoven, R. Schumann, J. Brahms a me A. Dvorak. ʻO ke kiʻi o Casals a me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kiʻi holomua he hopena nui i ka moʻomeheu mele a me ka moʻomeheu hana o ke kenekulia 20.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana aʻo: ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Conservatory o Barcelona (i waena o kāna mau haumāna - G. Casado), ma ka Ecole Normal ma Paris, ma hope o 1945 - ma nā papa mastery ma Switzerland, Farani, USA, etc.
ʻO Casals kahi mele mele a me ka lehulehu: ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i ka symphony orchestra mua ma Barcelona (1920), kahi āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi (a hiki i 1936), ka Working Musical Society (alakaʻi iā ia ma 1924-36), kahi kula mele, he makasini mele a me nā ʻaha mele Sābati no nā limahana, i kōkua i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele o Catalonia.
Ua pau kēia mau hana hoʻonaʻauao ma hope o ke kipi fascist ma Sepania (1936). He patriot a anti-fascist, ua kōkua ikaika ʻo Casals i nā Repubalika i ke kaua. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Repubalika Sepania (1939) ua neʻe ʻo ia a noho ma ka hema o Farani, ma Prades. Mai 1956 ua noho ʻo ia ma San Juan (Puerto Rico), kahi āna i hoʻokumu ai i kahi symphony orchestra (1959) a me kahi conservatory (1960).
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Casals i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻahaʻaina ma Prada (1950-66; ma waena o nā mea haʻiʻōlelo ʻo DF Oistrakh a me nā mea mele Soviet ʻē aʻe) a me San Juan (mai 1957). Mai ka makahiki 1957 ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻokūkū i kapa ʻia ma hope o Casals (ka mea mua ma Paris) a me "no ka hanohano o Casals" (ma Budapest).
Ua hōʻike ʻo Casals iā ia iho he mea hakakā ikaika no ka maluhia. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o ka oratorio El pesebre (1943, 1st performance 1960), ka manaʻo nui o ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā huaʻōlelo hope: "Peace to all people of good will!" Ma ke noi a ka UN Secretary-General U Thant, ua kākau ʻo Casals i ka "Hymn to Peace" (3-part work), i hana ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ma kahi ʻaha mele ma UN ma 1971. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka UN Peace Medal. . Ua kākau pū ʻo ia i nā hana symphonic, choral a me chamber-instrumental, nā ʻāpana no cello solo a me cello ensemble. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka pāʻani, alakaʻi a aʻo a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Borisyak A., Essays on the school of Pablo Casals, M., 1929; Ginzburg L., Pablo Casals, M., 1958, 1966; Corredor JM, Kamailio me Pablo Casals. Komo. ʻatikala a me nā ʻōlelo a LS Ginzburg, trans. mai Palani, L., 1960.
LS Ginzburg
