Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov |
Yuri Temirkanov
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Dekemaba 10, 1938 ma Nalchik. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Temirkanov Khatu Sagidovich, ke poʻo o ke Keʻena ʻOihana o ka Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Republic, he mau hoaaloha me ka mea haku mele Sergei Prokofiev, nāna i hana i ka wā o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka makahiki 1941 ma Nalchik. ʻO kekahi hapa o ka hui o ka Moscow Art Theatre kaulana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Moskvin, Knipper-Chekhova, nāna i hoʻokani ma ke keaka kūlanakauhale. ʻO ke kaiapuni o kona makuakāne a me ka lewa keaka i lilo i paepae no ka mea hoʻokani pila e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana iā ia iho me ka moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā kumu mua o Yuri Temirkanov ʻo Valery Fedorovich Dashkov lāua ʻo Truvor Karlovich Sheybler. ʻO ka mea hope he haumāna ia na Glazunov, he haumāna puka o ka Petrograd Conservatory, he haku mele a me ka folklorist, ua hāʻawi nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi o Yuri. I ka pau ʻana o ke kula ʻo Temirkanov, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iā ia e hoʻomau i kāna mau haʻawina ma ke kūlanakauhale ma ka Neva. No laila ma Nalchik, ua koho mua ʻia ʻo Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov i ke ala i Leningrad, ke kūlanakauhale nāna i hoʻokumu iā ia he mea hoʻokani pila a he kanaka.
I ka makahiki 1953, ua komo 'o Yuri Temirkanov i ke kula mele kūikawā lua ma ka Leningrad Conservatory, ma ka papa violin o Mikhail Mikhailovich Belyakov.
Ma hope o ka ha'alele 'ana i ke kula, ua a'o 'o Temirkanov ma ka Leningrad Conservatory (1957-1962). Ke aʻo nei i ka papa viola, i alakaʻi ʻia e Grigory Isaevich Ginzburg, ua hele ʻo Yuri i nā papa alakaʻi o Ilya Aleksandrovich Musin a me Nikolai Semenovich Rabinovich. ʻO ka mea mua i hōʻike iā ia i ka ʻenehana paʻakikī o ka hana a ke alakaʻi, aʻo ka lua iā ia e mālama i ka ʻoihana o ke alakaʻi me ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻoikaika kēia iā Y.Temirkanov e hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana.
Mai ka makahiki 1962 a hiki i ka makahiki 1968, he haumāna hou 'o Temirkanov, a laila he haumāna puka 'o ke ke'ena alaka'i. Ma hope o kona puka 'ana i ka makahiki 1965 mai ka papa opera a me ka symphony conducting, ua ho'omaka 'o ia i kāna hana mua ma ka Leningrad Maly Opera and Ballet Theatre ma ka pā'ani "La Traviata" na G. Verdi. Ma waena o nā hana alakaʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i kēlā mau makahiki ʻo Donizetti's Love Potion (1968), Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1972).
I ka makahiki 1966, ua lanakila 'o Temirkanov 28 makahiki i ka makana mua ma ka II All-Union Conducting Competition ma Moscow. Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻokūkū, hele ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi ma ʻAmelika me K. Kondrashin, D. Oistrakh a me ka Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra.
Mai 1968 a i 1976 ʻO Yuri Temirkanov ke poʻo o ka Academic Symphony Orchestra o ka Leningrad Philharmonic. Mai ka makahiki 1976 a hiki i ka makahiki 1988, he alaka'i alaka'i 'o ia no ka Kirov ('o Mariinsky) Opera a me Ballet Theatre. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ua hoʻokumu ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā hana ʻāina e like me "War and Peace" na S. Prokofiev (1977), "Dead Souls" na R. Shchedrin (1978), "Peter I" (1975), "Pushkin" (1979) a me Mayakovsky Begins e A. Petrov (1983), Eugene Onegin (1982) a me The Queen of Spades na PI Tchaikovsky (1984), ʻo Boris Godunov na MP Mussorgsky (1986), i lilo i mau hanana nui i ke ola mele o ka ʻāina a hōʻailona ʻia. e nā makana kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo Leningrad wale nō ka poʻe aloha mele, akā no nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe he nui i moeʻuhane e hele i kēia mau hana!
ʻO ka luna hoʻokele kiʻi o ka Bolshoi Drama Theatre GA Tovstonogov, ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana iā "Eugene Onegin" ma Kirovsky, ʻōlelo ʻo ia iā Temirkanov: "Pehea ʻoe i ka hopena hope loa i pana ʻoe i ka hopena o Onegin ..." (Ma hope o nā huaʻōlelo "Auē, kuʻu pōʻino!")
Me ka hui kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hele pinepine ʻo Temirkanov i ka huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, no ka manawa mua ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hui kaulana - i ʻEnelani, a me Iapana a me ka USA. ʻO ia ka mea mua i hoʻokomo i nā ʻaha mele symphony me ka orchestra o ka Kirov Theatre i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ua lanakila 'o Y. Temirkanov ma na kahua opera kaulana.
I ka makahiki 1988, ua koho ʻia ʻo Yuri Temirkanov i alakaʻi alakaʻi nui a me ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Honored Collective of Russia - ka Academic Symphony Orchestra o ka St. Petersburg Philharmonic i kapa ʻia ma hope o DD Shostakovich. "Haʻaheo wau i ka lilo ʻana i alakaʻi koho. Inā ʻaʻole au e kuhihewa, ʻo ka mua kēia o ka moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele i hoʻoholo ai ka hui ponoʻī i ka mea nāna e alakaʻi. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua koho ʻia nā alakaʻi āpau "mai luna mai," wahi a Yuri Temirkanov e pili ana i kāna koho.
ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻokumu ai ʻo Temirkanov i kekahi o kāna mau kumu kumu: "ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolilo i nā mea mele i mea hoʻokō makapō i ka makemake o kekahi. ʻO ke komo wale ʻana, ʻo ka ʻike wale nō ke hana nei mākou i hoʻokahi mea maʻamau, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hopena i makemake ʻia. A ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e kali lōʻihi. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Yu.Kh. ʻO Temirkanov, ka mana a me ka kaulana o St. Petersburg Philharmonic i hoʻonui nui ʻia. I ka makahiki 1996, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hui ʻaha mele maikaʻi loa ma Rusia.
Ua hoʻokani ʻo Yuri Temirkanov me nā mele mele mele nui loa o ka honua: ʻo ka Philadelphia Orchestra, ka Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), Cleveland, Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Santa Cecilia, Philharmonic Orchestras: Berlin, Vienna, etc.
Mai ka makahiki 1979, ʻo Y. Temirkanov ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka Philadelphia a me London Royal Orchestras, a mai ka makahiki 1992 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hope. A laila ʻo Yuri Temirkanov ka Luna Hoʻokele Poʻokela o ka Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra (mai 1994), ka Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra (mai 1998). Ma hope o ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka makahiki iwakālua o kāna hui pū ʻana me ka London Royal Orchestra, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kūlana o kāna alakaʻi alakaʻi, e paʻa ana i ka inoa ʻo Honorary Conductor o kēia hui.
Ma hope o nā hanana pūʻali koa ma Afghanistan, ua lilo ʻo Y. Temirkanov i alakaʻi alakaʻi Lūkini mua e huakaʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke kono ʻana o ka New York Philharmonic, a ma 1996 ma Roma ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻaha mele Iubile no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka 50th anniversary o ka UN. I Ianuali 2000, ua lilo ʻo Yuri Temirkanov i Luna Hoʻokele a me Artistic Director o ka Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (USA).
ʻO Yuri Temirkanov kekahi o nā alakaʻi nui loa o ke kenekulia 60. Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka paepae o kāna lā hānau XNUMXth, aia ka maestro i ka zenith o ka kaulana, kaulana a me ka ʻike honua. Leʻaleʻa ʻo ia i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me kona ʻano ʻālohilohi, ka manaʻo ikaika, ka hohonu a me ka nui o nā manaʻo hana. "He alakaʻi kēia e hūnā i ka makemake ma lalo o kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole i manaʻo pinepine ʻia kāna mau hana, akā ua kāohi mau ʻia, a ʻo kāna ʻano o ke kālai ʻana, ka hoʻohua ʻana i ka nui kani me kona mau manamana lima mele e hana i kahi orkestra nui mai nā haneli o nā mea hoʻokani pila" ("Eslain Pirene"). "Piha i ka leʻaleʻa, hana ʻo Temirkanov me kahi orkestra i hui pū ʻia kona ola, kāna hana, a me kāna kiʻi ..." ("La Stampa").
ʻO ke ʻano hana hana a Temirkanov he kumu a ʻokoʻa ʻia e kona ʻano hoʻomālamalama. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano haku mele o nā wā like ʻole a me ka maʻalahi, e wehewehe i kā lākou mele. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kona akamai e ka ʻenehana alakaʻi virtuoso, ma muli o ka ʻike hohonu o ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau. ʻO ke kuleana o Yuri Temirkanov i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mele kahiko a me nā mele hou o Rūsia he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia ma Rūsia a ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
ʻO ka hiki o ka maestro ke hoʻokumu maʻalahi i ka pilina me kekahi hui mele a hoʻokō i ka hopena o nā hana paʻakikī loa.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Yuri Temirkanov i kahi helu nui o nā CD. I ka makahiki 1988, ua kau inoa ʻo ia i kahi ʻaelike kūʻokoʻa me ka lepili palapala BMG. Aia ka discography nui i nā leo me ka Academic Symphony Orchestra o ka Leningrad Philharmonic, me ka London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, me ka New York Philharmonic…
Ma 1990, me Columbia Artists, Temirkanov i hoʻopaʻa i kahi Gala Concert i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka 150th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o PI Tchaikovsky, kahi i komo ai nā soloists Yo-Yo Ma, I. Perlman, J. Norman.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mele a S. Prokofiev no ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Alexander Nevsky" (1996) a me D. Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 (1998) i koho ʻia no ka makana Sgatt.
Hāʻawi lokomaikaʻi ʻo Yuri Temirkanov i kāna mau akamai me nā alakaʻi ʻōpio. He polopeka ʻo ia ma ka Conservatory o St. Petersburg i kapa ʻia ma hope o NA Rimsky-Korsakov, he kumu hoʻohanohano ma nā kula ʻē aʻe he nui, me kahi lālā hanohano o ka US International Academy of Science, Industry, Education and Art. Hāʻawi mau ʻo ia i nā papa kumu ma ka Curtis Institute (Philadelphia), a me ke kula ʻo Manhattan School of Music (New York), ma ka Academia Chighana (Siena, Italia).
ʻO Yu.Kh. Temirkanov - People's Artist of the USSR (1981), People's Artist of the RSFSR (1976), People's Artist of the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR (1973), Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1971), ʻelua lanakila o ka USSR State Prizes (1976). , 1985), laureate o ka State Prize o ka RSFSR i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka (1971). Ua loaʻa iā ia nā kauoha a Lenin (1983), "No ka Merit to the Fatherland" III degere (1998), ka Bulgarian Order of Cyril and Methodius (1998).
Ma ke ʻano o kāna hana, pono ʻo Temirkanov e kamaʻilio me nā poʻe kupaianaha a nani loa, nā kiʻi kūloko a me nā haole o ka moʻomeheu a me nā kiʻi. Ua haʻaheo a haʻaheo ʻo ia i kona pilina me I. Menuhin, B. Pokrovsky, P. Kogan, A. Schnittke, G. Kremer, R. Nureyev, M. Plisetskaya, R. Shchedrin, I. Brodsky, V. Tretyakov, M ʻO Rostropovich, S. Ozawa a me nā mea mele a me nā mea pena.
Noho a hana ma St. Petersburg.
