Arthur Nikisch |

Arthur Nikisch

I ka makahiki 1866-1873 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka conservatory ma Vienna, nā papa o J. Hellmesberger Sr. (violin) a me FO Dessof (composition). I ka makahiki 1874-77 ka mea hookani pila o ka hale hoolele o ka hale hookolokolo o Vienna; ua komo i loko o nā hana a me nā ʻaha mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a I. Brahms, F. Liszt, J. Verdi, R. Wagner. Mai ka makahiki 1878, ʻo ia ka lua o ke alakaʻi a me ka haku mele, ma 1882-89 ʻo ia ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka hale opera ma Leipzig.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā orchestras nui loa ma ka honua - ʻo ka Boston Symphony (1889-1893), ka Leipzig Gewandhaus (1895-1922; hoʻololi iā ia i hoʻokahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa) a ma ka manawa like ʻo Berlin Philharmonic, kahi āna i huakaʻi nui ai. , e komo pinepine ana ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow (no ka manawa mua ma 1899). ʻO ia ke alakaʻi a me ka alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka hale opera ma Budapest (1893-95). Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra (1897). I ka makahiki 1902-07 ʻo ia ke poʻo o ke keʻena aʻo a me ka papa alakaʻi o ka Leipzig Conservatory. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ʻo KS Saradzhev lāua ʻo AB Hessin, ka mea i lilo i alakaʻi kaulana Soviet. I ka makahiki 1905-06, 'o ia ke alaka'i o ka hale opera ma Leipzig. Ua huakaʻi ʻo ia me nā mea hoʻokani pila he nui, me ka London Symphony (1912) ma Western Europe, ma ka ʻĀkau. a me Yuzh. ʻAmelika.

ʻO Nikish kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi nui loa o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, he mea pena kiʻi hohonu a hoʻoikaika ʻia, he ʻelele koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano aloha i ka hana hana. Kaohi ʻana i waho, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka plastik mālie, he ʻano maikaʻi loa ʻo Nikish, kahi mana kupaianaha e hopu i ka orkestra a me nā mea hoʻolohe. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā leo kani maikaʻi loa - mai ka pianonissimo maikaʻi loa a hiki i ka mana nui o fortissimo. ʻO kāna hana i hōʻike ʻia e ke kūʻokoʻa nui (tempo rubato) a ma ka manawa like ʻo ke koʻikoʻi, ka hanohano o ke ʻano, ka hoʻopau pono ʻana i nā kikoʻī. ʻO ia kekahi o nā haku mua i alakaʻi mai ka hoʻomanaʻo. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana a PI Tchaikovsky (kokoke loa iā ia) ʻaʻole wale ma Western Europe a me USA, akā ma Rusia pū kekahi.

Ma waena o nā hana ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e Nikish he mau hana a A. Bruckner, G. Mahler, M. Reger, R. Strauss; ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana a R. Schumann, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, I. Brahms, a me L. Beethoven, nona nā mele āna i unuhi ai ma ke ʻano aloha (ua mālama ʻia kahi leo o ka symphony 5).

Ka mea kākau o ka cantata, nā hana hoʻokani pila, string quartet, sonata no ka violin a me ka piano.

Keiki a Nikish Mitya Nikish (1899-1936) – pianist, mākaʻikaʻi i nā kūlanakauhale o ʻAmelika Hema (1921) a me New York (1923).

G. ʻAe. ʻO Yudin