Moʻomeheu mele Baroque: aesthetics, nā kiʻi noʻeau, nā ʻano, ke ʻano mele, nā haku mele

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe ua kapa ʻia ka wā i hāʻawi mai iā mākou ʻo Bach a me Handel he "mea ʻē"? Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou i kāhea ʻia ma kahi kūlana maikaʻi. ʻO "He momi o ke ʻano like ʻole (ʻano ʻano)" kekahi o ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo "Baroque". Eia nō naʻe, hewa ka moʻomeheu hou mai ka manaʻo o nā manaʻo o ka Renaissance: ua hoʻololi ʻia ka lokahi, ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo e ka disharmony, nā kiʻi paʻakikī a me nā ʻano.

ʻO ka nani Baroque

ʻO ka moʻomeheu mele Baroque i hui pū i ka nani a me ka ʻino, ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻohenehene. ʻO "nā mea maikaʻi ʻole" ʻo ia "i ke ʻano", hoʻololi i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka Renaissance. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā ua ʻike ʻia he honua o nā ʻokoʻa a me nā kūʻē, he honua piha i ka pōʻino a me ke keaka. Eia naʻe, aia kahi wehewehe mōʻaukala no kēia.

ʻO ka manawa Baroque e pili ana i 150 mau makahiki: mai 1600 a 1750. ʻO kēia ka manawa o ka ʻike nui o ka ʻāina (e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike ʻana o ʻAmelika e Columbus a me Magellan i ka pōʻai o ka honua), ka manawa o nā ʻike ʻepekema akamai o Galileo, Copernicus a me Newton, ka manawa o na kaua weliweli ma Europa. Ke hāʻule nei ka lokahi o ka honua i mua o ko mākou mau maka, e like me ka loli ʻana o ke kiʻi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ke loli nei nā manaʻo o ka manawa a me ke ākea.

Nā ʻano Baroque

ʻO ke ʻano hou no ka pretentiousness i hānau i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano hou. Ua hiki iā ia ke haʻi i ka honua paʻakikī o nā ʻike kanaka keaka mele, ma muli o nā aria manaʻo olaola. ʻO ka makua kāne o ka opera mua i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Jacopo Peri (opera Eurydice), akā ʻo ia ke ʻano he ʻano i hana ʻia ka opera ma nā hana a Claudio Monteverdi (Orpheus). Ma waena o nā inoa kaulana loa o ka ʻano opera baroque ua ʻike pū ʻia: A. Scarlatti (opera "Nero i lilo iā Kaisara"), GF Telemann ("Mario"), G. Purcell ("Dido and Aeneas"), J.-B . Lully ("Armide"), GF Handel ("Julius Caesar"), GB Pergolesi ("The Maid -madam"), A. Vivaldi ("Farnak").

Kokoke e like me ka opera, me ka ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻaʻahu, me kahi hoʻomana hoʻomana, haʻiʻōlelo he wahi koʻikoʻi ma ka hierarchy o nā ʻano Baroque. ʻO ke ʻano ʻuhane kiʻekiʻe e like me ka oratorio i hōʻike pū i ka hohonu o nā manaʻo kanaka. Ua kākau ʻia nā oratorio baroque kaulana loa e GF Handel ("Messiah")

Ma waena o nā ʻano mele laʻa, kaulana nō hoʻi nā mele kapu cantatas и kuko (ʻO nā makemake he "kauoha"; ʻaʻole paha i ka manaʻo, akā inā wale nō, e hoʻomanaʻo kākou i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo kumu mele - appassionato, ʻo ia ka mea i unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo Lūkini ʻo ia hoʻi "aloha"). Eia ka pāma no JS Bach ("St. Matthew Passion").

ʻO kekahi ʻano nui o kēia au - E Ala E. ʻO ka pāʻani ʻoi o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka mea hoʻokani solo a me ka orchestra (), a i ʻole ma waena o nā hui like ʻole o ka orchestra (genre) - ua kani maikaʻi me ka nani o ka Baroque. ʻO Maestro A. Vivaldi ("The Seasons"), IS i noho aliʻi ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO Bach "Bradenburg Concertos"), GF Handel a me A. Corelli (Concerto grosso).

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kumu ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma ke ʻano ʻaha mele. Ua hoʻokumu i ke kumu sonata (D. Scarlatti), suites a me nā partitas (JS Bach). Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua noho mua kēia kumumanaʻo, akā i ka wā Baroque wale nō ka mea i pau i ka maʻalahi a loaʻa i kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui o ka moʻomeheu mele Baroque he chaos a me ke kauoha e like me nā hōʻailona o ka manawa. ʻO ka randomness o ke ola a me ka make, ka uncontrollability o ka hopena, a ma ka manawa like - ka lanakila o "rationality", kauoha i nā mea a pau. Ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia antinomy e ke ʻano mele e hōʻike (toccatas, manao) a me ka ami. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo IS Bach i nā hana haku kaulana ʻole ma kēia ʻano (preludes a me fugues o ka Well-Tempered Clavier, Toccata a me Fugue ma D minor).

E like me kā mākou loiloi, ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o ka Baroque iā ia iho i ka nui o nā ʻano. Me nā haku mele voluminous, ua hana ʻia nā laconic opuses.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo mele o ka Baroque

Ua kōkua ka wā Baroque i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano kākau hou. Ke komo nei i ke kahua mele homopona me kona mahele ana i ka leo nui a me na leo pili.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka kaulana o ka homophony ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hale pule i nā koi kūikawā no ke kākau ʻana i nā haku mele ʻuhane: pono e heluhelu ʻia nā huaʻōlelo āpau. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā leo, a loaʻa pū kekahi mau mea hoʻonani mele. ʻO ka Baroque penchant no ka pretentiousness i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho maanei.

Ua waiwai nō hoʻi nā mele mea kani i ke kāhiko. Ma keia mea, ua laha hoʻomaikaʻi: ʻO ka bass ostinato (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻololi ʻole) i ʻike ʻia e ka wā Baroque, hāʻawi i ke ākea no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana no kahi pūʻulu harmonic i hāʻawi ʻia. I nā mele leo, nā cadences lōʻihi a me nā kaulahao o nā memo lokomaikaʻi a me nā trills i hoʻonani pinepine ʻia i nā aria operatic.

I ka manawa like, ua ulu polyphony, akā ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ka polyphony Baroque he polyphony kaila manuahi, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka counterpoint.

ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōlelo mele, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana tempered a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke tonality. ʻElua mau ʻano nui i wehewehe ʻia - nui a me ka liʻiliʻi.

Ka manaʻo pili

ʻOiai ʻo ka mele o ka wā Baroque e hōʻike i nā makemake kanaka, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā pahuhopu o ka haku mele. I kēia manawa ua pili kēlā me kēia haku mele me ka hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, me kekahi ʻano o ka noʻonoʻo. ʻAʻole hou ka manaʻo o ka hopena; mai ka wa kahiko. Akā i ka wā Baroque ua laha nui ia.

ʻO ka huhū, ke kaumaha, ka hauʻoli, ke aloha, ka haʻahaʻa - pili kēia mau hopena i ka ʻōlelo mele o nā haku mele. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi o ka hauʻoli a me ka leʻaleʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hapakolu, ʻehā a me ka hapalima, ka manawa kūpono a me ka trimeter ma ke kākau ʻana. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena o ke kaumaha ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā dissonances, chromaticism a me ka manawa lohi.

Aia kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā tonalities, kahi i hui pū ʻia ai ka E-flat major me ka E-major huhū i ka A-minor a me ka G-major haʻahaʻa.

Ma kahi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia…

ʻO ka moʻomeheu mele o ka Baroque he mana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka wā ma hope o ka classicism. ʻAʻole wale i kēia au. ʻOiai i kēia manawa, hiki ke lohe ʻia nā leo o ka Baroque i nā ʻano o ka opera a me ka ʻaha mele, i kaulana a hiki i kēia lā. Hōʻike ʻia nā huaʻōlelo mai nā mele a Bach ma nā mele mele kaumaha, ʻo nā mele pop i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka baroque "golden sequence", a ua hoʻohana ʻo jazz i ke ʻano o ka improvisation.

A ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻo hou ʻo Baroque he ʻano "ʻano ʻē", akā mahalo i kāna mau momi makamae maoli. ʻOiai he ʻano ʻano ʻē.